3. Configure

3.1. Configureオプション

次のコマンドで、全ての ./configure オプションを表示できます。

./configure --help

Pythonのソース配布の中の Misc/SpecialBuilds.txt も参照してください。

3.1.1. 一般的なオプション

--enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions

_sqlite 拡張モジュールで、ロード可能な拡張をサポートします。(デフォルト: no)

sqlite3 モジュールの sqlite3.Connection.enable_load_extension() メソッドを参照してください。

バージョン 3.6 で追加.

--disable-ipv6

IPv6サポートを無効にします(サポートされている場合はデフォルトで有効)、 socket モジュールを参照してください。

--enable-big-digits=[15|30]

Python int の桁の大きさをビット単位で定義します: 15ビットまたは30ビットです。

By default, the number of bits is selected depending on sizeof(void*): 30 bits if void* size is 64-bit or larger, 15 bits otherwise.

PYLONG_BITS_IN_DIGIT15 または 30 に定義します。

sys.int_info.bits_per_digit を参照してください。

--with-cxx-main
--with-cxx-main=COMPILER

Python の main() 関数をコンパイルし、C++ コンパイラで Python の実行ファイルをリンクします: C++コンパイラ: $CXX 、または COMPILER が指定されている場合は、そのコンパイラで Python 実行ファイルをリンクします。

--with-suffix=SUFFIX

Python の実行ファイルの接頭辞を SUFFIX に設定します。

The default suffix is .exe on Windows and macOS (python.exe executable), and an empty string on other platforms (python executable).

--with-tzpath=<list of absolute paths separated by pathsep>

デフォルトのタイムゾーン検索パスを zoneinfo.TZPATH に設定します。zoneinfo モジュールの Compile-time configuration を参照してください。

デフォルト: /usr/share/zoneinfo:/usr/lib/zoneinfo:/usr/share/lib/zoneinfo:/etc/zoneinfo

os.pathsep パスセパレータを参照してください。

バージョン 3.9 で追加.

--without-decimal-contextvar

コルーチンローカルコンテキスト(デフォルト)ではなく、スレッドローカルコンテキストを使用して _decimal 拡張モジュールをビルドします。 decimal モジュールを参照してください。

decimal.HAVE_CONTEXTVAR および contextvars モジュールを参照してください。

バージョン 3.9 で追加.

--with-dbmliborder=db1:db2:...

dbm モジュールの DB バックエンドをチェックする順序をオーバーライドします。

有効な値は、バックエンド名をコロン( : )で区切った文字列です:

  • ndbm;

  • gdbm;

  • bdb.

--without-c-locale-coercion

UTF-8 ベースのロケールへの C ロケールの強制を無効にします(デフォルトで有効)。

PY_COERCE_C_LOCALE マクロは定義しないでください。

PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE および PEP 538 を参照してください。

--with-platlibdir=DIRNAME

Python のライブラリディレクトリ名(デフォルトは lib )。

Fedora と SuSE は64ビットプラットフォームで lib64 を使用します。

sys.platlibdir を参照してください。

バージョン 3.9 で追加.

--with-wheel-pkg-dir=PATH

ensurepip モジュールが使用する wheel パッケージのディレクトリです(デフォルトはなし)。

Linux ディストリビューションのパッケージングポリシーの中には、依存関係をバンドルすることを推奨しているものがあります。例えば、 Fedora は wheel パッケージを /usr/share/python-wheels/ ディレクトリにインストールし、 ensurepip._bundled パッケージはインストールしません。

バージョン 3.10 で追加.

3.1.2. Install Options

--prefix=PREFIX

Install architecture-independent files in PREFIX. On Unix, it defaults to /usr/local.

This value can be retrived at runtime using sys.prefix.

As an example, one can use --prefix="$HOME/.local/" to install a Python in its home directory.

--exec-prefix=EPREFIX

Install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX, defaults to --prefix.

This value can be retrived at runtime using sys.exec_prefix.

--disable-test-modules

test パッケージや _testcapi 拡張モジュール(デフォルトでビルド、インストールされます)のようなテストモジュールをビルド、インストールしないようにします。

バージョン 3.10 で追加.

