# 11. 檔案與目錄存取

The modules described in this chapter deal with disk files and directories. For example, there are modules for reading the properties of files, manipulating paths in a portable way, and creating temporary files. The full list of modules in this chapter is:

- 11.1. `pathlib` — Object-oriented filesystem paths
  - 11.1.1. Basic use
  - 11.1.2. Pure paths
    - 11.1.2.1. General properties
    - 11.1.2.2. Operators
    - 11.1.2.3. Accessing individual parts
    - 11.1.2.4. Methods and properties
  - 11.1.3. Concrete paths
    - 11.1.3.1. Methods
- 11.2. `os.path` — Common pathname manipulations
- 11.3. `fileinput` — Iterate over lines from multiple input streams
- 11.4. `stat` — Interpreting `stat()` results
- 11.5. `filecmp` — File and Directory Comparisons
  - 11.5.1. The `dircmp` class
- 11.6. `tempfile` — Generate temporary files and directories
  - 11.6.1. Examples
  - 11.6.2. Deprecated functions and variables
- 11.7. `glob` — Unix style pathname pattern expansion
- 11.8. `fnmatch` — Unix filename pattern matching
- 11.9. `linecache` — Random access to text lines
- 11.10. `shutil` — High-level file operations
  - 11.10.1. Directory and files operations
    - 11.10.1.1. copytree example
    - 11.10.1.2. rmtree example
  - 11.10.2. Archiving operations
    - 11.10.2.1. Archiving example
  - 11.10.3. Querying the size of the output terminal
- 11.11. `macpath` — Mac OS 9 path manipulation functions

也參考

Module `os`

  Operating system interfaces, including functions to work with files at a lower level than Python file objects.

Module `io`

  Python’s built-in I/O library, including both abstract classes and some concrete classes such as file I/O.

Built-in function `open()`

  The standard way to open files for reading and writing with Python.