코드 객체

코드 객체는 CPython 구현의 저수준 세부 사항입니다. 각 객체는 아직 함수에 묶여 있지 않은 실행 가능한 코드 덩어리를 나타냅니다.

type PyCodeObject

코드 객체를 설명하는 데 사용되는 객체의 C 구조체. 이 형의 필드는 언제든지 변경될 수 있습니다.

PyTypeObject PyCode_Type

이것은 파이썬 코드 객체를 나타내는 PyTypeObject의 인스턴스입니다.

int PyCode_Check(PyObject *co)

co가 코드 객체면 참을 반환합니다. 이 함수는 항상 성공합니다.

Py_ssize_t PyCode_GetNumFree(PyCodeObject *co)

코드 객체에 있는 자유 (클로저) 변수의 개수를 반환합니다.

int PyUnstable_Code_GetFirstFree(PyCodeObject *co)

이것은 불안정 API. It may change without warning in minor releases.

Return the position of the first free (closure) variable in a code object.

버전 3.13에서 변경: Renamed from PyCode_GetFirstFree as part of Unstable C API. The old name is deprecated, but will remain available until the signature changes again.

PyCodeObject *PyUnstable_Code_New(int argcount, int kwonlyargcount, int nlocals, int stacksize, int flags, PyObject *code, PyObject *consts, PyObject *names, PyObject *varnames, PyObject *freevars, PyObject *cellvars, PyObject *filename, PyObject *name, PyObject *qualname, int firstlineno, PyObject *linetable, PyObject *exceptiontable)

이것은 불안정 API. It may change without warning in minor releases.

새 코드 객체를 반환합니다. 프레임을 만들기 위해 더미 코드 객체가 필요하면, 대신 PyCode_NewEmpty()를 사용하십시오.

Since the definition of the bytecode changes often, calling PyUnstable_Code_New() directly can bind you to a precise Python version.

The many arguments of this function are inter-dependent in complex ways, meaning that subtle changes to values are likely to result in incorrect execution or VM crashes. Use this function only with extreme care.

버전 3.11에서 변경: Added qualname and exceptiontable parameters.

버전 3.12에서 변경: Renamed from PyCode_New as part of Unstable C API. The old name is deprecated, but will remain available until the signature changes again.

PyCodeObject *PyUnstable_Code_NewWithPosOnlyArgs(int argcount, int posonlyargcount, int kwonlyargcount, int nlocals, int stacksize, int flags, PyObject *code, PyObject *consts, PyObject *names, PyObject *varnames, PyObject *freevars, PyObject *cellvars, PyObject *filename, PyObject *name, PyObject *qualname, int firstlineno, PyObject *linetable, PyObject *exceptiontable)

이것은 불안정 API. It may change without warning in minor releases.

PyUnstable_Code_New()와 비슷하지만, 위치 전용 인자를 위한 추가 “posonlyargcount”가 있습니다. PyUnstable_Code_New에 적용되는 것과 같은 주의 사항이 이 함수에도 적용됩니다.

Added in version 3.8: as PyCode_NewWithPosOnlyArgs

버전 3.11에서 변경: Added qualname and exceptiontable parameters.

버전 3.12에서 변경: Renamed to PyUnstable_Code_NewWithPosOnlyArgs. The old name is deprecated, but will remain available until the signature changes again.

PyCodeObject *PyCode_NewEmpty(const char *filename, const char *funcname, int firstlineno)

반환값: 새 참조.

지정된 파일명, 함수명 및 첫 번째 줄 번호를 갖는 새 빈 코드 객체를 반환합니다. 결과 코드 객체를 실행하면 Exception을 발생시킵니다.

int PyCode_Addr2Line(PyCodeObject *co, int byte_offset)

Return the line number of the instruction that occurs on or before byte_offset and ends after it. If you just need the line number of a frame, use PyFrame_GetLineNumber() instead.

For efficiently iterating over the line numbers in a code object, use the API described in PEP 626.

int PyCode_Addr2Location(PyObject *co, int byte_offset, int *start_line, int *start_column, int *end_line, int *end_column)

Sets the passed int pointers to the source code line and column numbers for the instruction at byte_offset. Sets the value to 0 when information is not available for any particular element.

Returns 1 if the function succeeds and 0 otherwise.

Added in version 3.11.

PyObject *PyCode_GetCode(PyCodeObject *co)

Equivalent to the Python code getattr(co, 'co_code'). Returns a strong reference to a PyBytesObject representing the bytecode in a code object. On error, NULL is returned and an exception is raised.

This PyBytesObject may be created on-demand by the interpreter and does not necessarily represent the bytecode actually executed by CPython. The primary use case for this function is debuggers and profilers.

Added in version 3.11.

PyObject *PyCode_GetVarnames(PyCodeObject *co)

Equivalent to the Python code getattr(co, 'co_varnames'). Returns a new reference to a PyTupleObject containing the names of the local variables. On error, NULL is returned and an exception is raised.

Added in version 3.11.

PyObject *PyCode_GetCellvars(PyCodeObject *co)

Equivalent to the Python code getattr(co, 'co_cellvars'). Returns a new reference to a PyTupleObject containing the names of the local variables that are referenced by nested functions. On error, NULL is returned and an exception is raised.

Added in version 3.11.

PyObject *PyCode_GetFreevars(PyCodeObject *co)

Equivalent to the Python code getattr(co, 'co_freevars'). Returns a new reference to a PyTupleObject containing the names of the free (closure) variables. On error, NULL is returned and an exception is raised.