--with-ensurepip=[upgrade|install|no]

Python のインストール時に実行される ensurepip コマンドを選択します:

  • upgrade (デフォルト): python -m ensurepip --altinstall --upgrade コマンドを実行します。

  • install: python -m ensurepip --altinstall コマンドを実行します。

  • no: ensurepip を実行しない;

バージョン 3.6 で追加.

3.1.3. Performance options

Python の構成は、 --enable-optimizations --with-lto (PGO + LTO)を使用すると、最高のパフォーマンスが得られます。

--enable-optimizations

PROFILE_TASK を使用して Profile Guided Optimization (PGO) を有効にします(デフォルトでは無効です)。

Cコンパイラの Clang では、 PGO のために llvm-profdata プログラムが必要です。macOS では、 GCC もこれを必要とします: GCC は macOS の Clang のエイリアスにすぎません。

Disable also semantic interposition in libpython if --enable-shared and GCC is used: add -fno-semantic-interposition to the compiler and linker flags.

バージョン 3.6 で追加.

バージョン 3.10 で変更: GCC で -fno-semantic-interposition を使用する。

PROFILE_TASK

Environment variable used in the Makefile: Python command line arguments for the PGO generation task.

Default: -m test --pgo --timeout=$(TESTTIMEOUT).

バージョン 3.8 で追加.

--with-lto

Enable Link Time Optimization (LTO) in any build (disabled by default).

The C compiler Clang requires llvm-ar for LTO (ar on macOS), as well as an LTO-aware linker (ld.gold or lld).

バージョン 3.6 で追加.

--with-computed-gotos

Enable computed gotos in evaluation loop (enabled by default on supported compilers).

--without-pymalloc

Disable the specialized Python memory allocator pymalloc (enabled by default).

See also PYTHONMALLOC environment variable.

--without-doc-strings

Disable static documentation strings to reduce the memory footprint (enabled by default). Documentation strings defined in Python are not affected.

Don't define the WITH_DOC_STRINGS macro.

See the PyDoc_STRVAR() macro.

--enable-profiling

Enable C-level code profiling with gprof (disabled by default).

3.1.4. Python Debug Build

A debug build is Python built with the --with-pydebug configure option.

Effects of a debug build:

  • Display all warnings by default: the list of default warning filters is empty in the warnings module.

  • Add d to sys.abiflags.

  • Add sys.gettotalrefcount() function.

  • Add -X showrefcount command line option.

  • Add PYTHONTHREADDEBUG environment variable.

  • Add support for the __ltrace__ variable: enable low-level tracing in the bytecode evaluation loop if the variable is defined.

  • Install debug hooks on memory allocators to detect buffer overflow and other memory errors.

  • Define Py_DEBUG and Py_REF_DEBUG macros.

  • Add runtime checks: code surroundeded by #ifdef Py_DEBUG and #endif. Enable assert(...) and _PyObject_ASSERT(...) assertions: don't set the NDEBUG macro (see also the --with-assertions configure option). Main runtime checks:

    • Add sanity checks on the function arguments.

    • Unicode and int objects are created with their memory filled with a pattern to detect usage of uninitialized objects.

    • Ensure that functions which can clear or replace the current exception are not called with an exception raised.

    • The garbage collector (gc.collect() function) runs some basic checks on objects consistency.

    • The Py_SAFE_DOWNCAST() macro checks for integer underflow and overflow when downcasting from wide types to narrow types.

See also the Python Development Mode and the --with-trace-refs configure option.

バージョン 3.8 で変更: Release builds and debug builds are now ABI compatible: defining the Py_DEBUG macro no longer implies the Py_TRACE_REFS macro (see the --with-trace-refs option), which introduces the only ABI incompatibility.

3.1.5. Debug options

--with-pydebug

Build Python in debug mode: define the Py_DEBUG macro (disabled by default).

--with-trace-refs

Enable tracing references for debugging purpose (disabled by default).

Effects:

  • Define the Py_TRACE_REFS macro.

  • Add sys.getobjects() function.

  • Add PYTHONDUMPREFS environment variable.

This build is not ABI compatible with release build (default build) or debug build (Py_DEBUG and Py_REF_DEBUG macros).

バージョン 3.8 で追加.

