Protocole Objet

int PyObject_Print(PyObject *o, FILE *fp, int flags)

Écrit un objet o, dans le fichier fp. Renvoie -1 en cas d’erreur. L’argument flags est utilisé pour permettre certaines options de rendu. La seule option actuellement gérée est Py_PRINT_RAW ; si cet argument est fourni, le str() de l’objet est utilisé pour le rendu à la place de repr().

int PyObject_HasAttr(PyObject *o, PyObject *attr_name)

Renvoie 1 si o a l’attribut attr_name, et 0 sinon. Ceci est équivalent à l’expression Python hasattr(o, attr_name). Cette fonction réussit toujours.

int PyObject_HasAttrString(PyObject *o, const char *attr_name)

Renvoie 1 si o a l’attribut attr_name, et 0 sinon. Ceci est équivalent à l’expression Python hasattr(o, attr_name). Cette fonction réussit toujours.

PyObject* PyObject_GetAttr(PyObject *o, PyObject *attr_name)

Return value: New reference.

Récupère l’attribut nommé attr_name de l’objet o. Renvoie la valeur de l’attribut en cas de succès, ou NULL en cas d’échec. Ceci est équivalent à l’expression Python o.attr_name.

PyObject* PyObject_GetAttrString(PyObject *o, const char *attr_name)

Return value: New reference.

Récupère un attribut nommé attr_name de l’objet o. Renvoie la valeur de l’attribut en cas de succès, ou NULL en cas d’échec. Ceci est équivalent à l’expression Python o.attr_name.

PyObject* PyObject_GenericGetAttr(PyObject *o, PyObject *name)

Accesseur d’attribut générique destiné à être mis dans le slot tp_getattro d’un objet type. Recherche un descripteur dans le dictionnaire de classes du MRO de l’objet ainsi qu’un attribut dans le __dict__ de l’objet (si présent). Comme défini dans Implémentation de descripteurs, les descripteurs de données sont prioritaires sur les attributs d’instance, contrairement aux autres descripteurs. Sinon, une AttributeError est levée.

int PyObject_SetAttr(PyObject *o, PyObject *attr_name, PyObject *v)

Set the value of the attribute named attr_name, for object o, to the value v. Raise an exception and return -1 on failure; return 0 on success. This is the equivalent of the Python statement o.attr_name = v.

If v is NULL, the attribute is deleted, however this feature is deprecated in favour of using PyObject_DelAttr().

int PyObject_SetAttrString(PyObject *o, const char *attr_name, PyObject *v)

Set the value of the attribute named attr_name, for object o, to the value v. Raise an exception and return -1 on failure; return 0 on success. This is the equivalent of the Python statement o.attr_name = v.

If v is NULL, the attribute is deleted, however this feature is deprecated in favour of using PyObject_DelAttrString().

int PyObject_GenericSetAttr(PyObject *o, PyObject *name, PyObject *value)

Generic attribute setter and deleter function that is meant to be put into a type object’s tp_setattro slot. It looks for a data descriptor in the dictionary of classes in the object’s MRO, and if found it takes preference over setting or deleting the attribute in the instance dictionary. Otherwise, the attribute is set or deleted in the object’s __dict__ (if present). On success, 0 is returned, otherwise an AttributeError is raised and -1 is returned.

int PyObject_DelAttr(PyObject *o, PyObject *attr_name)

Supprime l’attribut nommé attr_name, pour l’objet o. Renvoie -1 en cas d’échec. Ceci est l’équivalent de l’expression Python del o.attr_name.

int PyObject_DelAttrString(PyObject *o, const char *attr_name)

Supprime l’attribut nommé attr_name, pour l’objet o. Renvoie -1 en cas d’échec. Ceci est l’équivalent de l’expression Python del o.attr_name.

PyObject* PyObject_RichCompare(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2, int opid)

Return value: New reference.

Compare les valeurs de o1 et o2 en utilisant l’opération spécifiée par opid, qui doit être Py_LT, Py_LE, Py_EQ, Py_NE, Py_GT, ou Py_GE, correspondant à <, <=, ==, !=, >, ou >= respectivement. Ceci est l’équivalent de l’expression Python o1 op o2, où op est l’opérateur correspondant à opid. Renvoie la valeur de la comparaison en cas de succès, ou NULL en cas d’échec.

int PyObject_RichCompareBool(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2, int opid)

Compare les valeurs de o1 et o2 en utilisant l’opération spécifiée par opid, qui doit être Py_LT, Py_LE, Py_EQ, Py_NE, Py_GT, ou Py_GE, correspondant à <, <=, ==, !=, >, ou >= respectivement. Renvoie -1 en cas d’erreur, 0 si le résultat est faux, et 1 sinon. Ceci est l’équivalent de l’expression Python o1 op o2, où op est l’opérateur correspondant à opid.

