Biblioteka standardowa Pythona

W odróżnieniu od dokumentacji języka Python, która opisuje dokładną składnię i semantykę języka Python, ta dokumentacja opisuje bibliotekę standardową, która jest rozpowszechniana z Pythonem. Opisuje również niektóre opcjonalne komponenty, które często są zawarte w dystrybucjach Pythona.

Biblioteka standardowa Pythona jest bardzo obszerna i oferuje szeroki wachlarz narzędzi, co widać w długości spisu treści poniżej. Biblioteka zawiera wbudowane moduły (napisane w C), które dają dostęp do funkcjonalności systemowych, takich jak pliki wejścia/wyjścia, które w przeciwnym przypadku byłyby niedostępne dla programistów Pythona. Zawiera również moduły napisane w Pythonie, które dostarczają ustandaryzowane rozwiązania wielu problemów, które napotyka się podczas programowania na co dzień. Niektóre z tych modułów są bezpośrednio zaprojektowane tak, by zachęcać i zwiększać przenośność programów napisanych w Pythonie przez dodawanie abstrakcji nad specyfikami platform i tworzenie API neutralnych platformowo.

Instalatory Python dla platformy Windows zazwyczaj zawierają całą bibliotekę standardową, a często także wiele dodatkowych komponentów. W przypadku systemów operacyjnych podobnych do Unix Python jest zwykle dostarczany jako zbiór pakietów, więc może być konieczne użycie narzędzi do pakowania dostarczonych z systemem operacyjnym w celu uzyskania niektórych lub wszystkich składników opcjonalnych.

Oprócz biblioteki standardowej, istnieje aktywna kolekcja setek tysięcy komponentów (od pojedynczych programów i moduł do pakietów i całych programistycznych aplikacji ), dostępnych w Python Pakiet indeks .

