Desusos

Pending removal in Python 3.15

• The import system:

  • Setting __cached__ on a module while failing to set __spec__.cached is deprecated. In Python 3.15, __cached__ will cease to be set or take into consideration by the import system or standard library. (gh-97879)

  • Setting __package__ on a module while failing to set __spec__.parent is deprecated. In Python 3.15, __package__ will cease to be set or take into consideration by the import system or standard library. (gh-97879)

• ctypes:

  • La función ctypes.SetPointerType() no documentada ha quedado obsoleta desde Python 3.13.

• http.server:

  • The obsolete and rarely used CGIHTTPRequestHandler has been deprecated since Python 3.13. No direct replacement exists. Anything is better than CGI to interface a web server with a request handler.

  • La bandera --cgi de la interfaz de línea de comandos python -m http.server ha quedado obsoleta desde Python 3.13.

• importlib:

  • Método load_module(): utilice exec_module() en su lugar.

• locale:

  • La función getdefaultlocale() ha quedado obsoleta desde Python 3.11. Su eliminación se había planeado originalmente para Python 3.13 (gh-90817), pero se pospuso hasta Python 3.15. Utilice getlocale(), setlocale() y getencoding() en su lugar. (Contribuido por Hugo van Kemenade en gh-111187.)

• pathlib:

  • .PurePath.is_reserved() has been deprecated since Python 3.13. Use os.path.isreserved() to detect reserved paths on Windows.

• platform:

  • platform.java_ver() has been deprecated since Python 3.13. This function is only useful for Jython support, has a confusing API, and is largely untested.

• sysconfig:

  • The check_home argument of sysconfig.is_python_build() has been deprecated since Python 3.12.

• threading:

  • RLock() no acepta argumentos en Python 3.15. El paso de cualquier argumento ha quedado obsoleto desde Python 3.14, ya que la versión de Python no permite ningún argumento, pero la versión de C permite cualquier cantidad de argumentos posicionales o de palabras clave, ignorando todos los argumentos.

• types:

  • types.CodeType: Accessing co_lnotab was deprecated in PEP 626 since 3.10 and was planned to be removed in 3.12, but it only got a proper DeprecationWarning in 3.12. May be removed in 3.15. (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in gh-101866.)

• typing:

  • The undocumented keyword argument syntax for creating NamedTuple classes (for example, Point = NamedTuple("Point", x=int, y=int)) has been deprecated since Python 3.13. Use the class-based syntax or the functional syntax instead.

  • When using the functional syntax of TypedDicts, failing to pass a value to the fields parameter (TD = TypedDict("TD")) or passing None (TD = TypedDict("TD", None)) has been deprecated since Python 3.13. Use class TD(TypedDict): pass or TD = TypedDict("TD", {}) to create a TypedDict with zero field.

  • The typing.no_type_check_decorator() decorator function has been deprecated since Python 3.13. After eight years in the typing module, it has yet to be supported by any major type checker.

• Módulos sre_compile, sre_constants y sre_parse.

• wave:

  • The getmark(), setmark() and getmarkers() methods of the Wave_read and Wave_write classes have been deprecated since Python 3.13.

• zipimport:

  • zipimport.zipimporter.load_module() has been deprecated since Python 3.10. Use exec_module() instead. (gh-125746.)

Pending removal in Python 3.16

• The import system:

  • Setting __loader__ on a module while failing to set __spec__.loader is deprecated. In Python 3.16, __loader__ will cease to be set or taken into consideration by the import system or the standard library.

• array:

  • El código de formato 'u' (wchar_t) ha quedado obsoleto en la documentación desde Python 3.3 y en el entorno de ejecución desde Python 3.13. Utilice el código de formato 'w' (Py_UCS4) para caracteres Unicode.

• asyncio:

  • asyncio.iscoroutinefunction() is deprecated and will be removed in Python 3.16; use inspect.iscoroutinefunction() instead. (Contributed by Jiahao Li and Kumar Aditya in gh-122875.)

