29.2. sysconfig
— Provide access to Python’s configuration information¶
Nuevo en la versión 3.2.
Source code: Lib/sysconfig.py
The sysconfig
module provides access to Python’s configuration
information like the list of installation paths and the configuration variables
relevant for the current platform.
29.2.1. Configuration variables¶
A Python distribution contains a Makefile
and a pyconfig.h
header file that are necessary to build both the Python binary itself and
third-party C extensions compiled using distutils
.
sysconfig
puts all variables found in these files in a dictionary that
can be accessed using get_config_vars()
or get_config_var()
.
Notice that on Windows, it’s a much smaller set.
-
sysconfig.
get_config_vars
(*args)¶ With no arguments, return a dictionary of all configuration variables relevant for the current platform.
With arguments, return a list of values that result from looking up each argument in the configuration variable dictionary.
For each argument, if the value is not found, return
None
.
-
sysconfig.
get_config_var
(name)¶ Return the value of a single variable name. Equivalent to
get_config_vars().get(name)
.If name is not found, return
None
.
Example of usage:
>>> import sysconfig
>>> sysconfig.get_config_var('Py_ENABLE_SHARED')
0
>>> sysconfig.get_config_var('LIBDIR')
'/usr/local/lib'
>>> sysconfig.get_config_vars('AR', 'CXX')
['ar', 'g++']
29.2.2. Installation paths¶
Python uses an installation scheme that differs depending on the platform and on
the installation options. These schemes are stored in sysconfig
under
unique identifiers based on the value returned by os.name
.
Every new component that is installed using distutils
or a
Distutils-based system will follow the same scheme to copy its file in the right
places.
Python currently supports seven schemes:
- posix_prefix: scheme for Posix platforms like Linux or Mac OS X. This is the default scheme used when Python or a component is installed.
- posix_home: scheme for Posix platforms used when a home option is used upon installation. This scheme is used when a component is installed through Distutils with a specific home prefix.
- posix_user: scheme for Posix platforms used when a component is installed through Distutils and the user option is used. This scheme defines paths located under the user home directory.
- nt: scheme for NT platforms like Windows.
- nt_user: scheme for NT platforms, when the user option is used.
Each scheme is itself composed of a series of paths and each path has a unique identifier. Python currently uses eight paths:
- stdlib: directory containing the standard Python library files that are not platform-specific.
- platstdlib: directory containing the standard Python library files that are platform-specific.
- platlib: directory for site-specific, platform-specific files.
- purelib: directory for site-specific, non-platform-specific files.
- include: directory for non-platform-specific header files.
- platinclude: directory for platform-specific header files.
- scripts: directory for script files.
- data: directory for data files.
sysconfig
provides some functions to determine these paths.
-
sysconfig.
get_scheme_names
()¶ Return a tuple containing all schemes currently supported in
sysconfig
.
-
sysconfig.
get_path_names
()¶ Return a tuple containing all path names currently supported in
sysconfig
.
-
sysconfig.
get_path
(name[, scheme[, vars[, expand]]])¶ Return an installation path corresponding to the path name, from the install scheme named scheme.
name has to be a value from the list returned by
get_path_names()
.sysconfig
stores installation paths corresponding to each path name, for each platform, with variables to be expanded. For instance the stdlib path for the nt scheme is:{base}/Lib
.get_path()
will use the variables returned byget_config_vars()
to expand the path. All variables have default values for each platform so one may call this function and get the default value.If scheme is provided, it must be a value from the list returned by
get_scheme_names()
. Otherwise, the default scheme for the current platform is used.If vars is provided, it must be a dictionary of variables that will update the dictionary return by
get_config_vars()
.If expand is set to
False
, the path will not be expanded using the variables.If name is not found, return
None
.
-
sysconfig.
get_paths
([scheme[, vars[, expand]]])¶ Return a dictionary containing all installation paths corresponding to an installation scheme. See
get_path()
for more information.If scheme is not provided, will use the default scheme for the current platform.
If vars is provided, it must be a dictionary of variables that will update the dictionary used to expand the paths.
If expand is set to false, the paths will not be expanded.
If scheme is not an existing scheme,
get_paths()
will raise aKeyError
.
29.2.3. Other functions¶
-
sysconfig.
get_python_version
()¶ Return the
MAJOR.MINOR
Python version number as a string. Similar tosys.version[:3]
.
-
sysconfig.
get_platform
()¶ Return a string that identifies the current platform.
This is used mainly to distinguish platform-specific build directories and platform-specific built distributions. Typically includes the OS name and version and the architecture (as supplied by
os.uname()
), although the exact information included depends on the OS; e.g. for IRIX the architecture isn’t particularly important (IRIX only runs on SGI hardware), but for Linux the kernel version isn’t particularly important.Examples of returned values:
- linux-i586
- linux-alpha (?)
- solaris-2.6-sun4u
- irix-5.3
- irix64-6.2
Windows will return one of:
- win-amd64 (64bit Windows on AMD64 (aka x86_64, Intel64, EM64T, etc)
- win-ia64 (64bit Windows on Itanium)
- win32 (all others - specifically, sys.platform is returned)
Mac OS X can return:
- macosx-10.6-ppc
- macosx-10.4-ppc64
- macosx-10.3-i386
- macosx-10.4-fat
For other non-POSIX platforms, currently just returns
sys.platform
.
-
sysconfig.
is_python_build
()¶ Return
True
if the running Python interpreter was built from source and is being run from its built location, and not from a location resulting from e.g. runningmake install
or installing via a binary installer.
-
sysconfig.
parse_config_h
(fp[, vars])¶ Parse a
config.h
-style file.fp is a file-like object pointing to the
config.h
-like file.A dictionary containing name/value pairs is returned. If an optional dictionary is passed in as the second argument, it is used instead of a new dictionary, and updated with the values read in the file.
-
sysconfig.
get_config_h_filename
()¶ Return the path of
pyconfig.h
.
-
sysconfig.
get_makefile_filename
()¶ Return the path of
Makefile
.
29.2.4. Using sysconfig
as a script¶
You can use sysconfig
as a script with Python’s -m option:
$ python -m sysconfig
Platform: "macosx-10.4-i386"
Python version: "3.2"
Current installation scheme: "posix_prefix"
Paths:
data = "/usr/local"
include = "/Users/tarek/Dev/svn.python.org/py3k/Include"
platinclude = "."
platlib = "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/site-packages"
platstdlib = "/usr/local/lib/python3.2"
purelib = "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/site-packages"
scripts = "/usr/local/bin"
stdlib = "/usr/local/lib/python3.2"
Variables:
AC_APPLE_UNIVERSAL_BUILD = "0"
AIX_GENUINE_CPLUSPLUS = "0"
AR = "ar"
ARFLAGS = "rc"
...
This call will print in the standard output the information returned by
get_platform()
, get_python_version()
, get_path()
and
get_config_vars()
.