# 位元組物件 (Bytes Objects) — Python 3.13.2 說明文件
These functions raise TypeError when expecting a bytes parameter and called with a non-bytes parameter.

# 位元組物件 (Bytes Objects)

These functions raise `TypeError` when expecting a bytes parameter and called with a non-bytes parameter.

type PyBytesObject

  This subtype of `PyObject` represents a Python bytes object.

PyTypeObject PyBytes_Type
  為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.

  This instance of `PyTypeObject` represents the Python bytes type; it is the same object as `bytes` in the Python layer.

int PyBytes_Check( PyObject *o)

  Return true if the object o is a bytes object or an instance of a subtype of the bytes type. This function always succeeds.

int PyBytes_CheckExact( PyObject *o)

  Return true if the object o is a bytes object, but not an instance of a subtype of the bytes type. This function always succeeds.

PyObject *PyBytes_FromString(const char *v)
  回傳值：新的參照。 為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.

  Return a new bytes object with a copy of the string v as value on success, and `NULL` on failure. The parameter v must not be `NULL`; it will not be checked.

PyObject *PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(const char *v, Py_ssize_t len)
  回傳值：新的參照。 為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.

  Return a new bytes object with a copy of the string v as value and length len on success, and `NULL` on failure. If v is `NULL`, the contents of the bytes object are uninitialized.

PyObject *PyBytes_FromFormat(const char *format, ...)
  回傳值：新的參照。 為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.

  Take a C `printf()`-style format string and a variable number of arguments, calculate the size of the resulting Python bytes object and return a bytes object with the values formatted into it. The variable arguments must be C types and must correspond exactly to the format characters in the format string. The following format characters are allowed:

  Format Characters | Type | Comment
  --- | --- | ---
  `%%` | n/a | The literal % character.
  `%c` | int | A single byte, represented as a C int.
  `%d` | int | 等價於 `printf("%d")`. [1]
  `%u` | unsigned int | 等價於 `printf("%u")`. [1]
  `%ld` | long | 等價於 `printf("%ld")`. [1]
  `%lu` | unsigned long | 等價於 `printf("%lu")`. [1]
  `%zd` | `Py_ssize_t` | 等價於 `printf("%zd")`. [1]
  `%zu` | size_t | 等價於 `printf("%zu")`. [1]
  `%i` | int | 等價於 `printf("%i")`. [1]
  `%x` | int | 等價於 `printf("%x")`. [1]
  `%s` | const char* | A null-terminated C character array.
  `%p` | const void* | The hex representation of a C pointer. Mostly equivalent to `printf("%p")` except that it is guaranteed to start with the literal `0x` regardless of what the platform's `printf` yields.

  An unrecognized format character causes all the rest of the format string to be copied as-is to the result object, and any extra arguments discarded.

  [1] (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8)

  For integer specifiers (d, u, ld, lu, zd, zu, i, x): the 0-conversion flag has effect even when a precision is given.

PyObject *PyBytes_FromFormatV(const char *format, va_list vargs)
  回傳值：新的參照。 為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.

  Identical to `PyBytes_FromFormat()` except that it takes exactly two arguments.

PyObject *PyBytes_FromObject( PyObject *o)
  回傳值：新的參照。 為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.

  Return the bytes representation of object o that implements the buffer protocol.

Py_ssize_t PyBytes_Size( PyObject *o)
  為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.

  Return the length of the bytes in bytes object o.

Py_ssize_t PyBytes_GET_SIZE( PyObject *o)

  Similar to `PyBytes_Size()`, but without error checking.

char *PyBytes_AsString( PyObject *o)
  為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.

  Return a pointer to the contents of o. The pointer refers to the internal buffer of o, which consists of `len(o) + 1` bytes. The last byte in the buffer is always null, regardless of whether there are any other null bytes. The data must not be modified in any way, unless the object was just created using `PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, size)`. It must not be deallocated. If o is not a bytes object at all, `PyBytes_AsString()` returns `NULL` and raises `TypeError`.

char *PyBytes_AS_STRING( PyObject *string)

  Similar to `PyBytes_AsString()`, but without error checking.

int PyBytes_AsStringAndSize( PyObject *obj, char **buffer, Py_ssize_t *length)
  為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.

  Return the null-terminated contents of the object obj through the output variables buffer and length. Returns `0` on success.

  If length is `NULL`, the bytes object may not contain embedded null bytes; if it does, the function returns `-1` and a `ValueError` is raised.

  The buffer refers to an internal buffer of obj, which includes an additional null byte at the end (not counted in length). The data must not be modified in any way, unless the object was just created using `PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, size)`. It must not be deallocated. If obj is not a bytes object at all, `PyBytes_AsStringAndSize()` returns `-1` and raises `TypeError`.

  在 3.5 版的變更: Previously, `TypeError` was raised when embedded null bytes were encountered in the bytes object.

void PyBytes_Concat( PyObject **bytes, PyObject *newpart)
  為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.

  Create a new bytes object in *bytes containing the contents of newpart appended to bytes; the caller will own the new reference. The reference to the old value of bytes will be stolen. If the new object cannot be created, the old reference to bytes will still be discarded and the value of *bytes will be set to `NULL`; the appropriate exception will be set.

void PyBytes_ConcatAndDel( PyObject **bytes, PyObject *newpart)
  為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.

  Create a new bytes object in *bytes containing the contents of newpart appended to bytes. This version releases the strong reference to newpart (i.e. decrements its reference count).

int _PyBytes_Resize( PyObject **bytes, Py_ssize_t newsize)

  Resize a bytes object. newsize will be the new length of the bytes object. You can think of it as creating a new bytes object and destroying the old one, only more efficiently. Pass the address of an existing bytes object as an lvalue (it may be written into), and the new size desired. On success, *bytes holds the resized bytes object and `0` is returned; the address in *bytes may differ from its input value. If the reallocation fails, the original bytes object at *bytes is deallocated, *bytes is set to `NULL`, `MemoryError` is set, and `-1` is returned.