  • asyncio policy system is deprecated and will be removed in Python 3.16. In particular, the following classes and functions are deprecated:

    • asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy

    • asyncio.DefaultEventLoopPolicy

    • asyncio.WindowsSelectorEventLoopPolicy

    • asyncio.WindowsProactorEventLoopPolicy

    • asyncio.get_event_loop_policy()

    • asyncio.set_event_loop_policy()

    Users should use asyncio.run() or asyncio.Runner with loop_factory to use the desired event loop implementation.

    For example, to use asyncio.SelectorEventLoop on Windows:

    import asyncio
    
    async def main():
        ...
    
    asyncio.run(main(), loop_factory=asyncio.SelectorEventLoop)
    

    (Contributed by Kumar Aditya in gh-127949.)

• builtins:

  • La inversión bit a bit en tipos booleanos, ~True o ~False, ha quedado obsoleta desde Python 3.12, ya que produce resultados sorprendentes y poco intuitivos (-2 y -1). En su lugar, utilice not x para la negación lógica de un valor booleano. En el caso poco frecuente de que necesite la inversión bit a bit del entero subyacente, convierta a int explícitamente (~int(x)).

• functools:

  • Calling the Python implementation of functools.reduce() with function or sequence as keyword arguments has been deprecated since Python 3.14.

• logging:

  Support for custom logging handlers with the strm argument is deprecated and scheduled for removal in Python 3.16. Define handlers with the stream argument instead. (Contributed by Mariusz Felisiak in gh-115032.)

• mimetypes:

  • Valid extensions start with a “.” or are empty for mimetypes.MimeTypes.add_type(). Undotted extensions are deprecated and will raise a ValueError in Python 3.16. (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in gh-75223.)

• shutil:

  • La excepción ExecError ha quedado obsoleta desde Python 3.14. No ha sido utilizada por ninguna función en shutil desde Python 3.4 y ahora es un alias de RuntimeError.

• symtable:

  • El método Class.get_methods ha quedado obsoleto desde Python 3.14.

• sys:

  • La función _enablelegacywindowsfsencoding() ha quedado obsoleta desde Python 3.13. En su lugar, utilice la variable de entorno PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING.

• sysconfig:

  • The sysconfig.expand_makefile_vars() function has been deprecated since Python 3.14. Use the vars argument of sysconfig.get_paths() instead.

• tarfile:

  • El atributo TarFile.tarfile, no documentado ni utilizado, ha quedado obsoleto desde Python 3.13.

Pending removal in Python 3.17

• collections.abc:

  • collections.abc.ByteString is scheduled for removal in Python 3.17.

    Use isinstance(obj, collections.abc.Buffer) to test if obj implements the buffer protocol at runtime. For use in type annotations, either use Buffer or a union that explicitly specifies the types your code supports (e.g., bytes | bytearray | memoryview).

    ByteString was originally intended to be an abstract class that would serve as a supertype of both bytes and bytearray. However, since the ABC never had any methods, knowing that an object was an instance of ByteString never actually told you anything useful about the object. Other common buffer types such as memoryview were also never understood as subtypes of ByteString (either at runtime or by static type checkers).

    See PEP 688 for more details. (Contributed by Shantanu Jain in gh-91896.)

• typing:

  • Before Python 3.14, old-style unions were implemented using the private class typing._UnionGenericAlias. This class is no longer needed for the implementation, but it has been retained for backward compatibility, with removal scheduled for Python 3.17. Users should use documented introspection helpers like typing.get_origin() and typing.get_args() instead of relying on private implementation details.

  • typing.ByteString, deprecated since Python 3.9, is scheduled for removal in Python 3.17.

    Use isinstance(obj, collections.abc.Buffer) to test if obj implements the buffer protocol at runtime. For use in type annotations, either use Buffer or a union that explicitly specifies the types your code supports (e.g., bytes | bytearray | memoryview).

    ByteString was originally intended to be an abstract class that would serve as a supertype of both bytes and bytearray. However, since the ABC never had any methods, knowing that an object was an instance of ByteString never actually told you anything useful about the object. Other common buffer types such as memoryview were also never understood as subtypes of ByteString (either at runtime or by static type checkers).

