# 直譯器的初始化與終結化

關於如何在初始化之前設定直譯器的細節，請參見 Python 初始化設定。

## Python 初始化之前

In an application embedding Python, the `Py_Initialize()` function must be called before using any other Python/C API functions; with the exception of a few functions and the global configuration variables.

The following functions can be safely called before Python is initialized:

- Functions that initialize the interpreter:

  - `Py_Initialize()`

  - `Py_InitializeEx()`

  - `Py_InitializeFromConfig()`

  - `Py_BytesMain()`

  - `Py_Main()`

  - the runtime pre-initialization functions covered in Python 初始化設定

- Configuration functions:

  - `PyImport_AppendInittab()`

  - `PyImport_ExtendInittab()`

  - `PyInitFrozenExtensions()`

  - `PyMem_SetAllocator()`

  - `PyMem_SetupDebugHooks()`

  - `PyObject_SetArenaAllocator()`

  - `Py_SetProgramName()`

  - `Py_SetPythonHome()`

  - the configuration functions covered in Python 初始化設定

- Informative functions:

  - `Py_IsInitialized()`

  - `PyMem_GetAllocator()`

  - `PyObject_GetArenaAllocator()`

  - `Py_GetBuildInfo()`

  - `Py_GetCompiler()`

  - `Py_GetCopyright()`

  - `Py_GetPlatform()`

  - `Py_GetVersion()`

  - `Py_IsInitialized()`

- Utilities:

  - `Py_DecodeLocale()`

  - the status reporting and utility functions covered in Python 初始化設定

- Memory allocators:

  - `PyMem_RawMalloc()`

  - `PyMem_RawRealloc()`

  - `PyMem_RawCalloc()`

  - `PyMem_RawFree()`

- Synchronization:

  - `PyMutex_Lock()`

  - `PyMutex_Unlock()`

備註

Despite their apparent similarity to some of the functions listed above, the following functions should not be called before the interpreter has been initialized: `Py_EncodeLocale()`, `PyEval_InitThreads()`, and `Py_RunMain()`.

## Global configuration variables

Python has variables for the global configuration to control different features and options. By default, these flags are controlled by command line options.

When a flag is set by an option, the value of the flag is the number of times that the option was set. For example, `-b` sets `Py_BytesWarningFlag` to 1 and `-bb` sets `Py_BytesWarningFlag` to 2.

int Py_BytesWarningFlag

  This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting `PyConfig.bytes_warning` should be used instead, see Python Initialization Configuration.

  Issue a warning when comparing `bytes` or `bytearray` with `str` or `bytes` with `int`. Issue an error if greater or equal to `2`.

  由 `-b` 選項設定。

  自從版本 3.12 後不推薦使用，已從版本 3.15 中移除。.

int Py_DebugFlag

  This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting `PyConfig.parser_debug` should be used instead, see Python Initialization Configuration.

  Turn on parser debugging output (for expert only, depending on compilation options).

  由 `-d` 選項與 `PYTHONDEBUG` 環境變數設定。

  自從版本 3.12 後不推薦使用，已從版本 3.15 中移除。.

int Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag

  This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting `PyConfig.write_bytecode` should be used instead, see Python Initialization Configuration.

  If set to non-zero, Python won't try to write `.pyc` files on the import of source modules.

  由 `-B` 選項與 `PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE` 環境變數設定。

  自從版本 3.12 後不推薦使用，已從版本 3.15 中移除。.

int Py_FrozenFlag

  This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting `PyConfig.pathconfig_warnings` should be used instead, see Python Initialization Configuration.

  Private flag used by `_freeze_module` and `frozenmain` programs.

  自從版本 3.12 後不推薦使用，已從版本 3.15 中移除。.

int Py_HashRandomizationFlag

  This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting `PyConfig.hash_seed` and `PyConfig.use_hash_seed` should be used instead, see Python Initialization Configuration.

