字典物件¶
-
PyTypeObject PyDict_Type¶
- 為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.
PyTypeObject
實例代表一個 Python 字典型態。此與 Python 層中的dict
為同一個物件。
-
PyObject *PyDict_New()¶
- 回傳值:新的參照。 為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.
回傳一個新的空字典,或在失敗時回傳
NULL
。
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PyObject *PyDictProxy_New(PyObject *mapping)¶
- 回傳值:新的參照。 為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.
Return a
types.MappingProxyType
object for a mapping which enforces read-only behavior. This is normally used to create a view to prevent modification of the dictionary for non-dynamic class types.
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void PyDict_Clear(PyObject *p)¶
- 為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.
清空現有字典中的所有鍵值對。
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int PyDict_Contains(PyObject *p, PyObject *key)¶
- 為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.
Determine if dictionary p contains key. If an item in p is matches key, return
1
, otherwise return0
. On error, return-1
. This is equivalent to the Python expressionkey in p
.
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int PyDict_ContainsString(PyObject *p, const char *key)¶
This is the same as
PyDict_Contains()
, but key is specified as a const char* UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than a PyObject*.在 3.13 版被加入.
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PyObject *PyDict_Copy(PyObject *p)¶
- 回傳值:新的參照。 為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.
Return a new dictionary that contains the same key-value pairs as p.
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int PyDict_SetItem(PyObject *p, PyObject *key, PyObject *val)¶
- 為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.
Insert val into the dictionary p with a key of key. key must be hashable; if it isn't,
TypeError
will be raised. Return0
on success or-1
on failure. This function does not steal a reference to val.
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int PyDict_SetItemString(PyObject *p, const char *key, PyObject *val)¶
- 為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.
This is the same as
PyDict_SetItem()
, but key is specified as a const char* UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than a PyObject*.
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int PyDict_DelItem(PyObject *p, PyObject *key)¶
- 為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.
Remove the entry in dictionary p with key key. key must be hashable; if it isn't,
TypeError
is raised. If key is not in the dictionary,KeyError
is raised. Return0
on success or-1
on failure.
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int PyDict_DelItemString(PyObject *p, const char *key)¶
- 為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.
This is the same as
PyDict_DelItem()
, but key is specified as a const char* UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than a PyObject*.
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int PyDict_GetItemRef(PyObject *p, PyObject *key, PyObject **result)¶
- 為 穩定 ABI 的一部分 自 3.13 版本開始.
Return a new strong reference to the object from dictionary p which has a key key:
If the key is present, set *result to a new strong reference to the value and return
1
.If the key is missing, set *result to
NULL
and return0
.On error, raise an exception and return
-1
.
在 3.13 版被加入.
See also the
PyObject_GetItem()
function.
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PyObject *PyDict_GetItem(PyObject *p, PyObject *key)¶
- 回傳值:借用參照。 為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.
Return a borrowed reference to the object from dictionary p which has a key key. Return
NULL
if the key key is missing without setting an exception.備註
Exceptions that occur while this calls
__hash__()
and__eq__()
methods are silently ignored. Prefer thePyDict_GetItemWithError()
function instead.在 3.10 版的變更: Calling this API without GIL held had been allowed for historical reason. It is no longer allowed.
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PyObject *PyDict_GetItemWithError(PyObject *p, PyObject *key)¶
- 回傳值:借用參照。 為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.
Variant of
PyDict_GetItem()
that does not suppress exceptions. ReturnNULL
with an exception set if an exception occurred. ReturnNULL
without an exception set if the key wasn't present.
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PyObject *PyDict_GetItemString(PyObject *p, const char *key)¶
- 回傳值:借用參照。 為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.
This is the same as
PyDict_GetItem()
, but key is specified as a const char* UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than a PyObject*.備註
Exceptions that occur while this calls
__hash__()
and__eq__()
methods or while creating the temporarystr
object are silently ignored. Prefer using thePyDict_GetItemWithError()
function with your ownPyUnicode_FromString()
key instead.
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int PyDict_GetItemStringRef(PyObject *p, const char *key, PyObject **result)¶
- 為 穩定 ABI 的一部分 自 3.13 版本開始.
Similar than
PyDict_GetItemRef()
, but key is specified as a const char* UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than a PyObject*.在 3.13 版被加入.