    See PEP 688 for more details. (Contributed by Shantanu Jain in gh-91896.)

Pending removal in Python 3.19

• ctypes:

  • Implicitly switching to the MSVC-compatible struct layout by setting _pack_ but not _layout_ on non-Windows platforms.

• hashlib:

  • In hash function constructors such as new() or the direct hash-named constructors such as md5() and sha256(), their optional initial data parameter could also be passed a keyword argument named data= or string= in various hashlib implementations.

    Support for the string keyword argument name is now deprecated and slated for removal in Python 3.19.

    Before Python 3.13, the string keyword parameter was not correctly supported depending on the backend implementation of hash functions. Prefer passing the initial data as a positional argument for maximum backwards compatibility.

Pending removal in Python 3.20

• The __version__ attribute has been deprecated in these standard library modules and will be removed in Python 3.20. Use sys.version_info instead.

  • argparse

  • csv

  • ctypes.macholib

  • decimal (use decimal.SPEC_VERSION instead)

  • imaplib

  • ipaddress

  • json

  • logging (__date__ also deprecated)

  • optparse

  • pickle

  • platform

  • re

  • socketserver

  • tabnanny

  • tkinter.font

  • tkinter.ttk

  • zlib

  (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade and Stan Ulbrych in gh-76007.)

Pending removal in future versions

Las siguientes API se eliminarán en el futuro, aunque actualmente no hay una fecha programada para su eliminación.

• argparse:

  • Nesting argument groups and nesting mutually exclusive groups are deprecated.

  • Passing the undocumented keyword argument prefix_chars to add_argument_group() is now deprecated.

  • The argparse.FileType type converter is deprecated.

• builtins:

  • Generadores: las firmas throw(type, exc, tb) y athrow(type, exc, tb) están obsoletas: utilice throw(exc) y athrow(exc) en su lugar, la firma de argumento único.

  • Actualmente, Python acepta literales numéricos seguidos inmediatamente de palabras clave, por ejemplo, 0in x, 1or x, 0if 1else 2. Permite expresiones confusas y ambiguas como [0x1for x in y] (que se puede interpretar como [0x1 for x in y] o [0x1f or x in y]). Se genera una advertencia de sintaxis si el literal numérico va seguido inmediatamente de una de las palabras clave and, else, for, if, in, is y or. En una versión futura, se cambiará a un error de sintaxis. (gh-87999)

  • Compatibilidad con los métodos __index__() y __int__() que devuelven un tipo que no es int: estos métodos serán necesarios para devolver una instancia de una subclase estricta de int.

  • Compatibilidad con el método __float__() que devuelve una subclase estricta de float: estos métodos serán necesarios para devolver una instancia de float.

  • Compatibilidad con el método __complex__() que devuelve una subclase estricta de complex: estos métodos serán necesarios para devolver una instancia de complex.

  • Delegación del método int() al __trunc__().

  • Ahora está obsoleto el paso de un número complejo como argumento real o imag en el constructor complex(); solo debe pasarse como un único argumento posicional. (Contribuido por Serhiy Storchaka en gh-109218.)

• calendar: Las constantes calendar.January y calendar.February han quedado obsoletas y han sido reemplazadas por calendar.JANUARY y calendar.FEBRUARY. (Contribuido por Prince Roshan en gh-103636.)

• codecs: use open() instead of codecs.open(). (gh-133038)

• codeobject.co_lnotab: utilice el método codeobject.co_lines() en su lugar.

• datetime:

  • utcnow(): utilice datetime.datetime.now(tz=datetime.UTC).

  • utcfromtimestamp(): utilice datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, tz=datetime.UTC).

• gettext: El valor plural debe ser un número entero.

• importlib:

  • cache_from_source() El parámetro debug_override está obsoleto: utilice el parámetro optimization en su lugar.

• importlib.metadata:

  • Interfaz de tupla EntryPoints.