  如果環境變數 `PYTHONHASHSEED` 被設定為一個非空字串則設為 `1`。

  If the flag is non-zero, read the `PYTHONHASHSEED` environment variable to initialize the secret hash seed.

  自從版本 3.12 後不推薦使用，已從版本 3.15 中移除。.

int Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag

  This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting `PyConfig.use_environment` should be used instead, see Python Initialization Configuration.

  忽略所有可能被設定的 `PYTHON*` 環境變數，例如 `PYTHONPATH` 與 `PYTHONHOME`。

  由 `-E` 與 `-I` 選項設定。

  自從版本 3.12 後不推薦使用，已從版本 3.15 中移除。.

int Py_InspectFlag

  This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting `PyConfig.inspect` should be used instead, see Python Initialization Configuration.

  When a script is passed as first argument or the `-c` option is used, enter interactive mode after executing the script or the command, even when `sys.stdin` does not appear to be a terminal.

  由 `-i` 選項與 `PYTHONINSPECT` 環境變數設定。

  自從版本 3.12 後不推薦使用，已從版本 3.15 中移除。.

int Py_InteractiveFlag

  This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting `PyConfig.interactive` should be used instead, see Python Initialization Configuration.

  由 `-i` 選項設定。

  自從版本 3.12 後不推薦使用，已從版本 3.15 中移除。.

int Py_IsolatedFlag

  This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting `PyConfig.isolated` should be used instead, see Python Initialization Configuration.

  Run Python in isolated mode. In isolated mode `sys.path` contains neither the script's directory nor the user's site-packages directory.

  由 `-I` 選項設定。

  在 3.4 版被加入.

  自從版本 3.12 後不推薦使用，已從版本 3.15 中移除。.

int Py_LegacyWindowsFSEncodingFlag

  This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting `PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding` should be used instead, see Python Initialization Configuration.

  If the flag is non-zero, use the `mbcs` encoding with `replace` error handler, instead of the UTF-8 encoding with `surrogatepass` error handler, for the filesystem encoding and error handler.

  如果環境變數 `PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING` 被設定為一個非空字串則設為 `1`。

  更多詳情請見 PEP 529。

  可用性: Windows.

  自從版本 3.12 後不推薦使用，已從版本 3.15 中移除。.

int Py_LegacyWindowsStdioFlag

  This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting `PyConfig.legacy_windows_stdio` should be used instead, see Python Initialization Configuration.

  If the flag is non-zero, use `io.FileIO` instead of `io._WindowsConsoleIO` for `sys` standard streams.

  Set to `1` if the `PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSSTDIO` environment variable is set to a non-empty string.

  更多詳情請見 PEP 528。

  可用性: Windows.

  自從版本 3.12 後不推薦使用，已從版本 3.15 中移除。.

int Py_NoSiteFlag

  This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting `PyConfig.site_import` should be used instead, see Python Initialization Configuration.

  Disable the import of the module `site` and the site-dependent manipulations of `sys.path` that it entails. Also disable these manipulations if `site` is explicitly imported later (call `site.main()` if you want them to be triggered).

  由 `-S` 選項設定。

  自從版本 3.12 後不推薦使用，已從版本 3.15 中移除。.

int Py_NoUserSiteDirectory

  This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting `PyConfig.user_site_directory` should be used instead, see Python Initialization Configuration.

  Don't add the `user site-packages directory` to `sys.path`.

  由 `-s` 選項、`-I` 選項與 `PYTHONNOUSERSITE` 環境變數設定。

  自從版本 3.12 後不推薦使用，已從版本 3.15 中移除。.

int Py_OptimizeFlag

  This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting `PyConfig.optimization_level` should be used instead, see Python Initialization Configuration.

