互联网协议和支持
****************

本章介绍的模块实现了互联网协议并支持相关技术。 它们都是用 Python 实现
的。 这些模块中的大多数都需要存在依赖于系统的模块 "socket" ，目前大多
数流行平台都支持它。 这是一个概述：

* "webbrowser" --- 方便的Web浏览器控制器

  * 浏览器控制器对象

* "cgi" --- Common Gateway Interface support

  * 簡介

  * 使用cgi模块。

  * Higher Level Interface

  * 函数

  * Caring about security

  * Installing your CGI script on a Unix system

  * Testing your CGI script

  * Debugging CGI scripts

  * Common problems and solutions

* "cgitb" --- 用于 CGI 脚本的回溯管理器

* "wsgiref" --- WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation

  * "wsgiref.util" -- WSGI environment utilities

  * "wsgiref.headers" -- WSGI response header tools

  * "wsgiref.simple_server" -- a simple WSGI HTTP server

  * "wsgiref.validate" --- WSGI conformance checker

  * "wsgiref.handlers" -- server/gateway base classes

  * 示例

* "urllib" --- URL 处理模块

* "urllib.request" --- 用于打开 URL 的可扩展库

  * Request 对象

  * OpenerDirector 对象

  * BaseHandler 对象

  * HTTPRedirectHandler 对象

  * HTTPCookieProcessor 对象

  * ProxyHandler 对象

  * HTTPPasswordMgr 对象

  * HTTPPasswordMgrWithPriorAuth 对象

  * AbstractBasicAuthHandler 对象

  * HTTPBasicAuthHandler 对象

  * ProxyBasicAuthHandler 对象

  * AbstractDigestAuthHandler 对象

  * HTTPDigestAuthHandler 对象

  * ProxyDigestAuthHandler 对象

  * HTTPHandler 对象

  * HTTPSHandler 对象

  * FileHandler 对象

  * DataHandler 对象

  * FTPHandler 对象

  * CacheFTPHandler 对象

  * UnknownHandler 对象

  * HTTPErrorProcessor 对象

  * 示例

  * Legacy interface

  * "urllib.request" Restrictions

* "urllib.response" --- urllib 使用的 Response 类

* "urllib.parse" --- Parse URLs into components

  * URL 解析

  * 解析ASCII编码字节

  * 结构化解析结果

  * URL Quoting

* "urllib.error" --- urllib.request 引发的异常类

* "urllib.robotparser" --- robots.txt 语法分析程序

* "http" --- HTTP 模块

  * HTTP 状态码

* "http.client" --- HTTP 协议客户端

  * HTTPConnection 对象

  * HTTPResponse 对象

  * 示例

  * HTTPMessage Objects

* "ftplib" --- FTP 协议客户端

  * FTP Objects

  * FTP_TLS Objects

* "poplib" --- POP3 protocol client

  * POP3 Objects

  * POP3 Example

* "imaplib" --- IMAP4 protocol client

  * IMAP4 Objects

  * IMAP4 Example

* "nntplib" --- NNTP protocol client

  * NNTP Objects

    * Attributes

    * 方法

  * Utility functions

* "smtplib" ---SMTP协议客户端

  * SMTP Objects

  * SMTP Example

* "smtpd" --- SMTP 服务器

  * SMTPServer 对象

  * DebuggingServer 对象

  * PureProxy对象

  * MailmanProxy 对象

  * SMTPChannel 对象

* "telnetlib" --- Telnet client

  * Telnet Objects

  * Telnet Example

* "uuid" --- UUID objects according to **RFC 4122**

  * 示例

* "socketserver" --- A framework for network servers

  * Server Creation Notes

  * Server Objects

  * Request Handler Objects

  * 示例

    * "socketserver.TCPServer" Example

    * "socketserver.UDPServer" Example

    * Asynchronous Mixins

* "http.server" --- HTTP 服务器

* "http.cookies" --- HTTP状态管理

  * Cookie 对象

  * Morsel 对象

  * 示例

* "http.cookiejar" —— HTTP 客户端的 Cookie 处理

  * CookieJar 和 FileCookieJar 对象

  * FileCookieJar subclasses and co-operation with web browsers

  * CookiePolicy 对象

  * DefaultCookiePolicy 对象

  * Cookie 对象

  * 示例

* "xmlrpc" --- XMLRPC 服务端与客户端模块

* "xmlrpc.client" --- XML-RPC client access

  * ServerProxy 对象

  * 日期時間物件

  * Binary 对象

  * Fault 对象

  * ProtocolError 对象

  * MultiCall 对象

  * Convenience Functions

  * Example of Client Usage

  * Example of Client and Server Usage

* "xmlrpc.server" --- Basic XML-RPC servers

  * SimpleXMLRPCServer Objects

    * SimpleXMLRPCServer Example

  * CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler

  * Documenting XMLRPC server

  * DocXMLRPCServer Objects

  * DocCGIXMLRPCRequestHandler

* "ipaddress" --- IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library

  * Convenience factory functions

  * IP Addresses

    * Address objects

    * Conversion to Strings and Integers

    * 运算符

      * Comparison operators

      * Arithmetic operators

  * IP Network definitions

    * Prefix, net mask and host mask

    * Network objects

    * 运算符

      * Logical operators

      * 迭代

      * Networks as containers of addresses

  * Interface objects

    * 运算符

      * Logical operators

  * Other Module Level Functions

  * Custom Exceptions