  • None implícito en los valores de retorno.

• logging: el método warn() ha quedado obsoleto desde Python 3.3, utilice warning() en su lugar.

• mailbox: El uso del modo de entrada y texto StringIO está obsoleto; en su lugar, utilice BytesIO y el modo binario.

• os: Llamada a os.register_at_fork() en un proceso multiproceso.

• pydoc.ErrorDuringImport: Un valor de tupla para el parámetro exc_info está obsoleto, utilice una instancia de excepción.

• re: Ahora se aplican reglas más estrictas para las referencias numéricas de grupos y los nombres de grupos en expresiones regulares. Ahora solo se aceptan secuencias de dígitos ASCII como referencia numérica. El nombre de grupo en patrones de bytes y cadenas de reemplazo ahora solo puede contener letras y dígitos ASCII y guiones bajos. (Contribuido por Serhiy Storchaka en gh-91760.)

• shutil: El parámetro onerror de rmtree() está obsoleto en Python 3.12; utilice el parámetro onexc en su lugar.

• Opciones y protocolos ssl:

  • ssl.SSLContext sin argumento de protocolo está obsoleto.

  • ssl.SSLContext: set_npn_protocols() y selected_npn_protocol() están obsoletos: utilice ALPN en su lugar.

  • Opciones de ssl.OP_NO_SSL*

  • Opciones de ssl.OP_NO_TLS*

  • ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3

  • ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS

  • ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1

  • ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1

  • ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2

  • ssl.TLSVersion.SSLv3

  • ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1

  • ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_1

• Métodos threading:

  • threading.Condition.notifyAll(): utilice notify_all().

  • threading.Event.isSet(): utilice is_set().

  • threading.Thread.isDaemon(), threading.Thread.setDaemon(): utilice el atributo threading.Thread.daemon.

  • threading.Thread.getName(), threading.Thread.setName(): utilice el atributo threading.Thread.name.

  • threading.currentThread(): utilice threading.current_thread().

  • threading.activeCount(): utilice threading.active_count().

• typing.Text (gh-92332).

• The internal class typing._UnionGenericAlias is no longer used to implement typing.Union. To preserve compatibility with users using this private class, a compatibility shim will be provided until at least Python 3.17. (Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in gh-105499.)

• unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase: está obsoleto devolver un valor que no sea None de un caso de prueba.

• Funciones obsoletas de urllib.parse: urlparse() en su lugar

  • splitattr()

  • splithost()

  • splitnport()

  • splitpasswd()

  • splitport()

  • splitquery()

  • splittag()

  • splittype()

  • splituser()

  • splitvalue()

  • to_bytes()

• wsgiref: SimpleHandler.stdout.write() no debería realizar escrituras parciales.

• xml.etree.ElementTree: La prueba del valor de verdad de un Element está obsoleta. En una versión futura, siempre devolverá True. En su lugar, es preferible realizar pruebas explícitas len(elem) o elem is not None.

• sys._clear_type_cache() is deprecated: use sys._clear_internal_caches() instead.

C API deprecations

Pending removal in Python 3.15

• The PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock(): Use PyImport_ImportModule() instead.

• PyWeakref_GetObject() and PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT(): Use PyWeakref_GetRef() instead. The pythoncapi-compat project can be used to get PyWeakref_GetRef() on Python 3.12 and older.

• Tipo Py_UNICODE y macro Py_UNICODE_WIDE: utilice wchar_t en su lugar.

• PyUnicode_AsDecodedObject(): Utilice PyCodec_Decode() en su lugar.

• PyUnicode_AsDecodedUnicode(): Use PyCodec_Decode() instead; Note that some codecs (for example, «base64») may return a type other than str, such as bytes.

• PyUnicode_AsEncodedObject(): Utilice PyCodec_Encode() en su lugar.

• PyUnicode_AsEncodedUnicode(): Use PyCodec_Encode() instead; Note that some codecs (for example, «base64») may return a type other than bytes, such as str.

