Protocolos y soporte de Internet

Los módulos descritos en este capítulo implementan protocolos de Internet y son compatibles con la tecnología relacionada. Todos están implementados en Python. La mayoría de estos módulos requieren la presencia del módulo dependiente del sistema socket, que actualmente es compatible con las plataformas más populares. Aquí hay una descripción general:

• webbrowser — Convenient web-browser controller
  • Error
  • open()
  • open_new()
  • open_new_tab()
  • get()
  • register()
  • Objetos controladores de navegador
    • name
    • open()
    • open_new()
    • open_new_tab()
• wsgiref — WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation
  • wsgiref.util – Utilidades de entorno WSGI
    • guess_scheme()
    • request_uri()
    • application_uri()
    • shift_path_info()
    • setup_testing_defaults()
    • is_hop_by_hop()
    • FileWrapper
  • wsgiref.headers – Herramientas para cabeceras de respuesta WSGI
    • Headers
      • get_all()
      • add_header()
  • wsgiref.simple_server– Un servidor HTTP WSGI simple
    • make_server()
    • demo_app()
    • WSGIServer
      • set_app()
      • get_app()
    • WSGIRequestHandler
      • get_environ()
      • get_stderr()
      • handle()
  • wsgiref.validate — Verificador de compatibilidad WSGI
    • validator()
  • wsgiref.handlers – Clases base servidor/gateway
    • CGIHandler
    • IISCGIHandler
    • BaseCGIHandler
    • SimpleHandler
    • BaseHandler
      • run()
      • _write()
      • _flush()
      • get_stdin()
      • get_stderr()
      • add_cgi_vars()
      • wsgi_multithread
      • wsgi_multiprocess
      • wsgi_run_once
      • os_environ
      • server_software
      • get_scheme()
      • setup_environ()
      • log_exception()
      • traceback_limit
      • error_output()
      • error_status
      • error_headers
      • error_body
      • wsgi_file_wrapper
      • sendfile()
      • origin_server
      • http_version
    • read_environ()
  • wsgiref.types — Tipos de WSGI para validadores estáticos de tipos
    • StartResponse
    • WSGIEnvironment
    • WSGIApplication
    • InputStream
    • ErrorStream
    • FileWrapper
  • Ejemplos
• urllib — URL handling modules
• urllib.request — Extensible library for opening URLs
  • urlopen()
  • install_opener()
  • build_opener()
  • pathname2url()
  • url2pathname()
  • getproxies()
  • Request
  • OpenerDirector
  • BaseHandler
  • HTTPDefaultErrorHandler
  • HTTPRedirectHandler
  • HTTPCookieProcessor
  • ProxyHandler
  • HTTPPasswordMgr
  • HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm
  • HTTPPasswordMgrWithPriorAuth
  • AbstractBasicAuthHandler
  • HTTPBasicAuthHandler
  • ProxyBasicAuthHandler
  • AbstractDigestAuthHandler
  • HTTPDigestAuthHandler
  • ProxyDigestAuthHandler
  • HTTPHandler
  • HTTPSHandler
  • FileHandler
  • DataHandler
  • FTPHandler
  • CacheFTPHandler
  • UnknownHandler
  • HTTPErrorProcessor
  • Objetos Request
    • full_url
    • type
    • host
    • origin_req_host
    • selector
    • data
    • unverifiable
    • method
    • get_method()
    • add_header()
    • add_unredirected_header()
    • has_header()
    • remove_header()
    • get_full_url()
    • set_proxy()
    • get_header()
    • header_items()
  • Objetos OpenerDirector
    • add_handler()
    • open()
    • error()
  • Objetos BaseHandler
    • add_parent()
    • close()
    • parent
    • default_open()
    • unknown_open()
    • http_error_default()
  • Objetos HTTPRedirectHandler
    • redirect_request()
    • http_error_301()
    • http_error_302()
    • http_error_303()
    • http_error_307()
    • http_error_308()
  • Objetos HTTPCookieProcessor
    • cookiejar
  • Objetos ProxyHandler
  • Objetos HTTPPasswordMgr
    • add_password()
    • find_user_password()
  • Objetos HTTPPasswordMgrWithPriorAuth
    • add_password()
    • find_user_password()
    • update_authenticated()
    • is_authenticated()