--with-assertions

Build with C assertions enabled (default is no): assert(...); and _PyObject_ASSERT(...);.

If set, the NDEBUG macro is not defined in the OPT compiler variable.

See also the --with-pydebug option (debug build) which also enables assertions.

バージョン 3.6 で追加.

--with-valgrind

Enable Valgrind support (default is no).

--with-dtrace

Enable DTrace support (default is no).

See Instrumenting CPython with DTrace and SystemTap.

バージョン 3.6 で追加.

--with-address-sanitizer

Enable AddressSanitizer memory error detector, asan (default is no).

バージョン 3.6 で追加.

--with-memory-sanitizer

Enable MemorySanitizer allocation error detector, msan (default is no).

バージョン 3.6 で追加.

--with-undefined-behavior-sanitizer

Enable UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer undefined behaviour detector, ubsan (default is no).

バージョン 3.6 で追加.

3.1.6. Linker options

--enable-shared

Enable building a shared Python library: libpython (default is no).

--without-static-libpython

Do not build libpythonMAJOR.MINOR.a and do not install python.o (built and enabled by default).

バージョン 3.10 で追加.

3.1.7. Libraries options

--with-libs='lib1 ...'

Link against additional libraries (default is no).

--with-system-expat

Build the pyexpat module using an installed expat library (default is no).

--with-system-ffi

Build the _ctypes extension module using an installed ffi library, see the ctypes module (default is system-dependent).

--with-system-libmpdec

Build the _decimal extension module using an installed mpdec library, see the decimal module (default is no).

バージョン 3.3 で追加.

--with-readline=editline

Use editline library for backend of the readline module.

Define the WITH_EDITLINE macro.

バージョン 3.10 で追加.

--without-readline

Don't build the readline module (built by default).

Don't define the HAVE_LIBREADLINE macro.

バージョン 3.10 で追加.

--with-tcltk-includes='-I...'

Override search for Tcl and Tk include files.

--with-tcltk-libs='-L...'

Override search for Tcl and Tk libraries.

--with-libm=STRING

Override libm math library to STRING (default is system-dependent).

--with-libc=STRING

Override libc C library to STRING (default is system-dependent).

--with-openssl=DIR

Root of the OpenSSL directory.

バージョン 3.7 で追加.

--with-openssl-rpath=[no|auto|DIR]

Set runtime library directory (rpath) for OpenSSL libraries:

  • no (default): don't set rpath;

  • auto: auto-detect rpath from --with-openssl and pkg-config;

  • DIR: set an explicit rpath.

バージョン 3.10 で追加.

3.1.8. Security Options

--with-hash-algorithm=[fnv|siphash24]

Select hash algorithm for use in Python/pyhash.c:

  • siphash24 (default).

  • fnv;

バージョン 3.4 で追加.

--with-builtin-hashlib-hashes=md5,sha1,sha256,sha512,sha3,blake2

Built-in hash modules:

  • md5;

  • sha1;

  • sha256;

  • sha512;

  • sha3 (with shake);

  • blake2.

バージョン 3.9 で追加.

--with-ssl-default-suites=[python|openssl|STRING]

Override the OpenSSL default cipher suites string:

  • python (default): use Python's preferred selection;

  • openssl: leave OpenSSL's defaults untouched;

  • STRING: use a custom string

See the ssl module.

バージョン 3.7 で追加.

バージョン 3.10 で変更: The settings python and STRING also set TLS 1.2 as minimum protocol version.

3.1.9. macOS Options

See Mac/README.rst.

--enable-universalsdk
--enable-universalsdk=SDKDIR

Create a universal binary build. SDKDIR specifies which macOS SDK should be used to perform the build (default is no).

--enable-framework
--enable-framework=INSTALLDIR

Create a Python.framework rather than a traditional Unix install. Optional INSTALLDIR specifies the installation path (default is no).

--with-universal-archs=ARCH

Specify the kind of universal binary that should be created. This option is only valid when --enable-universalsdk is set.

Options:

  • universal2;

  • 32-bit;

  • 64-bit;

  • 3-way;

  • intel;

  • intel-32;

  • intel-64;

  • all.