• Python initialization functions, deprecated in Python 3.13:

  • Py_GetPath(): Use PyConfig_Get("module_search_paths") (sys.path) instead.

  • Py_GetPrefix(): Use PyConfig_Get("base_prefix") (sys.base_prefix) instead. Use PyConfig_Get("prefix") (sys.prefix) if virtual environments need to be handled.

  • Py_GetExecPrefix(): Use PyConfig_Get("base_exec_prefix") (sys.base_exec_prefix) instead. Use PyConfig_Get("exec_prefix") (sys.exec_prefix) if virtual environments need to be handled.

  • Py_GetProgramFullPath(): Use PyConfig_Get("executable") (sys.executable) instead.

  • Py_GetProgramName(): Use PyConfig_Get("executable") (sys.executable) instead.

  • Py_GetPythonHome(): Use PyConfig_Get("home") or the PYTHONHOME environment variable instead.

  The pythoncapi-compat project can be used to get PyConfig_Get() on Python 3.13 and older.

• Funciones para configurar la inicialización de Python, obsoletas en Python 3.11:

  • PySys_SetArgvEx(): Establezca PyConfig.argv en su lugar.

  • PySys_SetArgv(): Establezca PyConfig.argv en su lugar.

  • Py_SetProgramName(): Establezca PyConfig.program_name en su lugar.

  • Py_SetPythonHome(): Establezca PyConfig.home en su lugar.

  • PySys_ResetWarnOptions(): Clear sys.warnoptions and warnings.filters instead.

  La API Py_InitializeFromConfig() debe utilizarse con PyConfig.

• Variables de configuración global:

  • Py_DebugFlag: Use PyConfig.parser_debug or PyConfig_Get("parser_debug") instead.

  • Py_VerboseFlag: Use PyConfig.verbose or PyConfig_Get("verbose") instead.

  • Py_QuietFlag: Use PyConfig.quiet or PyConfig_Get("quiet") instead.

  • Py_InteractiveFlag: Use PyConfig.interactive or PyConfig_Get("interactive") instead.

  • Py_InspectFlag: Use PyConfig.inspect or PyConfig_Get("inspect") instead.

  • Py_OptimizeFlag: Use PyConfig.optimization_level or PyConfig_Get("optimization_level") instead.

  • Py_NoSiteFlag: Use PyConfig.site_import or PyConfig_Get("site_import") instead.

  • Py_BytesWarningFlag: Use PyConfig.bytes_warning or PyConfig_Get("bytes_warning") instead.

  • Py_FrozenFlag: Use PyConfig.pathconfig_warnings or PyConfig_Get("pathconfig_warnings") instead.

  • Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag: Use PyConfig.use_environment or PyConfig_Get("use_environment") instead.

  • Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag: Use PyConfig.write_bytecode or PyConfig_Get("write_bytecode") instead.

  • Py_NoUserSiteDirectory: Use PyConfig.user_site_directory or PyConfig_Get("user_site_directory") instead.

  • Py_UnbufferedStdioFlag: Use PyConfig.buffered_stdio or PyConfig_Get("buffered_stdio") instead.

  • Py_HashRandomizationFlag: Use PyConfig.use_hash_seed and PyConfig.hash_seed or PyConfig_Get("hash_seed") instead.

  • Py_IsolatedFlag: Use PyConfig.isolated or PyConfig_Get("isolated") instead.

  • Py_LegacyWindowsFSEncodingFlag: Use PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding or PyConfig_Get("legacy_windows_fs_encoding") instead.

  • Py_LegacyWindowsStdioFlag: Use PyConfig.legacy_windows_stdio or PyConfig_Get("legacy_windows_stdio") instead.

  • Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding, Py_HasFileSystemDefaultEncoding: Use PyConfig.filesystem_encoding or PyConfig_Get("filesystem_encoding") instead.

  • Py_FileSystemDefaultEncodeErrors: Use PyConfig.filesystem_errors or PyConfig_Get("filesystem_errors") instead.

