The Python standard library

This library reference manual describes the standard library distributed with Python. It also describes some of the optional components that are commonly included in Python distributions.

Elsewhere, Referensi Bahasa Python describes the exact syntax and semantics of the Python language, and Python built-ins reference describes the built-in functions.

Python's standard library is extensive, offering a wide range of facilities as indicated by the long table of contents listed below. The library contains built-in modules (written in C) that provide access to system functionality such as file I/O that would otherwise be inaccessible to Python programmers, as well as modules written in Python that provide standardized solutions for many problems that occur in everyday programming. Some of these modules are explicitly designed to encourage and enhance the portability of Python programs by abstracting away platform-specifics into platform-neutral APIs.

Pemasang Python untuk platform Windows biasanya menyertakan seluruh pustaka standar dan sering juga menyertakan banyak komponen tambahan. Untuk sistem operasi mirip Unix, Python biasanya disediakan sebagai kumpulan paket, jadi mungkin perlu menggunakan alat pengemasan yang disediakan dengan sistem operasi untuk mendapatkan beberapa atau semua komponen opsional.

In addition to the standard library, there is an active collection of hundreds of thousands of components (from individual programs and modules to packages and entire application development frameworks), available from the Python Package Index.

• Pengantar
  • Catatan tentang ketersediaan
• Layanan Pemrosesan Teks
  • string --- Common string operations
  • string.templatelib --- Support for template string literals
  • re --- Regular expression operations
  • difflib --- Helpers for computing deltas
  • textwrap --- Text wrapping and filling
  • unicodedata --- Unicode Database
  • stringprep --- Internet String Preparation
  • readline --- GNU readline interface
  • rlcompleter --- Completion function for GNU readline
• Servis Data Binary
  • struct --- Interpret bytes as packed binary data
  • codecs --- Codec registry and base classes
• Tipe Data
  • datetime --- Basic date and time types
  • zoneinfo --- IANA time zone support
  • calendar --- General calendar-related functions
  • collections --- Container datatypes
  • collections.abc --- Abstract Base Classes for Containers
  • heapq --- Heap queue algorithm
  • bisect --- Array bisection algorithm
  • array --- Efficient arrays of numeric values
  • weakref --- Weak references
  • types --- Dynamic type creation and names for built-in types
  • copy --- Shallow and deep copy operations
  • pprint --- Data pretty printer
  • reprlib --- Alternate repr() implementation
  • enum --- Support for enumerations
  • graphlib --- Functionality to operate with graph-like structures
• Modul Numerik dan Matematika
  • numbers --- Numeric abstract base classes
  • math --- Mathematical functions
  • cmath --- Mathematical functions for complex numbers
  • decimal --- Decimal fixed-point and floating-point arithmetic
  • fractions --- Rational numbers
  • random --- Generate pseudo-random numbers
  • statistics --- Mathematical statistics functions
• Modul Pemrograman Fungsional
  • itertools --- Functions creating iterators for efficient looping
  • functools --- Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects
  • operator --- Standard operators as functions
• File and Directory Access
  • pathlib --- Object-oriented filesystem paths
  • os.path --- Common pathname manipulations
  • stat --- Interpreting stat() results
  • filecmp --- File and Directory Comparisons
  • tempfile --- Generate temporary files and directories
  • glob --- Unix style pathname pattern expansion
  • fnmatch --- Unix filename pattern matching
  • linecache --- Random access to text lines
  • shutil --- High-level file operations
• Persistensi Data
  • pickle --- Python object serialization
  • copyreg --- Register pickle support functions
  • shelve --- Python object persistence
  • marshal --- Internal Python object serialization
  • dbm --- Interfaces to Unix "databases"
  • sqlite3 --- DB-API 2.0 interface for SQLite databases
• Kompresi Data dan Pengarsipan
  • The compression package
  • compression.zstd --- Compression compatible with the Zstandard format
  • zlib --- Compression compatible with gzip
  • gzip --- Support for gzip files
  • bz2 --- Support for bzip2 compression
  • lzma --- Compression using the LZMA algorithm
  • zipfile --- Work with ZIP archives
  • tarfile --- Read and write tar archive files
• File Formats