• Wprowadzenie
  • Notes on availability
• Wbudowane funkcje
• Wbudowane stałe
  • Stałe dodane przez moduł site
• Wbudowane typy
  • Truth Value Testing
  • Boolean Operations — and, or, not
  • Comparisons
  • Numeric Types — int, float, complex
  • Boolean Type - bool
  • Iterator Types
  • Sequence Types — list, tuple, range
  • Text Sequence Type — str
  • Binary Sequence Types — bytes, bytearray, memoryview
  • Set Types — set, frozenset
  • Mapping Types — dict
  • Context Manager Types
  • Type Annotation Types — Generic Alias, Union
  • Other Built-in Types
  • Special Attributes
  • Integer string conversion length limitation
• Built-in Exceptions
  • Exception context
  • Inheriting from built-in exceptions
  • Base classes
  • Concrete exceptions
  • Warnings
  • Exception groups
  • Exception hierarchy
• Usługi przetwarzania tekstu
  • string — Common string operations
  • re — Regular expression operations
  • difflib — Helpers for computing deltas
  • textwrap — Text wrapping and filling
  • unicodedata — Unicode Database
  • stringprep — Internet String Preparation
  • readline — GNU readline interface
  • rlcompleter — Completion function for GNU readline
• Binary Data Services
  • struct — Interpret bytes as packed binary data
  • codecs — Codec registry and base classes
• Typy danych
  • datetime — Basic date and time types
  • zoneinfo — IANA time zone support
  • calendar — General calendar-related functions
  • collections — Container datatypes
  • collections.abc — Abstract Base Classes for Containers
  • heapq — Heap queue algorithm
  • bisect — Array bisection algorithm
  • array — Efficient arrays of numeric values
  • weakref — Weak references
  • types — Dynamic type creation and names for built-in types
  • copy — Shallow and deep copy operations
  • pprint — Data pretty printer
  • reprlib — Alternate repr() implementation
  • enum — Support for enumerations
  • graphlib — Functionality to operate with graph-like structures
• Numeric and Mathematical Modules
  • numbers — Numeric abstract base classes
  • math — Mathematical functions
  • cmath — Mathematical functions for complex numbers
  • decimal — Decimal fixed-point and floating-point arithmetic
  • fractions — Rational numbers
  • random — Generate pseudo-random numbers
  • statistics — Mathematical statistics functions
• Functional Programming Modules
  • itertools — Functions creating iterators for efficient looping
  • functools — Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects
  • operator — Standard operators as functions
• File and Directory Access
  • pathlib — Object-oriented filesystem paths
  • os.path — Common pathname manipulations
  • stat — Interpreting stat() results
  • filecmp — File and Directory Comparisons
  • tempfile — Generate temporary files and directories
  • glob — Unix style pathname pattern expansion
  • fnmatch — Unix filename pattern matching
  • linecache — Random access to text lines
  • shutil — High-level file operations
• Data Persistence
  • pickle — Python object serialization
  • copyreg — Register pickle support functions
  • shelve — Python object persistence
  • marshal — Internal Python object serialization
  • dbm — Interfaces to Unix „databases”
  • sqlite3 — DB-API 2.0 interface for SQLite databases
• Data Compression and Archiving
  • zlib — Compression compatible with gzip
  • gzip — Support for gzip files
  • bz2 — Support for bzip2 compression
  • lzma — Compression using the LZMA algorithm
  • zipfile — Work with ZIP archives
  • tarfile — Read and write tar archive files
• File Formats
  • csv — CSV File Reading and Writing
  • configparser — Configuration file parser
  • tomllib — Parse TOML files
  • netrc — netrc file processing
  • plistlib — Generate and parse Apple .plist files
• Cryptographic Services
  • hashlib — Secure hashes and message digests
  • hmac — Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication
  • secrets — Generate secure random numbers for managing secrets
• Generic Operating System Services
  • os — Miscellaneous operating system interfaces
  • io — Core tools for working with streams
  • time — Time access and conversions
  • logging — Logging facility for Python
  • logging.config — Logging configuration
  • logging.handlers — Logging handlers
  • platform — Access to underlying platform’s identifying data
  • errno — Standard errno system symbols
  • ctypes — A foreign function library for Python
• Biblioteki interfejsu wiersza poleceń
  • argparse — Parser for command-line options, arguments and subcommands
  • optparse — Parser for command line options
  • getpass — Portable password input
  • fileinput — Iterate over lines from multiple input streams
  • curses — Terminal handling for character-cell displays
  • curses.textpad — Text input widget for curses programs
  • curses.ascii — Utilities for ASCII characters
  • curses.panel — A panel stack extension for curses
• Concurrent Execution
  • threading — Thread-based parallelism
  • multiprocessing — Process-based parallelism
  • multiprocessing.shared_memory — Shared memory for direct access across processes
  • The concurrent package
  • concurrent.futures — Launching parallel tasks
  • subprocess — Subprocess management
  • sched — Event scheduler
  • queue — A synchronized queue class
  • contextvars — Context Variables
  • _thread — Low-level threading API
• Networking and Interprocess Communication
  • asyncio — Asynchronous I/O
  • socket — Low-level networking interface
  • ssl — TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects
  • select — Waiting for I/O completion
  • selectors — High-level I/O multiplexing
  • signal — Set handlers for asynchronous events
  • mmap — Memory-mapped file support
• Internet Data Handling
  • email — An email and MIME handling package
  • json — JSON encoder and decoder
  • mailbox — Manipulate mailboxes in various formats
  • mimetypes — Map filenames to MIME types
  • base64 — Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 Data Encodings
  • binascii — Convert between binary and ASCII
  • quopri — Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable data
• Structured Markup Processing Tools
  • html — HyperText Markup Language support