  • Py_UTF8Mode: Use PyPreConfig.utf8_mode or PyConfig_Get("utf8_mode") instead. (see Py_PreInitialize())

  The Py_InitializeFromConfig() API should be used with PyConfig to set these options. Or PyConfig_Get() can be used to get these options at runtime.

Pending removal in Python 3.18

• The following private functions are deprecated and planned for removal in Python 3.18:

  • _PyBytes_Join(): use PyBytes_Join().

  • _PyDict_GetItemStringWithError(): use PyDict_GetItemStringRef().

  • _PyDict_Pop(): use PyDict_Pop().

  • _PyLong_Sign(): use PyLong_GetSign().

  • _PyLong_FromDigits() and _PyLong_New(): use PyLongWriter_Create().

  • _PyThreadState_UncheckedGet(): use PyThreadState_GetUnchecked().

  • _PyUnicode_AsString(): use PyUnicode_AsUTF8().

  • _PyUnicodeWriter_Init(): replace _PyUnicodeWriter_Init(&writer) with writer = PyUnicodeWriter_Create(0).

  • _PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(): replace _PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(&writer) with PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(writer).

  • _PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc(): replace _PyUnicodeWriter_Dealloc(&writer) with PyUnicodeWriter_Discard(writer).

  • _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(): replace _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(&writer, ch) with PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(writer, ch).

  • _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(): replace _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(&writer, str) with PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(writer, str).

  • _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteSubstring(): replace _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteSubstring(&writer, str, start, end) with PyUnicodeWriter_WriteSubstring(writer, str, start, end).

  • _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(): replace _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(&writer, str) with PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCII(writer, str).

  • _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteLatin1String(): replace _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteLatin1String(&writer, str) with PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8(writer, str).

  • _PyUnicodeWriter_Prepare(): (no replacement).

  • _PyUnicodeWriter_PrepareKind(): (no replacement).

  • _Py_HashPointer(): use Py_HashPointer().

  • _Py_fopen_obj(): use Py_fopen().

  The pythoncapi-compat project can be used to get these new public functions on Python 3.13 and older. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in gh-128863.)

Pending removal in Python 3.20

• The cval field in PyComplexObject (gh-128813). Use PyComplex_AsCComplex() and PyComplex_FromCComplex() to convert a Python complex number to/from the C Py_complex representation.

Pending removal in future versions

Las siguientes API están obsoletas y se eliminarán, aunque actualmente no hay una fecha programada para su eliminación.

• Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_FINALIZE: Innecesario desde Python 3.8.

• PyErr_Fetch(): Utilice PyErr_GetRaisedException() en su lugar.

• PyErr_NormalizeException(): Utilice PyErr_GetRaisedException() en su lugar.

• PyErr_Restore(): Utilice PyErr_SetRaisedException() en su lugar.

• PyModule_GetFilename(): Utilice PyModule_GetFilenameObject() en su lugar.

• PyOS_AfterFork(): Utilice PyOS_AfterFork_Child() en su lugar.

• PySlice_GetIndicesEx(): Utilice PySlice_Unpack() y PySlice_AdjustIndices() en su lugar.

• PyUnicode_READY(): Innecesario desde Python 3.12

• PyErr_Display(): Utilice PyErr_DisplayException() en su lugar.

• _PyErr_ChainExceptions(): Utilice _PyErr_ChainExceptions1() en su lugar.

• Miembro de PyBytesObject.ob_shash: llame a PyObject_Hash() en su lugar.

• API de almacenamiento local de subprocesos (TLS):

  • PyThread_create_key(): Utilice PyThread_tss_alloc() en su lugar.

  • PyThread_delete_key(): Utilice PyThread_tss_free() en su lugar.

  • PyThread_set_key_value(): Utilice PyThread_tss_set() en su lugar.

  • PyThread_get_key_value(): Utilice PyThread_tss_get() en su lugar.

  • PyThread_delete_key_value(): Utilice PyThread_tss_delete() en su lugar.

  • PyThread_ReInitTLS(): Innecesario desde Python 3.7.