"platform" ---  获取底层平台的标识数据
**************************************

**示例代码：** Lib/platform.py

======================================================================

備註:

  Specific platforms listed alphabetically, with Linux included in the
  Unix section.


跨平台
======

platform.architecture(executable=sys.executable, bits='', linkage='')

   Queries the given executable (defaults to the Python interpreter
   binary) for various architecture information.

   Returns a tuple "(bits, linkage)" which contain information about
   the bit architecture and the linkage format used for the
   executable. Both values are returned as strings.

   Values that cannot be determined are returned as given by the
   parameter presets. If bits is given as "''", the "sizeof(pointer)"
   (or "sizeof(long)" on Python version < 1.5.2) is used as indicator
   for the supported pointer size.

   The function relies on the system's "file" command to do the actual
   work. This is available on most if not all Unix  platforms and some
   non-Unix platforms and then only if the executable points to the
   Python interpreter.  Reasonable defaults are used when the above
   needs are not met.

   備註:

     On Mac OS X (and perhaps other platforms), executable files may
     be universal files containing multiple architectures.To get at
     the "64-bitness" of the current interpreter, it is more reliable
     to query the "sys.maxsize" attribute:

        is_64bits = sys.maxsize > 2**32

platform.machine()

   Returns the machine type, e.g. "'i386'". An empty string is
   returned if the value cannot be determined.

platform.node()

   Returns the computer's network name (may not be fully qualified!).
   An empty string is returned if the value cannot be determined.

platform.platform(aliased=0, terse=0)

   Returns a single string identifying the underlying platform with as
   much useful information as possible.

   The output is intended to be *human readable* rather than machine
   parseable. It may look different on different platforms and this is
   intended.

   If *aliased* is true, the function will use aliases for various
   platforms that report system names which differ from their common
   names, for example SunOS will be reported as Solaris.  The
   "system_alias()" function is used to implement this.

   Setting *terse* to true causes the function to return only the
   absolute minimum information needed to identify the platform.

   3.8 版更變: On macOS, the function now uses "mac_ver()", if it
   returns a non-empty release string, to get the macOS version rather
   than the darwin version.

platform.processor()

   Returns the (real) processor name, e.g. "'amdk6'".

   An empty string is returned if the value cannot be determined. Note
   that many platforms do not provide this information or simply
   return the same value as for "machine()".  NetBSD does this.

platform.python_build()

   Returns a tuple "(buildno, builddate)" stating the Python build
   number and date as strings.

platform.python_compiler()

   Returns a string identifying the compiler used for compiling
   Python.

platform.python_branch()

   Returns a string identifying the Python implementation SCM branch.

platform.python_implementation()

   Returns a string identifying the Python implementation. Possible
   return values are: 'CPython', 'IronPython', 'Jython', 'PyPy'.

platform.python_revision()

   Returns a string identifying the Python implementation SCM
   revision.

platform.python_version()

   Returns the Python version as string "'major.minor.patchlevel'".

   Note that unlike the Python "sys.version", the returned value will
   always include the patchlevel (it defaults to 0).

platform.python_version_tuple()

   Returns the Python version as tuple "(major, minor, patchlevel)" of
   strings.

   Note that unlike the Python "sys.version", the returned value will
   always include the patchlevel (it defaults to "'0'").

platform.release()

   Returns the system's release, e.g. "'2.2.0'" or "'NT'" An empty
   string is returned if the value cannot be determined.

platform.system()

   Returns the system/OS name, such as "'Linux'", "'Darwin'",
   "'Java'", "'Windows'". An empty string is returned if the value
   cannot be determined.

platform.system_alias(system, release, version)

   Returns "(system, release, version)" aliased to common marketing
   names used for some systems.  It also does some reordering of the
   information in some cases where it would otherwise cause confusion.

platform.version()

   Returns the system's release version, e.g. "'#3 on degas'". An
   empty string is returned if the value cannot be determined.

platform.uname()

   Fairly portable uname interface. Returns a "namedtuple()"
   containing six attributes: "system", "node", "release", "version",
   "machine", and "processor".

   Note that this adds a sixth attribute ("processor") not present in
   the "os.uname()" result.  Also, the attribute names are different
   for the first two attributes; "os.uname()" names them "sysname" and
   "nodename".

   Entries which cannot be determined are set to "''".

   3.3 版更變: 将结果从元组改为命名元组。


Java平台
========

platform.java_ver(release='', vendor='', vminfo=('', '', ''), osinfo=('', '', ''))

   Jython的版本接口

   Returns a tuple "(release, vendor, vminfo, osinfo)" with *vminfo*
   being a tuple "(vm_name, vm_release, vm_vendor)" and *osinfo* being
   a tuple "(os_name, os_version, os_arch)". Values which cannot be
   determined are set to the defaults given as parameters (which all
   default to "''").


Windows平台
===========

platform.win32_ver(release='', version='', csd='', ptype='')

   Get additional version information from the Windows Registry and
   return a tuple "(release, version, csd, ptype)" referring to OS
   release, version number, CSD level (service pack) and OS type
   (multi/single processor).

   As a hint: *ptype* is "'Uniprocessor Free'" on single processor NT
   machines and "'Multiprocessor Free'" on multi processor machines.
   The *'Free'* refers to the OS version being free of debugging code.
   It could also state *'Checked'* which means the OS version uses
   debugging code, i.e. code that checks arguments, ranges, etc.

   備註:

     This function works best with Mark Hammond's "win32all" package
     installed, but also on Python 2.3 and later (support for this was
     added in Python 2.6). It obviously only runs on Win32 compatible
     platforms.

platform.win32_edition()

   Returns a string representing the current Windows edition.
   Possible values include but are not limited to "'Enterprise'",
   "'IoTUAP'", "'ServerStandard'", and "'nanoserver'".

   3.8 版新加入.

platform.win32_is_iot()

   Return "True" if the Windows edition returned by "win32_edition()"
   is recognized as an IoT edition.

   3.8 版新加入.


Mac OS平台
==========

platform.mac_ver(release='', versioninfo=('', '', ''), machine='')

   Get Mac OS version information and return it as tuple "(release,
   versioninfo, machine)" with *versioninfo* being a tuple "(version,
   dev_stage, non_release_version)".

   Entries which cannot be determined are set to "''".  All tuple
   entries are strings.


Unix Platforms
==============

platform.libc_ver(executable=sys.executable, lib='', version='', chunksize=16384)

   Tries to determine the libc version against which the file
   executable (defaults to the Python interpreter) is linked.  Returns
   a tuple of strings "(lib, version)" which default to the given
   parameters in case the lookup fails.

   Note that this function has intimate knowledge of how different
   libc versions add symbols to the executable is probably only usable
   for executables compiled using **gcc**.

   The file is read and scanned in chunks of *chunksize* bytes.