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PyObject *PyDict_SetDefault(PyObject *p, PyObject *key, PyObject *defaultobj)¶
- 回傳值:借用參照。
This is the same as the Python-level
dict.setdefault()
. If present, it returns the value corresponding to key from the dictionary p. If the key is not in the dict, it is inserted with value defaultobj and defaultobj is returned. This function evaluates the hash function of key only once, instead of evaluating it independently for the lookup and the insertion.在 3.4 版被加入.
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int PyDict_SetDefaultRef(PyObject *p, PyObject *key, PyObject *default_value, PyObject **result)¶
Inserts default_value into the dictionary p with a key of key if the key is not already present in the dictionary. If result is not
NULL
, then *result is set to a strong reference to either default_value, if the key was not present, or the existing value, if key was already present in the dictionary. Returns1
if the key was present and default_value was not inserted, or0
if the key was not present and default_value was inserted. On failure, returns-1
, sets an exception, and sets*result
toNULL
.For clarity: if you have a strong reference to default_value before calling this function, then after it returns, you hold a strong reference to both default_value and *result (if it's not
NULL
). These may refer to the same object: in that case you hold two separate references to it.在 3.13 版被加入.
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int PyDict_Pop(PyObject *p, PyObject *key, PyObject **result)¶
Remove key from dictionary p and optionally return the removed value. Do not raise
KeyError
if the key missing.If the key is present, set *result to a new reference to the removed value if result is not
NULL
, and return1
.If the key is missing, set *result to
NULL
if result is notNULL
, and return0
.On error, raise an exception and return
-1
.
This is similar to
dict.pop()
, but without the default value and not raisingKeyError
if the key missing.在 3.13 版被加入.
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int PyDict_PopString(PyObject *p, const char *key, PyObject **result)¶
Similar to
PyDict_Pop()
, but key is specified as a const char* UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than a PyObject*.在 3.13 版被加入.
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PyObject *PyDict_Items(PyObject *p)¶
- 回傳值:新的參照。 為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.
Return a
PyListObject
containing all the items from the dictionary.
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PyObject *PyDict_Keys(PyObject *p)¶
- 回傳值:新的參照。 為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.
Return a
PyListObject
containing all the keys from the dictionary.
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PyObject *PyDict_Values(PyObject *p)¶
- 回傳值:新的參照。 為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.
Return a
PyListObject
containing all the values from the dictionary p.
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Py_ssize_t PyDict_Size(PyObject *p)¶
- 為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.
Return the number of items in the dictionary. This is equivalent to
len(p)
on a dictionary.
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int PyDict_Next(PyObject *p, Py_ssize_t *ppos, PyObject **pkey, PyObject **pvalue)¶
- 為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.
Iterate over all key-value pairs in the dictionary p. The
Py_ssize_t
referred to by ppos must be initialized to0
prior to the first call to this function to start the iteration; the function returns true for each pair in the dictionary, and false once all pairs have been reported. The parameters pkey and pvalue should either point to PyObject* variables that will be filled in with each key and value, respectively, or may beNULL
. Any references returned through them are borrowed. ppos should not be altered during iteration. Its value represents offsets within the internal dictionary structure, and since the structure is sparse, the offsets are not consecutive.舉例來說:
PyObject *key, *value; Py_ssize_t pos = 0; while (PyDict_Next(self->dict, &pos, &key, &value)) { /* do something interesting with the values... */ ... }
The dictionary p should not be mutated during iteration. It is safe to modify the values of the keys as you iterate over the dictionary, but only so long as the set of keys does not change. For example:
PyObject *key, *value; Py_ssize_t pos = 0; while (PyDict_Next(self->dict, &pos, &key, &value)) { long i = PyLong_AsLong(value); if (i == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) { return -1; } PyObject *o = PyLong_FromLong(i + 1); if (o == NULL) return -1; if (PyDict_SetItem(self->dict, key, o) < 0) { Py_DECREF(o); return -1; } Py_DECREF(o); }
The function is not thread-safe in the free-threaded build without external synchronization. You can use
Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION
to lock the dictionary while iterating over it:Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(self->dict); while (PyDict_Next(self->dict, &pos, &key, &value)) { ... } Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
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int PyDict_Merge(PyObject *a, PyObject *b, int override)¶
- 為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.