  • csv --- CSV File Reading and Writing
  • configparser --- Configuration file parser
  • tomllib --- Parse TOML files
  • netrc --- netrc file processing
  • plistlib --- Generate and parse Apple .plist files
• Layanan Kriptografi
  • hashlib --- Secure hashes and message digests
  • hmac --- Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication
  • secrets --- Generate secure random numbers for managing secrets
• Layanan Sistem Operasi Generik
  • os --- Miscellaneous operating system interfaces
  • io --- Core tools for working with streams
  • time --- Time access and conversions
  • logging --- Logging facility for Python
  • logging.config --- Logging configuration
  • logging.handlers --- Logging handlers
  • platform --- Access to underlying platform's identifying data
  • errno --- Standard errno system symbols
  • ctypes --- A foreign function library for Python
• Command-line interface libraries
  • argparse --- Parser for command-line options, arguments and subcommands
  • optparse --- Parser for command line options
  • getpass --- Portable password input
  • fileinput --- Iterate over lines from multiple input streams
  • curses --- Terminal handling for character-cell displays
  • curses.textpad --- Text input widget for curses programs
  • curses.ascii --- Utilities for ASCII characters
  • curses.panel --- A panel stack extension for curses
  • cmd --- Support for line-oriented command interpreters
• Eksekusi Serentak
  • threading --- Thread-based parallelism
  • multiprocessing --- Process-based parallelism
  • multiprocessing.shared_memory --- Shared memory for direct access across processes
  • The concurrent package
  • concurrent.futures --- Launching parallel tasks
  • concurrent.interpreters --- Multiple interpreters in the same process
  • subprocess --- Subprocess management
  • sched --- Event scheduler
  • queue --- A synchronized queue class
  • contextvars --- Context Variables
  • _thread --- Low-level threading API
• Komunikasi Interproses dan Networking
  • asyncio --- Asynchronous I/O
  • socket --- Low-level networking interface
  • ssl --- TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects
  • select --- Waiting for I/O completion
  • selectors --- High-level I/O multiplexing
  • signal --- Set handlers for asynchronous events
  • mmap --- Memory-mapped file support
• Penanganan Data Internet
  • email --- An email and MIME handling package
  • json --- JSON encoder and decoder
  • mailbox --- Manipulate mailboxes in various formats
  • mimetypes --- Map filenames to MIME types
  • base64 --- Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 Data Encodings
  • binascii --- Convert between binary and ASCII
  • quopri --- Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable data
• Alat Pemroses Markup Terstruktur
  • html --- HyperText Markup Language support
  • html.parser --- Simple HTML and XHTML parser
  • html.entities --- Definitions of HTML general entities
  • XML Processing Modules
  • xml.etree.ElementTree --- The ElementTree XML API
  • xml.dom --- The Document Object Model API
  • xml.dom.minidom --- Minimal DOM implementation
  • xml.dom.pulldom --- Support for building partial DOM trees
  • xml.sax --- Support for SAX2 parsers
  • xml.sax.handler --- Base classes for SAX handlers
  • xml.sax.saxutils --- SAX Utilities
  • xml.sax.xmlreader --- Interface for XML parsers
  • xml.parsers.expat --- Fast XML parsing using Expat
• Protokol Internet dan Dukungan
  • webbrowser --- Convenient web-browser controller
  • wsgiref --- WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation
  • urllib --- URL handling modules
  • urllib.request --- Extensible library for opening URLs
  • urllib.response --- Response classes used by urllib
  • urllib.parse --- Parse URLs into components
  • urllib.error --- Exception classes raised by urllib.request
  • urllib.robotparser --- Parser for robots.txt
  • http --- HTTP modules
  • http.client --- HTTP protocol client
  • ftplib --- FTP protocol client
  • poplib --- POP3 protocol client
  • imaplib --- IMAP4 protocol client
  • smtplib --- SMTP protocol client
  • uuid --- UUID objects according to RFC 9562
  • socketserver --- A framework for network servers
  • http.server --- HTTP servers
  • http.cookies --- HTTP state management
  • http.cookiejar --- Cookie handling for HTTP clients
  • xmlrpc --- XMLRPC server and client modules
  • xmlrpc.client --- akses klien XML-RPC
  • xmlrpc.server --- Basic XML-RPC servers
  • ipaddress --- IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library
• Layanan Multimedia
  • wave --- Read and write WAV files
  • colorsys --- Conversions between color systems