  由 `-O` 選項與 `PYTHONOPTIMIZE` 環境變數設定。

  自從版本 3.12 後不推薦使用，已從版本 3.15 中移除。.

int Py_QuietFlag

  This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting `PyConfig.quiet` should be used instead, see Python Initialization Configuration.

  Don't display the copyright and version messages even in interactive mode.

  由 `-q` 選項設定。

  在 3.2 版被加入.

  自從版本 3.12 後不推薦使用，已從版本 3.15 中移除。.

int Py_UnbufferedStdioFlag

  This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting `PyConfig.buffered_stdio` should be used instead, see Python Initialization Configuration.

  Force the stdout and stderr streams to be unbuffered.

  由 `-u` 選項與 `PYTHONUNBUFFERED` 環境變數設定。

  自從版本 3.12 後不推薦使用，已從版本 3.15 中移除。.

int Py_VerboseFlag

  This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting `PyConfig.verbose` should be used instead, see Python Initialization Configuration.

  Print a message each time a module is initialized, showing the place (filename or built-in module) from which it is loaded. If greater or equal to `2`, print a message for each file that is checked for when searching for a module. Also provides information on module cleanup at exit.

  由 `-v` 選項與 `PYTHONVERBOSE` 環境變數設定。

  自從版本 3.12 後不推薦使用，已從版本 3.15 中移除。.

## Initializing and finalizing the interpreter

void Py_Initialize()
  為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.

  Initialize the Python interpreter. In an application embedding Python, this should be called before using any other Python/C API functions; see Before Python Initialization for the few exceptions.

  This initializes the table of loaded modules (`sys.modules`), and creates the fundamental modules `builtins`, `__main__` and `sys`. It also initializes the module search path (`sys.path`). It does not set `sys.argv`; use the Python Initialization Configuration API for that. This is a no-op when called for a second time (without calling `Py_FinalizeEx()` first). There is no return value; it is a fatal error if the initialization fails.

  Use `Py_InitializeFromConfig()` to customize the Python Initialization Configuration.

  備註

  On Windows, changes the console mode from `O_TEXT` to `O_BINARY`, which will also affect non-Python uses of the console using the C Runtime.

void Py_InitializeEx(int initsigs)
  為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.

  This function works like `Py_Initialize()` if initsigs is `1`. If initsigs is `0`, it skips initialization registration of signal handlers, which may be useful when CPython is embedded as part of a larger application.

  Use `Py_InitializeFromConfig()` to customize the Python Initialization Configuration.

PyStatus Py_InitializeFromConfig(const PyConfig *config)

  Initialize Python from config configuration, as described in Initialization with PyConfig.

  See the Python 初始化設定 section for details on pre-initializing the interpreter, populating the runtime configuration structure, and querying the returned status structure.

int Py_IsInitialized()
  為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.

  Return true (nonzero) when the Python interpreter has been initialized, false (zero) if not. After `Py_FinalizeEx()` is called, this returns false until `Py_Initialize()` is called again.

  在 3.15 版的變更: This function no longer returns true until initialization has fully completed, including import of the `site` module. Previously it could return true while `Py_Initialize()` was still running.

int Py_IsFinalizing()
  為 穩定 ABI 的一部分 自 3.13 版本開始.

  Return true (non-zero) if the main Python interpreter is shutting down. Return false (zero) otherwise.

  在 3.13 版被加入.

int Py_FinalizeEx()
  為 穩定 ABI 的一部分 自 3.6 版本開始.

  Undo all initializations made by `Py_Initialize()` and subsequent use of Python/C API functions, and destroy all sub-interpreters (see `Py_NewInterpreter()` below) that were created and not yet destroyed since the last call to `Py_Initialize()`. This is a no-op when called for a second time (without calling `Py_Initialize()` again first).

  Since this is the reverse of `Py_Initialize()`, it should be called in the same thread with the same interpreter active. That means the main thread and the main interpreter. This should never be called while `Py_RunMain()` is running.

  Normally the return value is `0`. If there were errors during finalization (flushing buffered data), `-1` is returned.