Iterate over mapping object b adding key-value pairs to dictionary a. b may be a dictionary, or any object supporting
PyMapping_Keys()
andPyObject_GetItem()
. If override is true, existing pairs in a will be replaced if a matching key is found in b, otherwise pairs will only be added if there is not a matching key in a. Return0
on success or-1
if an exception was raised.
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int PyDict_Update(PyObject *a, PyObject *b)¶
- 為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.
This is the same as
PyDict_Merge(a, b, 1)
in C, and is similar toa.update(b)
in Python except thatPyDict_Update()
doesn't fall back to the iterating over a sequence of key value pairs if the second argument has no "keys" attribute. Return0
on success or-1
if an exception was raised.
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int PyDict_MergeFromSeq2(PyObject *a, PyObject *seq2, int override)¶
- 為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.
Update or merge into dictionary a, from the key-value pairs in seq2. seq2 must be an iterable object producing iterable objects of length 2, viewed as key-value pairs. In case of duplicate keys, the last wins if override is true, else the first wins. Return
0
on success or-1
if an exception was raised. Equivalent Python (except for the return value):def PyDict_MergeFromSeq2(a, seq2, override): for key, value in seq2: if override or key not in a: a[key] = value
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int PyDict_AddWatcher(PyDict_WatchCallback callback)¶
Register callback as a dictionary watcher. Return a non-negative integer id which must be passed to future calls to
PyDict_Watch()
. In case of error (e.g. no more watcher IDs available), return-1
and set an exception.在 3.12 版被加入.
-
int PyDict_ClearWatcher(int watcher_id)¶
Clear watcher identified by watcher_id previously returned from
PyDict_AddWatcher()
. Return0
on success,-1
on error (e.g. if the given watcher_id was never registered.)在 3.12 版被加入.
-
int PyDict_Watch(int watcher_id, PyObject *dict)¶
Mark dictionary dict as watched. The callback granted watcher_id by
PyDict_AddWatcher()
will be called when dict is modified or deallocated. Return0
on success or-1
on error.在 3.12 版被加入.
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int PyDict_Unwatch(int watcher_id, PyObject *dict)¶
Mark dictionary dict as no longer watched. The callback granted watcher_id by
PyDict_AddWatcher()
will no longer be called when dict is modified or deallocated. The dict must previously have been watched by this watcher. Return0
on success or-1
on error.在 3.12 版被加入.
-
type PyDict_WatchEvent¶
Enumeration of possible dictionary watcher events:
PyDict_EVENT_ADDED
,PyDict_EVENT_MODIFIED
,PyDict_EVENT_DELETED
,PyDict_EVENT_CLONED
,PyDict_EVENT_CLEARED
, orPyDict_EVENT_DEALLOCATED
.在 3.12 版被加入.
-
typedef int (*PyDict_WatchCallback)(PyDict_WatchEvent event, PyObject *dict, PyObject *key, PyObject *new_value)¶
Type of a dict watcher callback function.
If event is
PyDict_EVENT_CLEARED
orPyDict_EVENT_DEALLOCATED
, both key and new_value will beNULL
. If event isPyDict_EVENT_ADDED
orPyDict_EVENT_MODIFIED
, new_value will be the new value for key. If event isPyDict_EVENT_DELETED
, key is being deleted from the dictionary and new_value will beNULL
.PyDict_EVENT_CLONED
occurs when dict was previously empty and another dict is merged into it. To maintain efficiency of this operation, per-keyPyDict_EVENT_ADDED
events are not issued in this case; instead a singlePyDict_EVENT_CLONED
is issued, and key will be the source dictionary.The callback may inspect but must not modify dict; doing so could have unpredictable effects, including infinite recursion. Do not trigger Python code execution in the callback, as it could modify the dict as a side effect.
If event is
PyDict_EVENT_DEALLOCATED
, taking a new reference in the callback to the about-to-be-destroyed dictionary will resurrect it and prevent it from being freed at this time. When the resurrected object is destroyed later, any watcher callbacks active at that time will be called again.Callbacks occur before the notified modification to dict takes place, so the prior state of dict can be inspected.
If the callback sets an exception, it must return
-1
; this exception will be printed as an unraisable exception usingPyErr_WriteUnraisable()
. Otherwise it should return0
.There may already be a pending exception set on entry to the callback. In this case, the callback should return
0
with the same exception still set. This means the callback may not call any other API that can set an exception unless it saves and clears the exception state first, and restores it before returning.在 3.12 版被加入.