faulthandler
— Dump the Python traceback¶
Novo na versão 3.3.
This module contains functions to dump Python tracebacks explicitly, on a fault,
after a timeout, or on a user signal. Call faulthandler.enable()
to
install fault handlers for the SIGSEGV
, SIGFPE
,
SIGABRT
, SIGBUS
, and SIGILL
signals. You can also
enable them at startup by setting the PYTHONFAULTHANDLER
environment
variable or by using the -X
faulthandler
command line option.
The fault handler is compatible with system fault handlers like Apport or the
Windows fault handler. The module uses an alternative stack for signal handlers
if the sigaltstack()
function is available. This allows it to dump the
traceback even on a stack overflow.
The fault handler is called on catastrophic cases and therefore can only use signal-safe functions (e.g. it cannot allocate memory on the heap). Because of this limitation traceback dumping is minimal compared to normal Python tracebacks:
Only ASCII is supported. The
backslashreplace
error handler is used on encoding.Each string is limited to 500 characters.
Only the filename, the function name and the line number are displayed. (no source code)
It is limited to 100 frames and 100 threads.
The order is reversed: the most recent call is shown first.
By default, the Python traceback is written to sys.stderr
. To see
tracebacks, applications must be run in the terminal. A log file can
alternatively be passed to faulthandler.enable()
.
The module is implemented in C, so tracebacks can be dumped on a crash or when Python is deadlocked.
The Python Development Mode calls faulthandler.enable()
at Python startup.
Dumping the traceback¶
-
faulthandler.
dump_traceback
(file=sys.stderr, all_threads=True)¶ Dump the tracebacks of all threads into file. If all_threads is
False
, dump only the current thread.Alterado na versão 3.5: Added support for passing file descriptor to this function.
Fault handler state¶
-
faulthandler.
enable
(file=sys.stderr, all_threads=True)¶ Enable the fault handler: install handlers for the
SIGSEGV
,SIGFPE
,SIGABRT
,SIGBUS
andSIGILL
signals to dump the Python traceback. If all_threads isTrue
, produce tracebacks for every running thread. Otherwise, dump only the current thread.The file must be kept open until the fault handler is disabled: see issue with file descriptors.
Alterado na versão 3.5: Added support for passing file descriptor to this function.
Alterado na versão 3.6: On Windows, a handler for Windows exception is also installed.
-
faulthandler.
disable
()¶ Disable the fault handler: uninstall the signal handlers installed by
enable()
.
-
faulthandler.
is_enabled
()¶ Check if the fault handler is enabled.
Dumping the tracebacks after a timeout¶
-
faulthandler.
dump_traceback_later
(timeout, repeat=False, file=sys.stderr, exit=False)¶ Dump the tracebacks of all threads, after a timeout of timeout seconds, or every timeout seconds if repeat is
True
. If exit isTrue
, call_exit()
with status=1 after dumping the tracebacks. (Note_exit()
exits the process immediately, which means it doesn’t do any cleanup like flushing file buffers.) If the function is called twice, the new call replaces previous parameters and resets the timeout. The timer has a sub-second resolution.The file must be kept open until the traceback is dumped or
cancel_dump_traceback_later()
is called: see issue with file descriptors.This function is implemented using a watchdog thread.
Alterado na versão 3.7: This function is now always available.
Alterado na versão 3.5: Added support for passing file descriptor to this function.
-
faulthandler.
cancel_dump_traceback_later
()¶ Cancel the last call to
dump_traceback_later()
.
Dumping the traceback on a user signal¶
-
faulthandler.
register
(signum, file=sys.stderr, all_threads=True, chain=False)¶ Register a user signal: install a handler for the signum signal to dump the traceback of all threads, or of the current thread if all_threads is
False
, into file. Call the previous handler if chain isTrue
.The file must be kept open until the signal is unregistered by
unregister()
: see issue with file descriptors.Não disponível no Windows.
Alterado na versão 3.5: Added support for passing file descriptor to this function.
-
faulthandler.
unregister
(signum)¶ Unregister a user signal: uninstall the handler of the signum signal installed by
register()
. ReturnTrue
if the signal was registered,False
otherwise.Não disponível no Windows.
Issue with file descriptors¶
enable()
, dump_traceback_later()
and register()
keep the
file descriptor of their file argument. If the file is closed and its file
descriptor is reused by a new file, or if os.dup2()
is used to replace
the file descriptor, the traceback will be written into a different file. Call
these functions again each time that the file is replaced.
Exemplo¶
Example of a segmentation fault on Linux with and without enabling the fault handler:
$ python3 -c "import ctypes; ctypes.string_at(0)"
Segmentation fault
$ python3 -q -X faulthandler
>>> import ctypes
>>> ctypes.string_at(0)
Fatal Python error: Segmentation fault
Current thread 0x00007fb899f39700 (most recent call first):
File "/home/python/cpython/Lib/ctypes/__init__.py", line 486 in string_at
File "<stdin>", line 1 in <module>
Segmentation fault