  Note that Python will do a best effort at freeing all memory allocated by the Python interpreter. Therefore, any C-Extension should make sure to correctly clean up all of the previously allocated PyObjects before using them in subsequent calls to `Py_Initialize()`. Otherwise it could introduce vulnerabilities and incorrect behavior.

  This function is provided for a number of reasons. An embedding application might want to restart Python without having to restart the application itself. An application that has loaded the Python interpreter from a dynamically loadable library (or DLL) might want to free all memory allocated by Python before unloading the DLL. During a hunt for memory leaks in an application a developer might want to free all memory allocated by Python before exiting from the application.

  Bugs and caveats: The destruction of modules and objects in modules is done in random order; this may cause destructors (`__del__()` methods) to fail when they depend on other objects (even functions) or modules. Dynamically loaded extension modules loaded by Python are not unloaded. Small amounts of memory allocated by the Python interpreter may not be freed (if you find a leak, please report it). Memory tied up in circular references between objects is not freed. Interned strings will all be deallocated regardless of their reference count. Some memory allocated by extension modules may not be freed. Some extensions may not work properly if their initialization routine is called more than once; this can happen if an application calls `Py_Initialize()` and `Py_FinalizeEx()` more than once. `Py_FinalizeEx()` must not be called recursively from within itself. Therefore, it must not be called by any code that may be run as part of the interpreter shutdown process, such as `atexit` handlers, object finalizers, or any code that may be run while flushing the stdout and stderr files.

  引發一個不附帶引數的稽核事件 `cpython._PySys_ClearAuditHooks`。

  在 3.6 版被加入.

void Py_Finalize()
  為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.

  This is a backwards-compatible version of `Py_FinalizeEx()` that disregards the return value.

int Py_BytesMain(int argc, char **argv)
  為 穩定 ABI 的一部分 自 3.8 版本開始.

  Similar to `Py_Main()` but argv is an array of bytes strings, allowing the calling application to delegate the text decoding step to the CPython runtime.

  在 3.8 版被加入.

int Py_Main(int argc, wchar_t **argv)
  為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.

  The main program for the standard interpreter, encapsulating a full initialization/finalization cycle, as well as additional behaviour to implement reading configurations settings from the environment and command line, and then executing `__main__` in accordance with 命令列.

  This is made available for programs which wish to support the full CPython command line interface, rather than just embedding a Python runtime in a larger application.

  The argc and argv parameters are similar to those which are passed to a C program's `main()` function, except that the argv entries are first converted to `wchar_t` using `Py_DecodeLocale()`. It is also important to note that the argument list entries may be modified to point to strings other than those passed in (however, the contents of the strings pointed to by the argument list are not modified).

  The return value is `2` if the argument list does not represent a valid Python command line, and otherwise the same as `Py_RunMain()`.

  In terms of the CPython runtime configuration APIs documented in the runtime configuration section (and without accounting for error handling), `Py_Main` is approximately equivalent to:

      PyConfig config;
      PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);
      PyConfig_SetArgv(&config, argc, argv);
      Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);
      PyConfig_Clear(&config);

      Py_RunMain();

  In normal usage, an embedding application will call this function instead of calling `Py_Initialize()`, `Py_InitializeEx()` or `Py_InitializeFromConfig()` directly, and all settings will be applied as described elsewhere in this documentation. If this function is instead called after a preceding runtime initialization API call, then exactly which environmental and command line configuration settings will be updated is version dependent (as it depends on which settings correctly support being modified after they have already been set once when the runtime was first initialized).

int Py_RunMain(void)

  Executes the main module in a fully configured CPython runtime.

  Executes the command (`PyConfig.run_command`), the script (`PyConfig.run_filename`) or the module (`PyConfig.run_module`) specified on the command line or in the configuration. If none of these values are set, runs the interactive Python prompt (REPL) using the `__main__` module's global namespace.

