型オブジェクト

type PyTypeObject
次に属します: Limited API (不透明な構造体として).

組み込み型を記述する際に用いられる、オブジェクトを表す C 構造体です。

PyTypeObject PyType_Type
次に属します: Stable ABI.

型オブジェクト自身の型オブジェクトです。Python レイヤにおける type と同じオブジェクトです。

int PyType_Check(PyObject *o)

Return non-zero if the object o is a type object, including instances of types derived from the standard type object. Return 0 in all other cases. This function always succeeds.

int PyType_CheckExact(PyObject *o)

Return non-zero if the object o is a type object, but not a subtype of the standard type object. Return 0 in all other cases. This function always succeeds.

unsigned int PyType_ClearCache()
次に属します: Stable ABI.

内部の検索キャッシュをクリアします。現在のバージョンタグを返します。

unsigned long PyType_GetFlags(PyTypeObject *type)
次に属します: Stable ABI.

Return the tp_flags member of type. This function is primarily meant for use with Py_LIMITED_API; the individual flag bits are guaranteed to be stable across Python releases, but access to tp_flags itself is not part of the limited API.

バージョン 3.2 で追加.

バージョン 3.4 で変更: 返り値の型が long ではなく unsigned long になりました。

void PyType_Modified(PyTypeObject *type)
次に属します: Stable ABI.

内部の検索キャッシュを、その type とすべてのサブタイプに対して無効にします。この関数は type の属性や基底クラス列を変更したあとに手動で呼び出さなければなりません。

int PyType_HasFeature(PyTypeObject *o, int feature)

Return non-zero if the type object o sets the feature feature. Type features are denoted by single bit flags.

int PyType_IS_GC(PyTypeObject *o)

Return true if the type object includes support for the cycle detector; this tests the type flag Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC.

int PyType_IsSubtype(PyTypeObject *a, PyTypeObject *b)
次に属します: Stable ABI.

a が b のサブタイプの場合に真を返します。

This function only checks for actual subtypes, which means that __subclasscheck__() is not called on b. Call PyObject_IsSubclass() to do the same check that issubclass() would do.

PyObject *PyType_GenericAlloc(PyTypeObject *type, Py_ssize_t nitems)
戻り値: 新しい参照。 次に属します: Stable ABI.

Generic handler for the tp_alloc slot of a type object. Use Python's default memory allocation mechanism to allocate a new instance and initialize all its contents to NULL.

PyObject *PyType_GenericNew(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
戻り値: 新しい参照。 次に属します: Stable ABI.

Generic handler for the tp_new slot of a type object. Create a new instance using the type's tp_alloc slot.

int PyType_Ready(PyTypeObject *type)
次に属します: Stable ABI.

型オブジェクトのファイナライズを行います。この関数は全てのオブジェクトで初期化を完了するために呼び出されなくてはなりません。この関数は、基底クラス型から継承したスロットを型オブジェクトに追加する役割があります。成功した場合には 0 を返し、エラーの場合には -1 を返して例外情報を設定します。

注釈

If some of the base classes implements the GC protocol and the provided type does not include the Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC in its flags, then the GC protocol will be automatically implemented from its parents. On the contrary, if the type being created does include Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC in its flags then it must implement the GC protocol itself by at least implementing the tp_traverse handle.

PyObject *PyType_GetName(PyTypeObject *type)
戻り値: 新しい参照。 次に属します: Stable ABI (バージョン 3.11 より).

Return the type's name. Equivalent to getting the type's __name__ attribute.

バージョン 3.11 で追加.

PyObject *PyType_GetQualName(PyTypeObject *type)
戻り値: 新しい参照。 次に属します: Stable ABI (バージョン 3.11 より).

Return the type's qualified name. Equivalent to getting the type's __qualname__ attribute.

バージョン 3.11 で追加.

void *PyType_GetSlot(PyTypeObject *type, int slot)
次に属します: Stable ABI (バージョン 3.4 より).

与えられたスロットに格納されている関数ポインタを返します。返り値が NULL の場合は、スロットが NULL か、関数が不正な引数で呼ばれたことを示します。通常、呼び出し側は返り値のポインタを適切な関数型にキャストします。

See PyType_Slot.slot for possible values of the slot argument.

バージョン 3.4 で追加.

バージョン 3.10 で変更: PyType_GetSlot() can now accept all types. Previously, it was limited to heap types.

PyObject *PyType_GetModule(PyTypeObject *type)
次に属します: Stable ABI (バージョン 3.10 より).