  • html.parser — Simple HTML and XHTML parser
  • html.entities — Definitions of HTML general entities
  • XML Processing Modules
  • xml.etree.ElementTree — The ElementTree XML API
  • xml.dom — The Document Object Model API
  • xml.dom.minidom — Minimal DOM implementation
  • xml.dom.pulldom — Support for building partial DOM trees
  • xml.sax — Support for SAX2 parsers
  • xml.sax.handler — Base classes for SAX handlers
  • xml.sax.saxutils — SAX Utilities
  • xml.sax.xmlreader — Interface for XML parsers
  • xml.parsers.expat — Fast XML parsing using Expat
• Internet Protocols and Support
  • webbrowser — Convenient web-browser controller
  • wsgiref — WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation
  • urllib — URL handling modules
  • urllib.request — Extensible library for opening URLs
  • urllib.response — Response classes used by urllib
  • urllib.parse — Parse URLs into components
  • urllib.error — Exception classes raised by urllib.request
  • urllib.robotparser — Parser for robots.txt
  • http — HTTP modules
  • http.client — HTTP protocol client
  • ftplib — FTP protocol client
  • poplib — POP3 protocol client
  • imaplib — IMAP4 protocol client
  • smtplib — SMTP protocol client
  • uuid — UUID objects according to RFC 4122
  • socketserver — A framework for network servers
  • http.server — HTTP servers
  • http.cookies — HTTP state management
  • http.cookiejar — Cookie handling for HTTP clients
  • xmlrpc — XMLRPC server and client modules
  • xmlrpc.client — XML-RPC client access
  • xmlrpc.server — Basic XML-RPC servers
  • ipaddress — IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library
• Multimedia Services
  • wave — Read and write WAV files
  • colorsys — Conversions between color systems
• Internationalization
  • gettext — Multilingual internationalization services
  • locale — Internationalization services
• Program Frameworks
  • turtle — Grafika żółwia
  • cmd — Support for line-oriented command interpreters
  • shlex — Simple lexical analysis
• Graphical User Interfaces with Tk
  • tkinter — Python interface to Tcl/Tk
  • tkinter.colorchooser — Color choosing dialog
  • tkinter.font — Tkinter font wrapper
  • Tkinter Dialogs
  • tkinter.messagebox — Tkinter message prompts
  • tkinter.scrolledtext — Scrolled Text Widget
  • tkinter.dnd — Drag and drop support
  • tkinter.ttk — Tk themed widgets
  • IDLE
• Development Tools
  • typing — Support for type hints
  • pydoc — Documentation generator and online help system
  • Python Development Mode
  • doctest — Test interactive Python examples
  • unittest — Unit testing framework
  • unittest.mock — mock object library
  • unittest.mock — getting started
  • test — Regression tests package for Python
  • test.support — Utilities for the Python test suite
  • test.support.socket_helper — Utilities for socket tests
  • test.support.script_helper — Utilities for the Python execution tests
  • test.support.bytecode_helper — Support tools for testing correct bytecode generation
  • test.support.threading_helper — Utilities for threading tests
  • test.support.os_helper — Utilities for os tests
  • test.support.import_helper — Utilities for import tests
  • test.support.warnings_helper — Utilities for warnings tests
• Debugowanie i profilowanie
  • Audit events table
  • bdb — Debugger framework
  • faulthandler — Dump the Python traceback
  • pdb — The Python Debugger
  • The Python Profilers
  • timeit — Measure execution time of small code snippets
  • trace — Trace or track Python statement execution
  • tracemalloc — Trace memory allocations
• Software Packaging and Distribution
  • ensurepip — Bootstrapping the pip installer
  • venv — Creation of virtual environments
  • zipapp — Manage executable Python zip archives
• Python Runtime Services
  • sys — System-specific parameters and functions
  • sys.monitoring — Execution event monitoring
  • sysconfig — Provide access to Python’s configuration information
  • builtins — Built-in objects
  • __main__ — Top-level code environment
  • warnings — Warning control
  • dataclasses — Data Classes
  • contextlib — Utilities for with-statement contexts
  • abc — Abstract Base Classes
  • atexit — Exit handlers
  • traceback — Print or retrieve a stack traceback
  • __future__ — Future statement definitions
  • gc — Garbage Collector interface
  • inspect — Inspect live objects
  • site — Site-specific configuration hook
• Custom Python Interpreters
  • code — Interpreter base classes
  • codeop — Compile Python code
• Importing Modules
  • zipimport — Import modules from Zip archives
  • pkgutil — Package extension utility
  • modulefinder — Find modules used by a script
  • runpy — Locating and executing Python modules
  • importlib — The implementation of import
  • importlib.resources – Package resource reading, opening and access
  • importlib.resources.abc – Abstract base classes for resources
  • importlib.metadata – Accessing package metadata
  • The initialization of the sys.path module search path
• Python Language Services
  • ast — Abstract Syntax Trees
  • symtable — Access to the compiler’s symbol tables
  • token — Constants used with Python parse trees
  • keyword — Testing for Python keywords
  • tokenize — Tokenizer for Python source
  • tabnanny — Detection of ambiguous indentation
  • pyclbr — Python module browser support
  • py_compile — Compile Python source files
  • compileall — Byte-compile Python libraries
  • dis — Disassembler for Python bytecode
  • pickletools — Tools for pickle developers
• MS Windows Specific Services
  • msvcrt — Useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime
  • winreg — Windows registry access
  • winsound — Sound-playing interface for Windows
• Unix Specific Services
  • posix — The most common POSIX system calls
  • pwd — The password database
  • grp — The group database
  • termios — POSIX style tty control
  • tty — Terminal control functions
  • pty — Pseudo-terminal utilities
  • fcntl — The fcntl and ioctl system calls
  • resource — Resource usage information
  • syslog — Unix syslog library routines
• Modules command-line interface (CLI)
• Superseded Modules
  • getopt — C-style parser for command line options
• Removed Modules
• Security Considerations