  • Objetos AbstractBasicAuthHandler
    • http_error_auth_reqed()
  • Objetos HTTPBasicAuthHandler
    • http_error_401()
  • Objetos ProxyBasicAuthHandler
    • http_error_407()
  • Objetos AbstractDigestAuthHandler
    • http_error_auth_reqed()
  • Objetos HTTPDigestAuthHandler
    • http_error_401()
  • Objetos ProxyDigestAuthHandler
    • http_error_407()
  • Objetos HTTPHandler
    • http_open()
  • Objetos HTTPSHandler
    • https_open()
  • Objetos FileHandler
    • file_open()
  • Objetos DataHandler
    • data_open()
  • Objetos FTPHandler
    • ftp_open()
  • Objetos CacheFTPHandler
    • setTimeout()
    • setMaxConns()
  • Objetos UnknownHandler
    • unknown_open()
  • Objetos HTTPErrorProcessor
    • http_response()
    • https_response()
  • Ejemplos
  • Interfaz heredada
    • urlretrieve()
    • urlcleanup()
  • Restricciones urllib.request
• urllib.response — Clases de respuesta usadas por urllib
  • addinfourl
    • url
    • headers
    • status
    • geturl()
    • info()
    • code
    • getcode()
• urllib.parse — Parse URLs into components
  • Análisis de URL
    • urlparse()
    • parse_qs()
    • parse_qsl()
    • urlunparse()
    • urlsplit()
    • urlunsplit()
    • urljoin()
    • urldefrag()
    • unwrap()
  • Análisis de seguridad de URL
  • Análisis de bytes codificados ASCII
  • Resultados del análisis estructurado
    • geturl()
    • DefragResult
    • ParseResult
    • SplitResult
    • DefragResultBytes
    • ParseResultBytes
    • SplitResultBytes
  • Cita de URL
    • quote()
    • quote_plus()
    • quote_from_bytes()
    • unquote()
    • unquote_plus()
    • unquote_to_bytes()
    • urlencode()
• urllib.error — Exception classes raised by urllib.request
  • URLError
    • reason
  • HTTPError
    • url
    • code
    • reason
    • headers
    • fp
  • ContentTooShortError
    • content
• urllib.robotparser — Parser for robots.txt
  • RobotFileParser
    • set_url()
    • read()
    • parse()
    • can_fetch()
    • mtime()
    • modified()
    • crawl_delay()
    • request_rate()
    • site_maps()
• http — HTTP modules
  • HTTPStatus
  • Códigos de estado HTTP
  • Categoría de estado HTTP
    • HTTPMethod
  • Métodos HTTP
• http.client — HTTP protocol client
  • HTTPConnection
  • HTTPSConnection
  • HTTPResponse
  • parse_headers()
  • HTTPException
  • NotConnected
  • InvalidURL
  • UnknownProtocol
  • UnknownTransferEncoding
  • UnimplementedFileMode
  • IncompleteRead
  • ImproperConnectionState
  • CannotSendRequest
  • CannotSendHeader
  • ResponseNotReady
  • BadStatusLine
  • LineTooLong
  • RemoteDisconnected
  • HTTP_PORT
  • HTTPS_PORT
  • responses
  • Objetos de HTTPConnection
    • request()
    • getresponse()
    • set_debuglevel()
    • set_tunnel()
    • get_proxy_response_headers()
    • connect()
    • close()
    • blocksize
    • putrequest()
    • putheader()
    • endheaders()
    • send()
  • Objetos de HTTPResponse
    • read()
    • readinto()
    • getheader()
    • getheaders()
    • fileno()
    • msg
    • version
    • url
    • headers
    • status
    • reason
    • debuglevel
    • closed
    • geturl()
    • info()
    • getcode()
  • Ejemplos
  • Objetos de HTTPMessage
    • HTTPMessage
• ftplib — FTP protocol client
  • Reference
    • FTP objects
      • FTP
        • set_debuglevel()
        • connect()
        • getwelcome()
        • login()
        • abort()
        • sendcmd()
        • voidcmd()
        • retrbinary()
        • retrlines()
        • set_pasv()
        • storbinary()
        • storlines()
        • transfercmd()
        • ntransfercmd()
        • mlsd()
        • nlst()
        • dir()
        • rename()
        • delete()
        • cwd()
        • mkd()
        • pwd()
        • rmd()
        • size()
        • quit()
        • close()
    • FTP_TLS objects
      • FTP_TLS
        • ssl_version
        • auth()
        • ccc()
        • prot_p()
        • prot_c()
    • Module variables
      • error_reply
