Concrete Objects Layer
**********************

The functions in this chapter are specific to certain Python object
types. Passing them an object of the wrong type is not a good idea; if
you receive an object from a Python program and you are not sure that
it has the right type, you must perform a type check first; for
example, to check that an object is a dictionary, use
"PyDict_Check()".  The chapter is structured like the "family tree" of
Python object types.

警告: 虽然本章所描述的函数会仔细检查传入对象的类型，但是其中许多函数
  不会检 查传入的对象是否为 "NULL"。 允许传入 "NULL" 可能导致内存访问
  冲突和解 释器的立即终止。


Fundamental Objects
===================

This section describes Python type objects and the singleton object
"None".

* Type Objects

  * Creating Heap-Allocated Types

* The "None" Object


Numeric Objects
===============

* 整數物件

* 布林物件

* 浮點數（Floating Point）物件

* Complex Number Objects

  * Complex Numbers as C Structures

  * Complex Numbers as Python Objects


Sequence Objects
================

Generic operations on sequence objects were discussed in the previous
chapter; this section deals with the specific kinds of sequence
objects that are intrinsic to the Python language.

* Bytes Objects

* Byte Array Objects

  * Type check macros

  * Direct API functions

  * Macros

* Unicode物件與編碼

  * Unicode Objects

    * Unicode Type

    * Unicode Character Properties

    * Creating and accessing Unicode strings

    * Deprecated Py_UNICODE APIs

    * Locale Encoding

    * File System Encoding

    * wchar_t Support

  * Built-in Codecs

    * Generic Codecs

    * UTF-8 Codecs

    * UTF-32 Codecs

    * UTF-16 Codecs

    * UTF-7 Codecs

    * Unicode-Escape Codecs

    * Raw-Unicode-Escape Codecs

    * Latin-1 Codecs

    * ASCII Codecs

    * Character Map Codecs

    * MBCS codecs for Windows

    * Methods & Slots

  * Methods and Slot Functions

* 元組（Tuple）物件

* Struct Sequence Objects

* List（串列）物件


Container Objects
=================

* 字典物件

* Set Objects


函式物件
========

* 函式（Function）物件

* 實體方法物件

* Method Objects

* Cell 物件

* Code Objects


Other Objects
=============

* 檔案（File）物件

* 模組物件模組

  * Initializing C modules

    * Single-phase initialization

    * Multi-phase initialization

    * Low-level module creation functions

    * Support functions

  * Module lookup

* 迭代器（Iterator）物件

* 修飾器物件

* 切片物件

* Ellipsis Object

* MemoryView objects

* 弱參照物件

* Capsules

* 產生器物件

* Coroutine Objects

* Context Variables Objects

* DateTime 物件
