# `grp` --- The group database

This module provides access to the Unix group database. It is available on all Unix versions.

Group database entries are reported as a tuple-like object, whose attributes correspond to the members of the `group` structure (Attribute field below, see `<pwd.h>`):

Index | Attribute | Meaning
--- | --- | ---
0 | gr_name | the name of the group
1 | gr_passwd | the (encrypted) group password; often empty
2 | gr_gid | the numerical group ID
3 | gr_mem | all the group member's user names

The gid is an integer, name and password are strings, and the member list is a list of strings. (Note that most users are not explicitly listed as members of the group they are in according to the password database. Check both databases to get complete membership information. Also note that a `gr_name` that starts with a `+` or `-` is likely to be a YP/NIS reference and may not be accessible via `getgrnam()` or `getgrgid()`.)

It defines the following items:

`grp.``getgrgid`(gid)

  Return the group database entry for the given numeric group ID. `KeyError` is raised if the entry asked for cannot be found.

  3.6 版後已棄用: Since Python 3.6 the support of non-integer arguments like floats or strings in `getgrgid()` is deprecated.

`grp.``getgrnam`(name)

  Return the group database entry for the given group name. `KeyError` is raised if the entry asked for cannot be found.

`grp.``getgrall`()

  Return a list of all available group entries, in arbitrary order.

也參考

Module `pwd`

  An interface to the user database, similar to this.

Module `spwd`

  An interface to the shadow password database, similar to this.