  If `PyConfig.inspect` is not set (the default), the return value will be `0` if the interpreter exits normally (that is, without raising an exception), the exit status of an unhandled `SystemExit`, or `1` for any other unhandled exception.

  If `PyConfig.inspect` is set (such as when the `-i` option is used), rather than returning when the interpreter exits, execution will instead resume in an interactive Python prompt (REPL) using the `__main__` module's global namespace. If the interpreter exited with an exception, it is immediately raised in the REPL session. The function return value is then determined by the way the REPL session terminates: `0`, `1`, or the status of a `SystemExit`, as specified above.

  This function always finalizes the Python interpreter before it returns.

  See Python Configuration for an example of a customized Python that always runs in isolated mode using `Py_RunMain()`.

int PyUnstable_AtExit( PyInterpreterState *interp, void (*func)(void*), void *data)
  這是 不穩定 API，它可能在小版本發布中沒有任何警告地被變更。

  Register an `atexit` callback for the target interpreter interp. This is similar to `Py_AtExit()`, but takes an explicit interpreter and data pointer for the callback.

  There must be an attached thread state for interp.

  在 3.13 版被加入.

## Cautions regarding interpreter finalization

In the late stage of interpreter shutdown, after attempting to wait for non-daemon threads to exit (though this can be interrupted by `KeyboardInterrupt`) and running the `atexit` functions, the runtime is marked as finalizing, meaning that `Py_IsFinalizing()` and `sys.is_finalizing()` return true. At this point, only the finalization thread (the thread that initiated finalization; this is typically the main thread) is allowed to attach a thread state.

Other threads that attempt to attach during finalization, either explicitly (such as via `PyThreadState_Ensure()` or `Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS`) or implicitly (such as in-between bytecode instructions), will enter a permanently blocked state. Generally, this is harmless, but this can result in deadlocks. For example, a thread may be permanently blocked while holding a lock, meaning that the finalization thread can never acquire that lock.

Prior to CPython 3.13, the thread would exit instead of hanging, which led to other issues (see the warning note at `PyThread_exit_thread()`).

Gross? Yes. Starting in Python 3.15, there are a number of C APIs that make it possible to avoid these issues by temporarily preventing finalization:

也參考

PEP 788 explains the design, motivation and rationale for these APIs.

type PyInterpreterGuard
  為 穩定 ABI 的一部分 （做為一個不透明結構 (opaque struct)） 自 3.15 版本開始.

  An opaque interpreter guard structure.

  By holding an interpreter guard, the caller can ensure that the interpreter will not finalize until the guard is closed (through `PyInterpreterGuard_Close()`).

  When a guard is held, a thread attempting to finalize the interpreter will block until the guard is closed before starting finalization. After finalization has started, threads are forever unable to acquire guards for that interpreter. This means that if you forget to close an interpreter guard, the process will permanently hang during finalization!

  Holding a guard for an interpreter is similar to holding a strong reference to a Python object, except finalization does not happen automatically after all guards are released: it requires an explicit `Py_EndInterpreter()` call.

  在 3.15 版被加入.

PyInterpreterGuard *PyInterpreterGuard_FromCurrent(void)
  為 穩定 ABI 的一部分 自 3.15 版本開始.

  Create a finalization guard for the current interpreter. This will prevent finalization until the guard is closed.

  For example:

      // Temporarily prevent finalization.
      PyInterpreterGuard *guard = PyInterpreterGuard_FromCurrent();
      if (guard == NULL) {
         // Finalization has already started or we're out of memory.
         return NULL;
      }

      Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS;
      // Do some critical processing here. For example, we can safely acquire
      // locks that might be acquired by the finalization thread.
      Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS;

      // Now that we're done with our critical processing, the interpreter is
      // allowed to finalize again.
      PyInterpreterGuard_Close(guard);

  On success, this function returns a guard for the current interpreter; on failure, it returns `NULL` with an exception set.