      • error_temp
      • error_perm
      • error_proto
      • all_errors
• poplib — POP3 protocol client
  • POP3
  • POP3_SSL
  • error_proto
  • Objetos POP3
    • set_debuglevel()
    • getwelcome()
    • capa()
    • user()
    • pass_()
    • apop()
    • rpop()
    • stat()
    • list()
    • retr()
    • dele()
    • rset()
    • noop()
    • quit()
    • top()
    • uidl()
    • utf8()
    • stls()
  • Ejemplo POP3
• imaplib — IMAP4 protocol client
  • IMAP4
  • error
  • abort
  • readonly
  • IMAP4_SSL
  • IMAP4_stream
  • Internaldate2tuple()
  • Int2AP()
  • ParseFlags()
  • Time2Internaldate()
  • Objetos de IMAP4
    • append()
    • authenticate()
    • check()
    • close()
    • copy()
    • create()
    • delete()
    • deleteacl()
    • enable()
    • expunge()
    • fetch()
    • getacl()
    • getannotation()
    • getquota()
    • getquotaroot()
    • list()
    • login()
    • login_cram_md5()
    • logout()
    • lsub()
    • myrights()
    • namespace()
    • noop()
    • open()
    • partial()
    • proxyauth()
    • read()
    • readline()
    • recent()
    • rename()
    • response()
    • search()
    • select()
    • send()
    • setacl()
    • setannotation()
    • setquota()
    • shutdown()
    • socket()
    • sort()
    • starttls()
    • status()
    • store()
    • subscribe()
    • thread()
    • uid()
    • unsubscribe()
    • unselect()
    • xatom()
    • PROTOCOL_VERSION
    • debug
    • utf8_enabled
  • Ejemplo IMAP4
• smtplib — SMTP protocol client
  • SMTP
  • SMTP_SSL
  • LMTP
  • SMTPException
  • SMTPServerDisconnected
  • SMTPResponseException
  • SMTPSenderRefused
  • SMTPRecipientsRefused
  • SMTPDataError
  • SMTPConnectError
  • SMTPHeloError
  • SMTPNotSupportedError
  • SMTPAuthenticationError
  • Objetos SMTP
    • set_debuglevel()
    • docmd()
    • connect()
    • helo()
    • ehlo()
    • ehlo_or_helo_if_needed()
    • has_extn()
    • verify()
    • login()
    • auth()
    • starttls()
    • sendmail()
    • send_message()
    • quit()
  • Ejemplo SMTP
• uuid — UUID objects according to RFC 9562
  • SafeUUID
    • safe
    • unsafe
    • unknown
  • UUID
  • bytes
  • bytes_le
  • fields
  • time_low
  • time_mid
  • time_hi_version
  • clock_seq_hi_variant
  • clock_seq_low
  • node
  • time
  • clock_seq
  • hex
  • int
  • urn
  • variant
  • version
  • is_safe
  • getnode()
  • uuid1()
  • uuid3()
  • uuid4()
  • uuid5()
  • uuid8()
  • NAMESPACE_DNS
  • NAMESPACE_URL
  • NAMESPACE_OID
  • NAMESPACE_X500
  • RESERVED_NCS
  • RFC_4122
  • RESERVED_MICROSOFT
  • RESERVED_FUTURE
  • Uso de la línea de comandos
  • Ejemplo
  • Ejemplo de línea de comandos
• socketserver — A framework for network servers
  • TCPServer
  • UDPServer
  • UnixStreamServer
  • UnixDatagramServer
  • Notas de creación del servidor
    • ForkingMixIn
    • ThreadingMixIn
      • block_on_close
      • max_children
      • daemon_threads
    • ForkingTCPServer
    • ForkingUDPServer
    • ThreadingTCPServer
    • ThreadingUDPServer
    • ForkingUnixStreamServer
    • ForkingUnixDatagramServer
    • ThreadingUnixStreamServer
    • ThreadingUnixDatagramServer
  • Objetos de servidor
    • BaseServer
      • fileno()
      • handle_request()
      • serve_forever()
      • service_actions()
      • shutdown()
      • server_close()
      • address_family
      • RequestHandlerClass
      • server_address
      • socket
      • allow_reuse_address
      • request_queue_size
      • socket_type
      • timeout
      • finish_request()
      • get_request()
      • handle_error()
      • handle_timeout()
      • process_request()
      • server_activate()
      • server_bind()
      • verify_request()
  • Solicitar objetos de controlador
    • BaseRequestHandler
      • setup()
      • handle()
      • finish()
      • request
      • client_address
      • server
    • StreamRequestHandler
    • DatagramRequestHandler
      • rfile
      • wfile
