# `glob` --- Unix 风格路径名模式扩展

源代码: Lib/glob.py

`glob` 模块可根据 Unix 终端所用规则找出所有匹配特定模式的路径名，但会按不确定的顺序返回结果。 波浪号扩展不会生效，但 `*`, `?` 以及表示为 `[]` 的字符范围将被正确地匹配。 这是通过配合使用 `os.scandir()` 和 `fnmatch.fnmatch()` 函数来实现的，而不是通过实际发起调用子终端。 请注意不同于 `fnmatch.fnmatch()`，`glob` 会将以点号 (`.`) 开头的文件名作为特殊情况来处理。 （对于波浪号和终端变量扩展，请使用 `os.path.expanduser()` 和 `os.path.expandvars()`。）

对于字面值匹配，请将原字符用方括号括起来。 例如，`'[?]'` 将匹配字符 `'?'`。

也參考

`pathlib` 模块提供高级路径对象。

`glob.``glob`(pathname, *, recursive=False)

  Return a possibly-empty list of path names that match pathname, which must be a string containing a path specification. pathname can be either absolute (like `/usr/src/Python-1.5/Makefile`) or relative (like `../../Tools/*/*.gif`), and can contain shell-style wildcards. Broken symlinks are included in the results (as in the shell). Whether or not the results are sorted depends on the file system.

  If recursive is true, the pattern "`**`" will match any files and zero or more directories, subdirectories and symbolic links to directories. If the pattern is followed by an `os.sep` or `os.altsep` then files will not match.

  Raises an auditing event `glob.glob` with arguments `pathname`, `recursive`.

  備註

  在一个较大的目录树中使用 "`**`" 模式可能会消耗非常多的时间。

  3.5 版更變: Support for recursive globs using "`**`".

`glob.``iglob`(pathname, *, recursive=False)

  Return an iterator which yields the same values as `glob()` without actually storing them all simultaneously.

  Raises an auditing event `glob.glob` with arguments `pathname`, `recursive`.

`glob.``escape`(pathname)

  Escape all special characters (`'?'`, `'*'` and `'['`). This is useful if you want to match an arbitrary literal string that may have special characters in it. Special characters in drive/UNC sharepoints are not escaped, e.g. on Windows `escape('//?/c:/Quo vadis?.txt')` returns `'//?/c:/Quo vadis[?].txt'`.

  3.4 版新加入.

For example, consider a directory containing the following files: `1.gif`, `2.txt`, `card.gif` and a subdirectory `sub` which contains only the file `3.txt`. `glob()` will produce the following results. Notice how any leading components of the path are preserved.

    >>> import glob
    >>> glob.glob('./[0-9].*')
    ['./1.gif', './2.txt']
    >>> glob.glob('*.gif')
    ['1.gif', 'card.gif']
    >>> glob.glob('?.gif')
    ['1.gif']
    >>> glob.glob('**/*.txt', recursive=True)
    ['2.txt', 'sub/3.txt']
    >>> glob.glob('./**/', recursive=True)
    ['./', './sub/']

If the directory contains files starting with `.` they won't be matched by default. For example, consider a directory containing `card.gif` and `.card.gif`:

    >>> import glob
    >>> glob.glob('*.gif')
    ['card.gif']
    >>> glob.glob('.c*')
    ['.card.gif']

也參考

Module `fnmatch`

  Shell-style filename (not path) expansion