--with-framework-name=FRAMEWORK

Specify the name for the python framework on macOS only valid when --enable-framework is set (default: Python).

3.2. Python Build System

3.2.1. Main files of the build system

  • configure.ac => configure;

  • Makefile.pre.in => Makefile (created by configure);

  • pyconfig.h (created by configure);

  • Modules/Setup: C extensions built by the Makefile using Module/makesetup shell script;

  • setup.py: C extensions built using the distutils module.

3.2.2. Main build steps

  • C files (.c) are built as object files (.o).

  • A static libpython library (.a) is created from objects files.

  • python.o and the static libpython library are linked into the final python program.

  • C extensions are built by the Makefile (see Modules/Setup) and python setup.py build.

3.2.3. Main Makefile targets

  • make: Build Python with the standard library.

  • make platform:: build the python program, but don't build the standard library extension modules.

  • make profile-opt: build Python using Profile Guided Optimization (PGO). You can use the configure --enable-optimizations option to make this the default target of the make command (make all or just make).

  • make buildbottest: Build Python and run the Python test suite, the same way than buildbots test Python. Set TESTTIMEOUT variable (in seconds) to change the test timeout (1200 by default: 20 minutes).

  • make install: Build and install Python.

  • make regen-all: Regenerate (almost) all generated files; make regen-stdlib-module-names and autoconf must be run separately for the remaining generated files.

  • make clean: Remove built files.

  • make distclean: Same than make clean, but remove also files created by the configure script.

3.2.4. C extensions

Some C extensions are built as built-in modules, like the sys module. They are built with the Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN macro defined. Built-in modules have no __file__ attribute:

>>> import sys
>>> sys
<module 'sys' (built-in)>
>>> sys.__file__
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: module 'sys' has no attribute '__file__'

Other C extensins are built as dynamic libraries, like the _asyncio module. They are built with the Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE macro defined. Example on Linux x86-64:

>>> import _asyncio
>>> _asyncio
<module '_asyncio' from '/usr/lib64/python3.9/lib-dynload/_asyncio.cpython-39-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>
>>> _asyncio.__file__
'/usr/lib64/python3.9/lib-dynload/_asyncio.cpython-39-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'

Modules/Setup is used to generate Makefile targets to build C extensions. At the beginning of the files, C extensions are built as built-in modules. Extensions defined after the *shared* marker are built as dynamic libraries.

The setup.py script only builds C extensions as shared libraries using the distutils module.

The PyAPI_FUNC(), PyAPI_API() and PyMODINIT_FUNC() macros of Include/pyport.h are defined differently depending if the Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE macro is defined:

  • Use Py_EXPORTED_SYMBOL if the Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE is defined

  • Use Py_IMPORTED_SYMBOL otherwise.

If the Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN macro is used by mistake on a C extension built as a shared library, its PyInit_xxx() function is not exported, causing an ImportError on import.

3.3. Compiler and linker flags

Options set by the ./configure script and environment variables and used by Makefile.

3.3.1. Preprocessor flags

CONFIGURE_CPPFLAGS

Value of CPPFLAGS variable passed to the ./configure script.

バージョン 3.6 で追加.

CPPFLAGS

(Objective) C/C++ preprocessor flags, e.g. -I<include dir> if you have headers in a nonstandard directory <include dir>.

Both CPPFLAGS and LDFLAGS need to contain the shell's value for setup.py to be able to build extension modules using the directories specified in the environment variables.

BASECPPFLAGS

バージョン 3.4 で追加.

PY_CPPFLAGS

Extra preprocessor flags added for building the interpreter object files.

Default: $(BASECPPFLAGS) -I. -I$(srcdir)/Include $(CONFIGURE_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS).

バージョン 3.2 で追加.

3.3.2. Compiler flags

CC

C compiler command.

Example: gcc -pthread.

MAINCC

C compiler command used to build the main() function of programs like python.

Variable set by the --with-cxx-main option of the configure script.

Default: $(CC).

CXX

C++ compiler command.

Used if the --with-cxx-main option is used.

Example: g++ -pthread.

CFLAGS

C compiler flags.

CFLAGS_NODIST

CFLAGS_NODIST is used for building the interpreter and stdlib C extensions. Use it when a compiler flag should not be part of the distutils CFLAGS once Python is installed (bpo-21121).