Note

Si o1 et o2 sont le même objet, PyObject_RichCompareBool() renvoie toujours 1 pour Py_EQ et 0 pour Py_NE.

int PyObject_Cmp(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2, int *result)

Compare the values of o1 and o2 using a routine provided by o1, if one exists, otherwise with a routine provided by o2. The result of the comparison is returned in result. Returns -1 on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python statement result = cmp(o1, o2).

int PyObject_Compare(PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2)

Compare the values of o1 and o2 using a routine provided by o1, if one exists, otherwise with a routine provided by o2. Returns the result of the comparison on success. On error, the value returned is undefined; use PyErr_Occurred() to detect an error. This is equivalent to the Python expression cmp(o1, o2).

PyObject* PyObject_Repr(PyObject *o)

Return value: New reference.

Compute a string representation of object o. Returns the string representation on success, NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression repr(o). Called by the repr() built-in function and by reverse quotes.

PyObject* PyObject_Str(PyObject *o)

Return value: New reference.

Compute a string representation of object o. Returns the string representation on success, NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression str(o). Called by the str() built-in function and by the print statement.

PyObject* PyObject_Bytes(PyObject *o)

Compute a bytes representation of object o. In 2.x, this is just an alias for PyObject_Str().

PyObject* PyObject_Unicode(PyObject *o)

Return value: New reference.

Compute a Unicode string representation of object o. Returns the Unicode string representation on success, NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression unicode(o). Called by the unicode() built-in function.

int PyObject_IsInstance(PyObject *inst, PyObject *cls)

Returns 1 if inst is an instance of the class cls or a subclass of cls, or 0 if not. On error, returns -1 and sets an exception. If cls is a type object rather than a class object, PyObject_IsInstance() returns 1 if inst is of type cls. If cls is a tuple, the check will be done against every entry in cls. The result will be 1 when at least one of the checks returns 1, otherwise it will be 0. If inst is not a class instance and cls is neither a type object, nor a class object, nor a tuple, inst must have a __class__ attribute — the class relationship of the value of that attribute with cls will be used to determine the result of this function.

Nouveau dans la version 2.1.

Modifié dans la version 2.2: Support for a tuple as the second argument added.

Subclass determination is done in a fairly straightforward way, but includes a wrinkle that implementors of extensions to the class system may want to be aware of. If A and B are class objects, B is a subclass of A if it inherits from A either directly or indirectly. If either is not a class object, a more general mechanism is used to determine the class relationship of the two objects. When testing if B is a subclass of A, if A is B, PyObject_IsSubclass() returns true. If A and B are different objects, B’s __bases__ attribute is searched in a depth-first fashion for A — the presence of the __bases__ attribute is considered sufficient for this determination.

int PyObject_IsSubclass(PyObject *derived, PyObject *cls)

Returns 1 if the class derived is identical to or derived from the class cls, otherwise returns 0. In case of an error, returns -1. If cls is a tuple, the check will be done against every entry in cls. The result will be 1 when at least one of the checks returns 1, otherwise it will be 0. If either derived or cls is not an actual class object (or tuple), this function uses the generic algorithm described above.

Nouveau dans la version 2.1.

Modifié dans la version 2.3: Older versions of Python did not support a tuple as the second argument.

int PyCallable_Check(PyObject *o)

Détermine si l’objet o est appelable. Renvoie 1 si c’est le cas, et 0 sinon. Cette fonction réussit toujours.

PyObject* PyObject_Call(PyObject *callable_object, PyObject *args, PyObject *kw)

Return value: New reference.

Call a callable Python object callable_object, with arguments given by the tuple args, and named arguments given by the dictionary kw. If no named arguments are needed, kw may be NULL. args must not be NULL, use an empty tuple if no arguments are needed. Returns the result of the call on success, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression apply(callable_object, args, kw) or callable_object(*args, **kw).

Nouveau dans la version 2.2.

PyObject* PyObject_CallObject(PyObject *callable_object, PyObject *args)

Return value: New reference.

Call a callable Python object callable_object, with arguments given by the tuple args. If no arguments are needed, then args may be NULL. Returns the result of the call on success, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression apply(callable_object, args) or callable_object(*args).

PyObject* PyObject_CallFunction(PyObject *callable, char *format, ...)

Return value: New reference.