  • Ejemplos
    • socketserver.TCPServer Ejemplo
    • socketserver.UDPServer Ejemplo
    • Mixins asincrónicos
• http.server — HTTP servers
  • HTTPServer
  • ThreadingHTTPServer
  • BaseHTTPRequestHandler
    • client_address
    • server
    • close_connection
    • requestline
    • command
    • path
    • request_version
    • headers
    • rfile
    • wfile
    • server_version
    • sys_version
    • error_message_format
    • error_content_type
    • protocol_version
    • MessageClass
    • responses
    • handle()
    • handle_one_request()
    • handle_expect_100()
    • send_error()
    • send_response()
    • send_header()
    • send_response_only()
    • end_headers()
    • flush_headers()
    • log_request()
    • log_error()
    • log_message()
    • version_string()
    • date_time_string()
    • log_date_time_string()
    • address_string()
  • SimpleHTTPRequestHandler
    • server_version
    • extensions_map
    • do_HEAD()
    • do_GET()
  • CGIHTTPRequestHandler
    • cgi_directories
    • do_POST()
  • Consideraciones de seguridad
• http.cookies — HTTP state management
  • CookieError
  • BaseCookie
  • SimpleCookie
  • Objetos de cookie
    • value_decode()
    • value_encode()
    • output()
    • js_output()
    • load()
  • Objetos Morsel
    • Morsel
      • expires
      • path
      • comment
      • domain
      • secure
      • version
      • httponly
      • samesite
    • value
    • coded_value
    • key
    • set()
    • isReservedKey()
    • output()
    • js_output()
    • OutputString()
    • update()
    • copy()
    • setdefault()
  • Ejemplo
• http.cookiejar — Cookie handling for HTTP clients
  • LoadError
  • CookieJar
  • FileCookieJar
  • CookiePolicy
  • DefaultCookiePolicy
  • Cookie
  • Objetos CookieJar y FileCookieJar
    • add_cookie_header()
    • extract_cookies()
    • set_policy()
    • make_cookies()
    • set_cookie_if_ok()
    • set_cookie()
    • clear()
    • clear_session_cookies()
    • save()
    • load()
    • revert()
    • filename
    • delayload
  • Subclases FileCookieJar y co-operación con navegadores web
    • MozillaCookieJar
    • LWPCookieJar
  • Objetos CookiePolicy
    • set_ok()
    • return_ok()
    • domain_return_ok()
    • path_return_ok()
    • netscape
    • rfc2965
    • hide_cookie2
  • Objetos DefaultCookiePolicy
    • blocked_domains()
    • set_blocked_domains()
    • is_blocked()
    • allowed_domains()
    • set_allowed_domains()
    • is_not_allowed()
    • rfc2109_as_netscape
    • strict_domain
    • strict_rfc2965_unverifiable
    • strict_ns_unverifiable
    • strict_ns_domain
    • strict_ns_set_initial_dollar
    • strict_ns_set_path
    • DomainStrictNoDots
    • DomainStrictNonDomain
    • DomainRFC2965Match
    • DomainLiberal
    • DomainStrict
  • Objetos Cookie
    • version
    • name
    • value
    • port
    • domain
    • path
    • secure
    • expires
    • discard
    • comment
    • comment_url
    • rfc2109
    • port_specified
    • domain_specified
    • domain_initial_dot
    • has_nonstandard_attr()
    • get_nonstandard_attr()
    • set_nonstandard_attr()
    • is_expired()
  • Ejemplos
• xmlrpc — Módulos XMLRPC para cliente y servidor
• xmlrpc.client — XML-RPC client access
  • ServerProxy
  • Objetos ServerProxy
    • listMethods()
    • methodSignature()
    • methodHelp()
  • Objetos DateTime
    • DateTime
      • decode()
      • encode()
  • Objetos binarios
    • Binary
      • data
      • decode()
      • encode()
  • Objetos Faults
    • Fault
      • faultCode
      • faultString
  • Objetos ProtocolError
    • ProtocolError
      • url
      • errcode
      • errmsg
      • headers
  • Objetos MultiCall
    • MultiCall
  • Funciones de Conveniencia
    • dumps()
    • loads()
  • Ejemplo de uso de cliente
  • Ejemplo de uso de cliente y servidor
• xmlrpc.server — Basic XML-RPC servers
  • SimpleXMLRPCServer
  • CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler
