Built-in Constants¶
A small number of constants live in the built-in namespace. They are:
-
False
¶ The false value of the
bool
type. Assignments toFalse
are illegal and raise aSyntaxError
.
-
True
¶ The true value of the
bool
type. Assignments toTrue
are illegal and raise aSyntaxError
.
-
None
¶ The sole value of the type
NoneType
.None
is frequently used to represent the absence of a value, as when default arguments are not passed to a function. Assignments toNone
are illegal and raise aSyntaxError
.
-
NotImplemented
¶ Special value which should be returned by the binary special methods (e.g.
__eq__()
,__lt__()
,__add__()
,__rsub__()
, etc.) to indicate that the operation is not implemented with respect to the other type; may be returned by the in-place binary special methods (e.g.__imul__()
,__iand__()
, etc.) for the same purpose. It should not be evaluated in a boolean context.Informacja
When a binary (or in-place) method returns
NotImplemented
the interpreter will try the reflected operation on the other type (or some other fallback, depending on the operator). If all attempts returnNotImplemented
, the interpreter will raise an appropriate exception. Incorrectly returningNotImplemented
will result in a misleading error message or theNotImplemented
value being returned to Python code.See Implementing the arithmetic operations for examples.
Informacja
NotImplementedError
andNotImplemented
are not interchangeable, even though they have similar names and purposes. SeeNotImplementedError
for details on when to use it.Zmienione w wersji 3.9: Evaluating
NotImplemented
in a boolean context is deprecated. While it currently evaluates as true, it will emit aDeprecationWarning
. It will raise aTypeError
in a future version of Python.
-
Ellipsis
¶ The same as the ellipsis literal „
...
”. Special value used mostly in conjunction with extended slicing syntax for user-defined container data types.
-
__debug__
¶ This constant is true if Python was not started with an
-O
option. See also theassert
statement.
Informacja
The names None
, False
, True
and __debug__
cannot be reassigned (assignments to them, even as an attribute name, raise
SyntaxError
), so they can be considered „true” constants.
Constants added by the site
module¶
The site
module (which is imported automatically during startup, except
if the -S
command-line option is given) adds several constants to the
built-in namespace. They are useful for the interactive interpreter shell and
should not be used in programs.
-
quit
(code=None)¶ -
exit
(code=None)¶ Objects that when printed, print a message like „Use quit() or Ctrl-D (i.e. EOF) to exit”, and when called, raise
SystemExit
with the specified exit code.
-
copyright
¶ -
credits
¶ Objects that when printed or called, print the text of copyright or credits, respectively.
-
license
¶ Object that when printed, prints the message „Type license() to see the full license text”, and when called, displays the full license text in a pager-like fashion (one screen at a time).