Antarmuka Pengguna Grafis FAQ

Konten

• Antarmuka Pengguna Grafis FAQ

  • Pertanyaan Umum GUI

  • What platform-independent GUI toolkits exist for Python?

    • Tkinter

    • wxWidgets

    • Qt

    • Gtk+

    • Kivy

    • FLTK

    • OpenGL

  • What platform-specific GUI toolkits exist for Python?

  • Pertanyaan-pertanyaan Tkinter

    • Bagaimana cara membekukan aplikasi Tkinter?

    • Can I have Tk events handled while waiting for I/O?

    • Saya tidak bisa mendapatkan pengikatan kunci untuk bekerja di Tkinter: mengapa?

Pertanyaan Umum GUI

What platform-independent GUI toolkits exist for Python?

Bergantung pada platform apa yang Anda bidik, ada beberapa. Beberapa dari mereka belum di-porting ke Python 3. Setidaknya Tkinter dan` Qt`_ diketahui kompatibel dengan Python 3.

Tkinter

Standard builds of Python include an object-oriented interface to the Tcl/Tk widget set, called tkinter. This is probably the easiest to install (since it comes included with most binary distributions of Python) and use. For more info about Tk, including pointers to the source, see the Tcl/Tk home page. Tcl/Tk is fully portable to the Mac OS X, Windows, and Unix platforms.

wxWidgets

wxWidgets (https://www.wxwidgets.org) is a free, portable GUI class library written in C++ that provides a native look and feel on a number of platforms, with Windows, Mac OS X, GTK, X11, all listed as current stable targets. Language bindings are available for a number of languages including Python, Perl, Ruby, etc.

wxPython (http://www.wxpython.org) is the Python binding for wxwidgets. While it often lags slightly behind the official wxWidgets releases, it also offers a number of features via pure Python extensions that are not available in other language bindings. There is an active wxPython user and developer community.

Baik wxWidgets dan wxPython adalah perangkat lunak gratis, sumber terbuka, dengan lisensi permisif yang memungkinkan penggunaannya dalam produk komersial serta freeware atau shareware.

Qt

There are bindings available for the Qt toolkit (using either PyQt or PySide) and for KDE (PyKDE4). PyQt is currently more mature than PySide, but you must buy a PyQt license from Riverbank Computing if you want to write proprietary applications. PySide is free for all applications.

Qt 4.5 upwards is licensed under the LGPL license; also, commercial licenses are available from The Qt Company.

Gtk+

The GObject introspection bindings for Python allow you to write GTK+ 3 applications. There is also a Python GTK+ 3 Tutorial.

The older PyGtk bindings for the Gtk+ 2 toolkit have been implemented by James Henstridge; see <http://www.pygtk.org>.

Kivy

Kivy is a cross-platform GUI library supporting both desktop operating systems (Windows, macOS, Linux) and mobile devices (Android, iOS). It is written in Python and Cython, and can use a range of windowing backends.

Kivy adalah perangkat lunak gratis dan sumber terbuka yang didistribusikan di bawah lisensi MIT.

FLTK

Python bindings for the FLTK toolkit, a simple yet powerful and mature cross-platform windowing system, are available from the PyFLTK project.

OpenGL

Untuk pengikatan OpenGL, lihat PyOpenGL.

What platform-specific GUI toolkits exist for Python?

By installing the PyObjc Objective-C bridge, Python programs can use Mac OS X's Cocoa libraries.

:ref:`Pythonwin <windows-faq>`oleh Mark Hammond menyertakan antarmuka ke Microsoft Foundation Classes dan lingkungan pemrograman Python yang sebagian besar ditulis dengan Python menggunakan kelas MFC.

Pertanyaan-pertanyaan Tkinter

Bagaimana cara membekukan aplikasi Tkinter?

Freeze is a tool to create stand-alone applications. When freezing Tkinter applications, the applications will not be truly stand-alone, as the application will still need the Tcl and Tk libraries.

One solution is to ship the application with the Tcl and Tk libraries, and point to them at run-time using the TCL_LIBRARY and TK_LIBRARY environment variables.

To get truly stand-alone applications, the Tcl scripts that form the library have to be integrated into the application as well. One tool supporting that is SAM (stand-alone modules), which is part of the Tix distribution (http://tix.sourceforge.net/).

Bangun Tix dengan SAM diaktifkan, lakukan panggilan yang sesuai ke Tclsam_init(), dll. Di dalam Python : file:` Modules tkappinit.c`, dan tautkan dengan libtclsam dan libtksam (Anda mungkin menyertakan pustaka Tix juga ).

Can I have Tk events handled while waiting for I/O?

On platforms other than Windows, yes, and you don't even need threads! But you'll have to restructure your I/O code a bit. Tk has the equivalent of Xt's XtAddInput() call, which allows you to register a callback function which will be called from the Tk mainloop when I/O is possible on a file descriptor. See File Handlers.

Saya tidak bisa mendapatkan pengikatan kunci untuk bekerja di Tkinter: mengapa?

An often-heard complaint is that event handlers bound to events with the bind() method don't get handled even when the appropriate key is pressed.

The most common cause is that the widget to which the binding applies doesn't have "keyboard focus". Check out the Tk documentation for the focus command. Usually a widget is given the keyboard focus by clicking in it (but not for labels; see the takefocus option).