  • SimpleXMLRPCRequestHandler
  • Objetos SimpleXMLRPCServer
    • register_function()
    • register_instance()
    • register_introspection_functions()
    • register_multicall_functions()
    • rpc_paths
    • Ejemplo de SimpleXMLRPCServer
  • CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler
    • register_function()
    • register_instance()
    • register_introspection_functions()
    • register_multicall_functions()
    • handle_request()
  • Documentando el servidor XMLRPC
    • DocXMLRPCServer
    • DocCGIXMLRPCRequestHandler
    • DocXMLRPCRequestHandler
  • Objetos DocXMLRPCServer
    • set_server_title()
    • set_server_name()
    • set_server_documentation()
  • DocCGIXMLRPCRequestHandler
    • set_server_title()
    • set_server_name()
    • set_server_documentation()
• ipaddress — IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library
  • Funciones de fábrica de conveniencia
    • ip_address()
    • ip_network()
    • ip_interface()
  • Direcciones IP
    • Objetos de dirección
      • IPv4Address
        • version
        • max_prefixlen
        • compressed
        • exploded
        • packed
        • reverse_pointer
        • is_multicast
        • is_private
        • is_global
        • is_unspecified
        • is_reserved
        • is_loopback
        • is_link_local
        • ipv6_mapped
      • __format__()
      • IPv6Address
        • compressed
        • exploded
        • packed
        • reverse_pointer
        • version
        • max_prefixlen
        • is_multicast
        • is_private
        • is_global
        • is_unspecified
        • is_reserved
        • is_loopback
        • is_link_local
        • is_site_local
        • ipv4_mapped
        • scope_id
        • sixtofour
        • teredo
      • __format__()
    • Conversión a cadenas y enteros
    • Operadores
      • Operadores de comparación
      • Operadores aritméticos
  • Definiciones de red IP
    • Prefijo, máscara de red y máscara de host
    • Objetos de red
      • IPv4Network
        • version
        • max_prefixlen
        • is_multicast
        • is_private
        • is_unspecified
        • is_reserved
        • is_loopback
        • is_link_local
        • network_address
        • broadcast_address
        • hostmask
        • netmask
        • with_prefixlen
        • compressed
        • exploded
        • with_netmask
        • with_hostmask
        • num_addresses
        • prefixlen
        • hosts()
        • overlaps()
        • address_exclude()
        • subnets()
        • supernet()
        • subnet_of()
        • supernet_of()
        • compare_networks()
      • IPv6Network
        • version
        • max_prefixlen
        • is_multicast
        • is_private
        • is_unspecified
        • is_reserved
        • is_loopback
        • is_link_local
        • network_address
        • broadcast_address
        • hostmask
        • netmask
        • with_prefixlen
        • compressed
        • exploded
        • with_netmask
        • with_hostmask
        • num_addresses
        • prefixlen
        • hosts()
        • overlaps()
        • address_exclude()
        • subnets()
        • supernet()
        • subnet_of()
        • supernet_of()
        • compare_networks()
        • is_site_local
    • Operadores
      • Operadores lógicos
      • Iteración
      • Redes como contenedores de direcciones
  • Objetos de interfaz
    • IPv4Interface
      • ip
      • network
      • with_prefixlen
      • with_netmask
      • with_hostmask
    • IPv6Interface
      • ip
      • network
      • with_prefixlen
      • with_netmask
      • with_hostmask
    • Operadores
      • Operadores lógicos
  • Otras funciones de nivel de módulo
    • v4_int_to_packed()
    • v6_int_to_packed()
    • summarize_address_range()
    • collapse_addresses()
    • get_mixed_type_key()
  • Excepciones personalizadas
    • AddressValueError
    • NetmaskValueError