Return the module object associated with the given type when the type was created using PyType_FromModuleAndSpec().

If no module is associated with the given type, sets TypeError and returns NULL.

This function is usually used to get the module in which a method is defined. Note that in such a method, PyType_GetModule(Py_TYPE(self)) may not return the intended result. Py_TYPE(self) may be a subclass of the intended class, and subclasses are not necessarily defined in the same module as their superclass. See PyCMethod to get the class that defines the method. See PyType_GetModuleByDef() for cases when PyCMethod cannot be used.

バージョン 3.9 で追加.

void *PyType_GetModuleState(PyTypeObject *type)
次に属します: Stable ABI (バージョン 3.10 より).

Return the state of the module object associated with the given type. This is a shortcut for calling PyModule_GetState() on the result of PyType_GetModule().

If no module is associated with the given type, sets TypeError and returns NULL.

If the type has an associated module but its state is NULL, returns NULL without setting an exception.

バージョン 3.9 で追加.

PyObject *PyType_GetModuleByDef(PyTypeObject *type, struct PyModuleDef *def)

Find the first superclass whose module was created from the given PyModuleDef def, and return that module.

If no module is found, raises a TypeError and returns NULL.

This function is intended to be used together with PyModule_GetState() to get module state from slot methods (such as tp_init or nb_add) and other places where a method's defining class cannot be passed using the PyCMethod calling convention.

バージョン 3.11 で追加.

Creating Heap-Allocated Types

The following functions and structs are used to create heap types.

PyObject *PyType_FromModuleAndSpec(PyObject *module, PyType_Spec *spec, PyObject *bases)
戻り値: 新しい参照。 次に属します: Stable ABI (バージョン 3.10 より).

Creates and returns a heap type from the spec (Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE).

The bases argument can be used to specify base classes; it can either be only one class or a tuple of classes. If bases is NULL, the Py_tp_bases slot is used instead. If that also is NULL, the Py_tp_base slot is used instead. If that also is NULL, the new type derives from object.

The module argument can be used to record the module in which the new class is defined. It must be a module object or NULL. If not NULL, the module is associated with the new type and can later be retrieved with PyType_GetModule(). The associated module is not inherited by subclasses; it must be specified for each class individually.

This function calls PyType_Ready() on the new type.

バージョン 3.9 で追加.

バージョン 3.10 で変更: The function now accepts a single class as the bases argument and NULL as the tp_doc slot.

PyObject *PyType_FromSpecWithBases(PyType_Spec *spec, PyObject *bases)
戻り値: 新しい参照。 次に属します: Stable ABI (バージョン 3.3 より).

Equivalent to PyType_FromModuleAndSpec(NULL, spec, bases).

バージョン 3.3 で追加.

PyObject *PyType_FromSpec(PyType_Spec *spec)
戻り値: 新しい参照。 次に属します: Stable ABI.

Equivalent to PyType_FromSpecWithBases(spec, NULL).

type PyType_Spec
次に属します: Stable ABI (すべてのメンバーを含む).

Structure defining a type's behavior.

const char *PyType_Spec.name

Name of the type, used to set PyTypeObject.tp_name.

int PyType_Spec.basicsize
int PyType_Spec.itemsize

Size of the instance in bytes, used to set PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize and PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize.

int PyType_Spec.flags

Type flags, used to set PyTypeObject.tp_flags.

If the Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE flag is not set, PyType_FromSpecWithBases() sets it automatically.

PyType_Slot *PyType_Spec.slots

Array of PyType_Slot structures. Terminated by the special slot value {0, NULL}.

type PyType_Slot
次に属します: Stable ABI (すべてのメンバーを含む).

Structure defining optional functionality of a type, containing a slot ID and a value pointer.

int PyType_Slot.slot

A slot ID.

Slot IDs are named like the field names of the structures PyTypeObject, PyNumberMethods, PySequenceMethods, PyMappingMethods and PyAsyncMethods with an added Py_ prefix. For example, use:

The following fields cannot be set at all using PyType_Spec and PyType_Slot:

Setting Py_tp_bases or Py_tp_base may be problematic on some platforms. To avoid issues, use the bases argument of PyType_FromSpecWithBases() instead.

バージョン 3.9 で変更: Slots in PyBufferProcs may be set in the unlimited API.

バージョン 3.11 で変更: bf_getbuffer and bf_releasebuffer are now available under the limited API.

void *PyType_Slot.pfunc

The desired value of the slot. In most cases, this is a pointer to a function.

Slots other than Py_tp_doc may not be NULL.