11. 檔案與目錄存取
******************

The modules described in this chapter deal with disk files and
directories.  For example, there are modules for reading the
properties of files, manipulating paths in a portable way, and
creating temporary files.  The full list of modules in this chapter
is:

* 11.1. "pathlib" --- Object-oriented filesystem paths

  * 11.1.1. Basic use

  * 11.1.2. Pure paths

    * 11.1.2.1. General properties

    * 11.1.2.2. Operators

    * 11.1.2.3. Accessing individual parts

    * 11.1.2.4. Methods and properties

  * 11.1.3. Concrete paths

    * 11.1.3.1. Methods

* 11.2. "os.path" --- Common pathname manipulations

* 11.3. "fileinput" --- Iterate over lines from multiple input
  streams

* 11.4. "stat" --- Interpreting "stat()" results

* 11.5. "filecmp" --- File and Directory Comparisons

  * 11.5.1. The "dircmp" class

* 11.6. "tempfile" --- Generate temporary files and directories

  * 11.6.1. Examples

  * 11.6.2. Deprecated functions and variables

* 11.7. "glob" --- Unix style pathname pattern expansion

* 11.8. "fnmatch" --- Unix filename pattern matching

* 11.9. "linecache" --- Random access to text lines

* 11.10. "shutil" --- High-level file operations

  * 11.10.1. Directory and files operations

    * 11.10.1.1. copytree example

    * 11.10.1.2. rmtree example

  * 11.10.2. Archiving operations

    * 11.10.2.1. Archiving example

  * 11.10.3. Querying the size of the output terminal

* 11.11. "macpath" --- Mac OS 9 path manipulation functions

也參考:

  Module "os"
     Operating system interfaces, including functions to work with
     files at a lower level than Python *file objects*.

  Module "io"
     Python's built-in I/O library, including both abstract classes
     and some concrete classes such as file I/O.

  Built-in function "open()"
     The standard way to open files for reading and writing with
     Python.
