Unix syslog 库例程


此模块提供一个接口到Unix syslog 日常库. 参考 Unix 手册页关于 syslog 设施的详细描述.

此模块包装了系统的 syslog 例程族。 一个能与 syslog 服务器对话的纯 Python 库则以 logging.handlers 模块中 SysLogHandler 类的形式提供。

这个模块定义了以下函数:

syslog.syslog(message)
syslog.syslog(priority, message)

将字符串 message 发送到系统日志记录器。 如有必要会添加末尾换行符。 每条消息都带有一个由 facilitylevel 组成的优先级标价签。 可选的 priority 参数默认值为 LOG_INFO,它确定消息的优先级。 如果未在 priority 中使用逻辑或 (LOG_INFO | LOG_USER) 对 facility 进行编码,则会使用在 openlog() 调用中所给定的值。

如果 openlog() 未在对 syslog() 的调用之前被调用,则将不带参数地调用 openlog()

引发 审计事件 syslog.syslog 使用参数 priority, message.

syslog.openlog([ident[, logoption[, facility]]])

后续 syslog() 调用的日志选项可以通过调用 openlog() 来设置。 如果日志当前未打开则 syslog() 将不带参数地调用 openlog()

The optional ident keyword argument is a string which is prepended to every message, and defaults to sys.argv[0] with leading path components stripped. The optional logoption keyword argument (default is 0) is a bit field -- see below for possible values to combine. The optional facility keyword argument (default is LOG_USER) sets the default facility for messages which do not have a facility explicitly encoded.

引发 审计事件 syslog.openlog 使用参数 ident, logoption, facility.

3.2 版更變: In previous versions, keyword arguments were not allowed, and ident was required. The default for ident was dependent on the system libraries, and often was python instead of the name of the Python program file.

syslog.closelog()

重置日志模块值并且调用系统库 closelog().

This causes the module to behave as it does when initially imported. For example, openlog() will be called on the first syslog() call (if openlog() hasn't already been called), and ident and other openlog() parameters are reset to defaults.

引发一个 审计事件 syslog.closelog 不附带任何参数。

syslog.setlogmask(maskpri)

Set the priority mask to maskpri and return the previous mask value. Calls to syslog() with a priority level not set in maskpri are ignored. The default is to log all priorities. The function LOG_MASK(pri) calculates the mask for the individual priority pri. The function LOG_UPTO(pri) calculates the mask for all priorities up to and including pri.

引发一个 审计事件 syslog.setlogmask 附带参数 maskpri

此模块定义了一下常量:

优先级级别 (高到低):

LOG_EMERG, LOG_ALERT, LOG_CRIT, LOG_ERR, LOG_WARNING, LOG_NOTICE, LOG_INFO, LOG_DEBUG.

设施:

LOG_KERN, LOG_USER, LOG_MAIL, LOG_DAEMON, LOG_AUTH, LOG_LPR, LOG_NEWS, LOG_UUCP, LOG_CRON, LOG_SYSLOG, LOG_LOCAL0 to LOG_LOCAL7,如果 <syslog.h> 中有定义则还有 LOG_AUTHPRIV

日志选项:

LOG_PID, LOG_CONS, LOG_NDELAY,如果 <syslog.h> 中有定义则还有 LOG_ODELAY, LOG_NOWAIT 以及 LOG_PERROR

示例

简单示例

一个简单的示例集:

import syslog

syslog.syslog('Processing started')
if error:
    syslog.syslog(syslog.LOG_ERR, 'Processing started')

一个设置多种日志选项的示例,其中有在日志消息中包含进程 ID,以及将消息写入用于邮件日志记录的目标设施等:

syslog.openlog(logoption=syslog.LOG_PID, facility=syslog.LOG_MAIL)
syslog.syslog('E-mail processing initiated...')