Call a callable Python object callable, with a variable number of C arguments. The C arguments are described using a Py_BuildValue() style format string. The format may be NULL, indicating that no arguments are provided. Returns the result of the call on success, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression apply(callable, args) or callable(*args). Note that if you only pass PyObject * args, PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs() is a faster alternative.

PyObject* PyObject_CallMethod(PyObject *o, char *method, char *format, ...)

Return value: New reference.

Call the method named method of object o with a variable number of C arguments. The C arguments are described by a Py_BuildValue() format string that should produce a tuple. The format may be NULL, indicating that no arguments are provided. Returns the result of the call on success, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression o.method(args). Note that if you only pass PyObject * args, PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs() is a faster alternative.

PyObject* PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(PyObject *callable, ..., NULL)

Return value: New reference.

Call a callable Python object callable, with a variable number of PyObject* arguments. The arguments are provided as a variable number of parameters followed by NULL. Returns the result of the call on success, or NULL on failure.

Nouveau dans la version 2.2.

PyObject* PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(PyObject *o, PyObject *name, ..., NULL)

Return value: New reference.

Calls a method of the object o, where the name of the method is given as a Python string object in name. It is called with a variable number of PyObject* arguments. The arguments are provided as a variable number of parameters followed by NULL. Returns the result of the call on success, or NULL on failure.

Nouveau dans la version 2.2.

long PyObject_Hash(PyObject *o)

Compute and return the hash value of an object o. On failure, return -1. This is the equivalent of the Python expression hash(o).

long PyObject_HashNotImplemented(PyObject *o)

Set a TypeError indicating that type(o) is not hashable and return -1. This function receives special treatment when stored in a tp_hash slot, allowing a type to explicitly indicate to the interpreter that it is not hashable.

Nouveau dans la version 2.6.

int PyObject_IsTrue(PyObject *o)

Returns 1 if the object o is considered to be true, and 0 otherwise. This is equivalent to the Python expression not not o. On failure, return -1.

int PyObject_Not(PyObject *o)

Returns 0 if the object o is considered to be true, and 1 otherwise. This is equivalent to the Python expression not o. On failure, return -1.

PyObject* PyObject_Type(PyObject *o)

Return value: New reference.

When o is non-NULL, returns a type object corresponding to the object type of object o. On failure, raises SystemError and returns NULL. This is equivalent to the Python expression type(o). This function increments the reference count of the return value. There’s really no reason to use this function instead of the common expression o->ob_type, which returns a pointer of type PyTypeObject*, except when the incremented reference count is needed.

int PyObject_TypeCheck(PyObject *o, PyTypeObject *type)

Return true if the object o is of type type or a subtype of type. Both parameters must be non-NULL.

Nouveau dans la version 2.2.

Py_ssize_t PyObject_Length(PyObject *o)

Py_ssize_t PyObject_Size(PyObject *o)

Return the length of object o. If the object o provides either the sequence and mapping protocols, the sequence length is returned. On error, -1 is returned. This is the equivalent to the Python expression len(o).

Modifié dans la version 2.5: These functions returned an int type. This might require changes in your code for properly supporting 64-bit systems.

PyObject* PyObject_GetItem(PyObject *o, PyObject *key)

Return value: New reference.

Return element of o corresponding to the object key or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression o[key].

int PyObject_SetItem(PyObject *o, PyObject *key, PyObject *v)

Map the object key to the value v. Raise an exception and return -1 on failure; return 0 on success. This is the equivalent of the Python statement o[key] = v.

int PyObject_DelItem(PyObject *o, PyObject *key)

Delete the mapping for key from o. Returns -1 on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python statement del o[key].

int PyObject_AsFileDescriptor(PyObject *o)

Derives a file descriptor from a Python object. If the object is an integer or long integer, its value is returned. If not, the object’s fileno() method is called if it exists; the method must return an integer or long integer, which is returned as the file descriptor value. Returns -1 on failure.

PyObject* PyObject_Dir(PyObject *o)

Return value: New reference.

This is equivalent to the Python expression dir(o), returning a (possibly empty) list of strings appropriate for the object argument, or NULL if there was an error. If the argument is NULL, this is like the Python dir(), returning the names of the current locals; in this case, if no execution frame is active then NULL is returned but PyErr_Occurred() will return false.

PyObject* PyObject_GetIter(PyObject *o)

Return value: New reference.

This is equivalent to the Python expression iter(o). It returns a new iterator for the object argument, or the object itself if the object is already an iterator. Raises TypeError and returns NULL if the object cannot be iterated.