• Internasionalisasi
  • gettext --- Multilingual internationalization services
  • locale --- Internationalization services
• Graphical user interfaces with Tk
  • tkinter --- Python interface to Tcl/Tk
  • tkinter.colorchooser --- Color choosing dialog
  • tkinter.font --- Tkinter font wrapper
  • Tkinter dialogs
  • tkinter.messagebox --- Tkinter message prompts
  • tkinter.scrolledtext --- Scrolled text widget
  • tkinter.dnd --- Drag and drop support
  • tkinter.ttk --- Tk themed widgets
  • IDLE --- Python editor and shell
  • turtle --- Turtle graphics
• Alat Pengembangan
  • typing --- Support for type hints
  • pydoc --- Documentation generator and online help system
  • Python Development Mode
  • doctest --- Test interactive Python examples
  • unittest --- Unit testing framework
  • unittest.mock --- mock object library
  • unittest.mock --- getting started
  • test --- Regression tests package for Python
  • test.support --- Utilities for the Python test suite
  • test.support.socket_helper --- Utilities for socket tests
  • test.support.script_helper --- Utilities for the Python execution tests
  • test.support.bytecode_helper --- Support tools for testing correct bytecode generation
  • test.support.threading_helper --- Utilities for threading tests
  • test.support.os_helper --- Utilities for os tests
  • test.support.import_helper --- Utilities for import tests
  • test.support.warnings_helper --- Utilities for warnings tests
• Debugging and Profiling
  • Audit events table
  • bdb --- Debugger framework
  • faulthandler --- Dump the Python traceback
  • pdb --- The Python Debugger
  • The Python Profilers
  • timeit --- Measure execution time of small code snippets
  • trace --- Trace or track Python statement execution
  • tracemalloc --- Trace memory allocations
• Pengemasan dan Distribusi Perangkat Lunak
  • ensurepip --- Bootstrapping the pip installer
  • venv --- Creation of virtual environments
  • zipapp --- Manage executable Python zip archives
• Layanan Runtime Python
  • sys --- System-specific parameters and functions
  • sys.monitoring --- Execution event monitoring
  • sysconfig --- Provide access to Python's configuration information
  • builtins --- Built-in objects
  • __main__ --- Top-level code environment
  • warnings --- Warning control
  • dataclasses --- Data Classes
  • contextlib --- Utilities for with-statement contexts
  • abc --- Abstract Base Classes
  • atexit --- Exit handlers
  • traceback --- Print or retrieve a stack traceback
  • __future__ --- Future statement definitions
  • gc --- Garbage Collector interface
  • inspect --- Inspect live objects
  • annotationlib --- Functionality for introspecting annotations
  • site --- Site-specific configuration hook
• Ubahsuaian Interpreter Python
  • code --- Interpreter base classes
  • codeop --- Compile Python code
• Mengimpor Modul
  • zipimport --- Import modules from Zip archives
  • pkgutil --- Package extension utility
  • modulefinder --- Find modules used by a script
  • runpy --- Locating and executing Python modules
  • importlib --- The implementation of import
  • importlib.resources -- Package resource reading, opening and access
  • importlib.resources.abc -- Abstract base classes for resources
  • importlib.metadata -- Accessing package metadata
  • The initialization of the sys.path module search path
• Layanan Bahasa Python
  • ast --- Abstract syntax trees
  • symtable --- Access to the compiler's symbol tables
  • token --- Constants used with Python parse trees
  • keyword --- Testing for Python keywords
  • tokenize --- Tokenizer for Python source
  • tabnanny --- Detection of ambiguous indentation
  • pyclbr --- Python module browser support
  • py_compile --- Compile Python source files
  • compileall --- Byte-compile Python libraries
  • dis --- Disassembler for Python bytecode
  • pickletools --- Tools for pickle developers
• Layanan MS Windows Spesifik
  • msvcrt --- Useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime
  • winreg --- Windows registry access
  • winsound --- Sound-playing interface for Windows
• Unix-specific services
  • shlex --- Simple lexical analysis
  • posix --- The most common POSIX system calls
  • pwd --- The password database
  • grp --- The group database
  • termios --- POSIX style tty control
  • tty --- Terminal control functions
  • pty --- Pseudo-terminal utilities
  • fcntl --- The fcntl and ioctl system calls
  • resource --- Resource usage information
  • syslog --- Unix syslog library routines
• Modules command-line interface (CLI)
• Superseded Modules
  • getopt --- C-style parser for command line options
• Removed Modules
• Security Considerations