"_thread" --- Low-level threading API
*************************************

======================================================================

This module provides low-level primitives for working with multiple
threads (also called *light-weight processes* or *tasks*) --- multiple
threads of control sharing their global data space.  For
synchronization, simple locks (also called *mutexes* or *binary
semaphores*) are provided. The "threading" module provides an easier
to use and higher-level threading API built on top of this module.

3.7 版更變: This module used to be optional, it is now always
available.

This module defines the following constants and functions:

exception _thread.error

   Raised on thread-specific errors.

   3.3 版更變: This is now a synonym of the built-in "RuntimeError".

_thread.LockType

   This is the type of lock objects.

_thread.start_new_thread(function, args[, kwargs])

   开启一个新线程并返回其标识。 线程执行函数 *function* 并附带参数列表
   *args* (必须是元组)。 可选的 *kwargs* 参数指定一个关键字参数字典。

   当函数返回时，线程会静默地退出。

   当函数因某个未处理异常而终结时，"sys.unraisablehook()" 会被调用以处
   理异常。 钩子参数的 *object* 属性为 *function*。 在默认情况下，会打
   印堆栈回溯然后该线程将退出（但其他线程会继续运行）。

   当函数引发 "SystemExit" 异常时，它会被静默地忽略。

   3.8 版更變: 现在会使用 "sys.unraisablehook()" 来处理未处理的异常。

_thread.interrupt_main()

   模拟一个 "signal.SIGINT" 信号到达主线程的效果。 线程可以使用这个函
   数来中断主线程。

   如果 Python 没有处理 "signal.SIGINT" (将它设为 "signal.SIG_DFL" 或
   "signal.SIG_IGN")，此函数将不做任何事。

_thread.exit()

   Raise the "SystemExit" exception.  When not caught, this will cause
   the thread to exit silently.

_thread.allocate_lock()

   Return a new lock object.  Methods of locks are described below.
   The lock is initially unlocked.

_thread.get_ident()

   Return the 'thread identifier' of the current thread.  This is a
   nonzero integer.  Its value has no direct meaning; it is intended
   as a magic cookie to be used e.g. to index a dictionary of thread-
   specific data.  Thread identifiers may be recycled when a thread
   exits and another thread is created.

_thread.get_native_id()

   返回内核分配给当前线程的原生集成线程 ID。 这是一个非负整数。 它的值
   可被用来在整个系统中唯一地标识这个特定线程（直到线程终结，在那之后
   该值可能会被 OS 回收再利用）。

   可用性: Windows, FreeBSD, Linux, macOS, OpenBSD, NetBSD, AIX。

   3.8 版新加入.

_thread.stack_size([size])

   Return the thread stack size used when creating new threads.  The
   optional *size* argument specifies the stack size to be used for
   subsequently created threads, and must be 0 (use platform or
   configured default) or a positive integer value of at least 32,768
   (32 KiB). If *size* is not specified, 0 is used.  If changing the
   thread stack size is unsupported, a "RuntimeError" is raised.  If
   the specified stack size is invalid, a "ValueError" is raised and
   the stack size is unmodified.  32 KiB is currently the minimum
   supported stack size value to guarantee sufficient stack space for
   the interpreter itself.  Note that some platforms may have
   particular restrictions on values for the stack size, such as
   requiring a minimum stack size > 32 KiB or requiring allocation in
   multiples of the system memory page size - platform documentation
   should be referred to for more information (4 KiB pages are common;
   using multiples of 4096 for the stack size is the suggested
   approach in the absence of more specific information).

   可用性: Windows，具有 POSIX 线程的系统。

_thread.TIMEOUT_MAX

   The maximum value allowed for the *timeout* parameter of
   "Lock.acquire()". Specifying a timeout greater than this value will
   raise an "OverflowError".

   3.2 版新加入.

Lock objects have the following methods:

lock.acquire(waitflag=1, timeout=-1)

   Without any optional argument, this method acquires the lock
   unconditionally, if necessary waiting until it is released by
   another thread (only one thread at a time can acquire a lock ---
   that's their reason for existence).

   If the integer *waitflag* argument is present, the action depends
   on its value: if it is zero, the lock is only acquired if it can be
   acquired immediately without waiting, while if it is nonzero, the
   lock is acquired unconditionally as above.

   If the floating-point *timeout* argument is present and positive,
   it specifies the maximum wait time in seconds before returning.  A
   negative *timeout* argument specifies an unbounded wait.  You
   cannot specify a *timeout* if *waitflag* is zero.

   The return value is "True" if the lock is acquired successfully,
   "False" if not.

   3.2 版更變: The *timeout* parameter is new.

   3.2 版更變: Lock acquires can now be interrupted by signals on
   POSIX.

lock.release()

   Releases the lock.  The lock must have been acquired earlier, but
   not necessarily by the same thread.

lock.locked()

   Return the status of the lock: "True" if it has been acquired by
   some thread, "False" if not.

In addition to these methods, lock objects can also be used via the
"with" statement, e.g.:

   import _thread

   a_lock = _thread.allocate_lock()

   with a_lock:
       print("a_lock is locked while this executes")

**Caveats:**

* Threads interact strangely with interrupts: the
  "KeyboardInterrupt" exception will be received by an arbitrary
  thread.  (When the "signal" module is available, interrupts always
  go to the main thread.)

* Calling "sys.exit()" or raising the "SystemExit" exception is
  equivalent to calling "_thread.exit()".

* It is not possible to interrupt the "acquire()" method on a lock
  --- the "KeyboardInterrupt" exception will happen after the lock has
  been acquired.

* When the main thread exits, it is system defined whether the other
  threads survive.  On most systems, they are killed without executing
  "try" ... "finally" clauses or executing object destructors.

* When the main thread exits, it does not do any of its usual
  cleanup (except that "try" ... "finally" clauses are honored), and
  the standard I/O files are not flushed.