Added in version 3.11.

int PyCode_AddWatcher(PyCode_WatchCallback callback)

Register callback as a code object watcher for the current interpreter. Return an ID which may be passed to PyCode_ClearWatcher(). In case of error (e.g. no more watcher IDs available), return -1 and set an exception.

Added in version 3.12.

int PyCode_ClearWatcher(int watcher_id)

Clear watcher identified by watcher_id previously returned from PyCode_AddWatcher() for the current interpreter. Return 0 on success, or -1 and set an exception on error (e.g. if the given watcher_id was never registered.)

Added in version 3.12.

type PyCodeEvent

Enumeration of possible code object watcher events: - PY_CODE_EVENT_CREATE - PY_CODE_EVENT_DESTROY

Added in version 3.12.

typedef int (*PyCode_WatchCallback)(PyCodeEvent event, PyCodeObject *co)

Type of a code object watcher callback function.

If event is PY_CODE_EVENT_CREATE, then the callback is invoked after co has been fully initialized. Otherwise, the callback is invoked before the destruction of co takes place, so the prior state of co can be inspected.

If event is PY_CODE_EVENT_DESTROY, taking a reference in the callback to the about-to-be-destroyed code object will resurrect it and prevent it from being freed at this time. When the resurrected object is destroyed later, any watcher callbacks active at that time will be called again.

Users of this API should not rely on internal runtime implementation details. Such details may include, but are not limited to, the exact order and timing of creation and destruction of code objects. While changes in these details may result in differences observable by watchers (including whether a callback is invoked or not), it does not change the semantics of the Python code being executed.

If the callback sets an exception, it must return -1; this exception will be printed as an unraisable exception using PyErr_WriteUnraisable(). Otherwise it should return 0.

There may already be a pending exception set on entry to the callback. In this case, the callback should return 0 with the same exception still set. This means the callback may not call any other API that can set an exception unless it saves and clears the exception state first, and restores it before returning.

Added in version 3.12.

Code Object Flags

Code objects contain a bit-field of flags, which can be retrieved as the co_flags Python attribute (for example using PyObject_GetAttrString()), and set using a flags argument to PyUnstable_Code_New() and similar functions.

Flags whose names start with CO_FUTURE_ correspond to features normally selectable by future statements. These flags can be used in PyCompilerFlags.cf_flags. Note that many CO_FUTURE_ flags are mandatory in current versions of Python, and setting them has no effect.

The following flags are available. For their meaning, see the linked documentation of their Python equivalents.

Flag	Meaning
CO_OPTIMIZED	inspect.CO_OPTIMIZED
CO_NEWLOCALS	inspect.CO_NEWLOCALS
CO_VARARGS	inspect.CO_VARARGS
CO_VARKEYWORDS	inspect.CO_VARKEYWORDS
CO_NESTED	inspect.CO_NESTED
CO_GENERATOR	inspect.CO_GENERATOR
CO_COROUTINE	inspect.CO_COROUTINE
CO_ITERABLE_COROUTINE	inspect.CO_ITERABLE_COROUTINE
CO_ASYNC_GENERATOR	inspect.CO_ASYNC_GENERATOR
CO_HAS_DOCSTRING	inspect.CO_HAS_DOCSTRING
CO_METHOD	inspect.CO_METHOD
CO_FUTURE_DIVISION	no effect (__future__.division)
CO_FUTURE_ABSOLUTE_IMPORT	no effect (__future__.absolute_import)
CO_FUTURE_WITH_STATEMENT	no effect (__future__.with_statement)
CO_FUTURE_PRINT_FUNCTION	no effect (__future__.print_function)
CO_FUTURE_UNICODE_LITERALS	no effect (__future__.unicode_literals)
CO_FUTURE_GENERATOR_STOP	no effect (__future__.generator_stop)
CO_FUTURE_ANNOTATIONS	__future__.annotations

Extra information

To support low-level extensions to frame evaluation, such as external just-in-time compilers, it is possible to attach arbitrary extra data to code objects.

These functions are part of the unstable C API tier: this functionality is a CPython implementation detail, and the API may change without deprecation warnings.

Py_ssize_t PyUnstable_Eval_RequestCodeExtraIndex(freefunc free)

이것은 불안정 API. It may change without warning in minor releases.

Return a new opaque index value used to adding data to code objects.

You generally call this function once (per interpreter) and use the result with PyCode_GetExtra and PyCode_SetExtra to manipulate data on individual code objects.

If free is not NULL: when a code object is deallocated, free will be called on non-NULL data stored under the new index. Use Py_DecRef() when storing PyObject.

Added in version 3.6: as _PyEval_RequestCodeExtraIndex

버전 3.12에서 변경: Renamed to PyUnstable_Eval_RequestCodeExtraIndex. The old private name is deprecated, but will be available until the API changes.

int PyUnstable_Code_GetExtra(PyObject *code, Py_ssize_t index, void **extra)

이것은 불안정 API. It may change without warning in minor releases.

Set extra to the extra data stored under the given index. Return 0 on success. Set an exception and return -1 on failure.

If no data was set under the index, set extra to NULL and return 0 without setting an exception.

Added in version 3.6: as _PyCode_GetExtra

버전 3.12에서 변경: Renamed to PyUnstable_Code_GetExtra. The old private name is deprecated, but will be available until the API changes.

int PyUnstable_Code_SetExtra(PyObject *code, Py_ssize_t index, void *extra)

이것은 불안정 API. It may change without warning in minor releases.

Set the extra data stored under the given index to extra. Return 0 on success. Set an exception and return -1 on failure.

Added in version 3.6: as _PyCode_SetExtra

버전 3.12에서 변경: Renamed to PyUnstable_Code_SetExtra. The old private name is deprecated, but will be available until the API changes.