In particular, CFLAGS should not contain:

  • the compiler flag -I (for setting the search path for include files). The -I flags are processed from left to right, and any flags in CFLAGS would take precedence over user- and package-supplied -I flags.

  • hardening flags such as -Werror because distributions cannot control whether packages installed by users conform to such heightened standards.

バージョン 3.5 で追加.

EXTRA_CFLAGS

Extra C compiler flags.

CONFIGURE_CFLAGS

Value of CFLAGS variable passed to the ./configure script.

バージョン 3.2 で追加.

CONFIGURE_CFLAGS_NODIST

Value of CFLAGS_NODIST variable passed to the ./configure script.

バージョン 3.5 で追加.

BASECFLAGS

Base compiler flags.

OPT

Optimization flags.

CFLAGS_ALIASING

Strict or non-strict aliasing flags used to compile Python/dtoa.c.

バージョン 3.7 で追加.

CCSHARED

Compiler flags used to build a shared library.

For example, -fPIC is used on Linux and on BSD.

CFLAGSFORSHARED

Extra C flags added for building the interpreter object files.

Default: $(CCSHARED) when --enable-shared is used, or an empty string otherwise.

PY_CFLAGS

Default: $(BASECFLAGS) $(OPT) $(CONFIGURE_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(EXTRA_CFLAGS).

PY_CFLAGS_NODIST

Default: $(CONFIGURE_CFLAGS_NODIST) $(CFLAGS_NODIST) -I$(srcdir)/Include/internal.

バージョン 3.5 で追加.

PY_STDMODULE_CFLAGS

C flags used for building the interpreter object files.

Default: $(PY_CFLAGS) $(PY_CFLAGS_NODIST) $(PY_CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGSFORSHARED).

バージョン 3.7 で追加.

PY_CORE_CFLAGS

Default: $(PY_STDMODULE_CFLAGS) -DPy_BUILD_CORE.

バージョン 3.2 で追加.

PY_BUILTIN_MODULE_CFLAGS

Compiler flags to build a standard library extension module as a built-in module, like the posix module.

Default: $(PY_STDMODULE_CFLAGS) -DPy_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN.

バージョン 3.8 で追加.

PURIFY

Purify command. Purify is a memory debugger program.

Default: empty string (not used).

3.3.3. Linker flags

LINKCC

Linker command used to build programs like python and _testembed.

Default: $(PURIFY) $(MAINCC).

CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS

Value of LDFLAGS variable passed to the ./configure script.

Avoid assigning CFLAGS, LDFLAGS, etc. so users can use them on the command line to append to these values without stomping the pre-set values.

バージョン 3.2 で追加.

LDFLAGS_NODIST

LDFLAGS_NODIST is used in the same manner as CFLAGS_NODIST. Use it when a linker flag should not be part of the distutils LDFLAGS once Python is installed (bpo-35257).

In particular, LDFLAGS should not contain:

  • the compiler flag -L (for setting the search path for libraries). The -L flags are processed from left to right, and any flags in LDFLAGS would take precedence over user- and package-supplied -L flags.

CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS_NODIST

Value of LDFLAGS_NODIST variable passed to the ./configure script.

バージョン 3.8 で追加.

LDFLAGS

Linker flags, e.g. -L<lib dir> if you have libraries in a nonstandard directory <lib dir>.

Both CPPFLAGS and LDFLAGS need to contain the shell's value for setup.py to be able to build extension modules using the directories specified in the environment variables.

LIBS

Linker flags to pass libraries to the linker when linking the Python executable.

Example: -lrt.

LDSHARED

Command to build a shared library.

Default: @LDSHARED@ $(PY_LDFLAGS).

BLDSHARED

Command to build libpython shared library.

Default: @BLDSHARED@ $(PY_CORE_LDFLAGS).

PY_LDFLAGS

Default: $(CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS).

PY_LDFLAGS_NODIST

Default: $(CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS_NODIST) $(LDFLAGS_NODIST).

バージョン 3.8 で追加.

PY_CORE_LDFLAGS

Linker flags used for building the interpreter object files.

バージョン 3.8 で追加.