8.15. types — Names for built-in types

源代码: Lib/types.py

This module defines names for some object types that are used by the standard Python interpreter, but not for the types defined by various extension modules. Also, it does not include some of the types that arise during processing such as the listiterator type. It is safe to use from types import * — the module does not export any names besides the ones listed here. New names exported by future versions of this module will all end in Type.

Typical use is for functions that do different things depending on their argument types, like the following:

from types import *
def delete(mylist, item):
    if type(item) is IntType:
       del mylist[item]
    else:
       mylist.remove(item)

Starting in Python 2.2, built-in factory functions such as int() and str() are also names for the corresponding types. This is now the preferred way to access the type instead of using the types module. Accordingly, the example above should be written as follows:

def delete(mylist, item):
    if isinstance(item, int):
       del mylist[item]
    else:
       mylist.remove(item)

The module defines the following names:

types.NoneType

The type of None.

types.TypeType

The type of type objects (such as returned by type()); alias of the built-in type.

types.BooleanType

The type of the bool values True and False; alias of the built-in bool.

2.3 新版功能.

types.IntType

The type of integers (e.g. 1); alias of the built-in int.

types.LongType

The type of long integers (e.g. 1L); alias of the built-in long.

types.FloatType

The type of floating point numbers (e.g. 1.0); alias of the built-in float.

types.ComplexType

The type of complex numbers (e.g. 1.0j). This is not defined if Python was built without complex number support.

types.StringType

The type of character strings (e.g. 'Spam'); alias of the built-in str.

types.UnicodeType

The type of Unicode character strings (e.g. u'Spam'). This is not defined if Python was built without Unicode support. It’s an alias of the built-in unicode.

types.TupleType

The type of tuples (e.g. (1, 2, 3, 'Spam')); alias of the built-in tuple.

types.ListType

The type of lists (e.g. [0, 1, 2, 3]); alias of the built-in list.

types.DictType

The type of dictionaries (e.g. {'Bacon': 1, 'Ham': 0}); alias of the built-in dict.

types.DictionaryType

An alternate name for DictType.

types.FunctionType
types.LambdaType

The type of user-defined functions and functions created by lambda expressions.

types.GeneratorType

The type of generator-iterator objects, produced by calling a generator function.

2.2 新版功能.

types.CodeType

代码对象的类型，例如 compile() 的返回值。

types.ClassType

The type of user-defined old-style classes.

types.InstanceType

The type of instances of user-defined old-style classes.

types.MethodType

用户自定义类实例方法的类型。

types.UnboundMethodType

An alternate name for MethodType.

types.BuiltinFunctionType
types.BuiltinMethodType

内置函数例如 len() 或 sys.exit() 以及内置类方法的类型。 （这里所说的“内置”是指“以 C 语言编写”。）

types.ModuleType

The type of modules.

types.FileType

The type of open file objects such as sys.stdout; alias of the built-in file.

types.XRangeType

The type of range objects returned by xrange(); alias of the built-in xrange.

types.SliceType

The type of objects returned by slice(); alias of the built-in slice.

types.EllipsisType

The type of Ellipsis.

types.TracebackType

The type of traceback objects such as found in sys.exc_traceback.

types.FrameType

帧对象的类型，例如 tb.tb_frame 中的对象，其中 tb 是一个回溯对象。

types.BufferType

The type of buffer objects created by the buffer() function.

types.DictProxyType

The type of dict proxies, such as TypeType.__dict__.

types.NotImplementedType

The type of NotImplemented

types.GetSetDescriptorType

使用 PyGetSetDef 在扩展模块中定义的对象的类型，例如 FrameType.f_locals 或 array.array.typecode。 此类型被用作对象属性的描述器；它的目的与 property 类型相同，但专门针对在扩展模块中定义的类。

2.5 新版功能.

types.MemberDescriptorType

使用 PyMemberDef 在扩展模块中定义的对象的类型，例如 datetime.timedelta.days。 此类型被用作使用标准转换函数的简单 C 数据成员的描述器；它的目的与 property 类型相同，但专门针对在扩展模块中定义的类。

在 Python 的其它实现中，此类型可能与 GetSetDescriptorType 完全相同。

2.5 新版功能.

types.StringTypes

A sequence containing StringType and UnicodeType used to facilitate easier checking for any string object. Using this is more portable than using a sequence of the two string types constructed elsewhere since it only contains UnicodeType if it has been built in the running version of Python. For example: isinstance(s, types.StringTypes).

2.2 新版功能.