  This function will fail only if the current interpreter has already started finalizing, or if the process is out of memory.

  The guard pointer returned by this function must be eventually closed with `PyInterpreterGuard_Close()`; failing to do so will result in the Python process infinitely hanging.

  The caller must hold an attached thread state.

  在 3.15 版被加入.

PyInterpreterGuard *PyInterpreterGuard_FromView( PyInterpreterView *view)
  為 穩定 ABI 的一部分 自 3.15 版本開始.

  Create a finalization guard for an interpreter through a view.

  On success, this function returns a guard to the interpreter represented by view. The view is still valid after calling this function. The guard must eventually be closed with `PyInterpreterGuard_Close()`.

  If the interpreter no longer exists, is already finalizing, or out of memory, then this function returns `NULL` without setting an exception.

  The caller does not need to hold an attached thread state.

  在 3.15 版被加入.

void PyInterpreterGuard_Close( PyInterpreterGuard *guard)
  為 穩定 ABI 的一部分 自 3.15 版本開始.

  Close an interpreter guard, allowing the interpreter to start finalization if no other guards remain. If an interpreter guard is never closed, the interpreter will infinitely wait when trying to enter finalization!

  After an interpreter guard is closed, it may not be used in `PyThreadState_Ensure()`. Doing so will result in undefined behavior.

  This function cannot fail, and the caller doesn't need to hold an attached thread state.

  在 3.15 版被加入.

## Interpreter views

In some cases, it may be necessary to access an interpreter that may have been deleted. This can be done using interpreter views.

type PyInterpreterView
  為 穩定 ABI 的一部分 （做為一個不透明結構 (opaque struct)） 自 3.15 版本開始.

  An opaque view of an interpreter.

  This is a thread-safe way to access an interpreter that may have be finalizing or already destroyed.

  在 3.15 版被加入.

PyInterpreterView *PyInterpreterView_FromCurrent(void)
  為 穩定 ABI 的一部分 自 3.15 版本開始.

  Create a view to the current interpreter.

  This function is generally meant to be used alongside `PyInterpreterGuard_FromView()` or `PyThreadState_EnsureFromView()`.

  On success, this function returns a view to the current interpreter; on failure, it returns `NULL` with an exception set.

  The caller must hold an attached thread state.

  在 3.15 版被加入.

void PyInterpreterView_Close( PyInterpreterView *view)
  為 穩定 ABI 的一部分 自 3.15 版本開始.

  Close an interpreter view.

  If an interpreter view is never closed, the view's memory will never be freed, but there are no other consequences. (In contrast, forgetting to close a guard will infinitely hang the main thread during finalization.)

  This function cannot fail, and the caller doesn't need to hold an attached thread state.

  在 3.15 版被加入.

PyInterpreterView *PyInterpreterView_FromMain(void)
  為 穩定 ABI 的一部分 自 3.15 版本開始.

  Create a view for the main interpreter (the first and default interpreter in a Python process; see `PyInterpreterState_Main()`).

  On success, this function returns a view to the main interpreter; on failure, it returns `NULL` without an exception set. Failure indicates that the process is out of memory.

  Use this function when an interpreter pointer or view cannot be supplied by the caller, such as when a native threading library does not provide a `void *arg` parameter that could carry a `PyInterpreterGuard` or `PyInterpreterView`. In code that supports subinterpreters, prefer `PyInterpreterView_FromCurrent()` so the guard tracks the calling interpreter rather than the main one.

  The caller does not need to hold an attached thread state.

  在 3.15 版被加入.

## Process-wide parameters

void Py_SetProgramName(const wchar_t *name)
  為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.

  This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting `PyConfig.program_name` should be used instead, see Python Initialization Configuration.

  This function should be called before `Py_Initialize()` is called for the first time, if it is called at all. It tells the interpreter the value of the `argv[0]` argument to the `main()` function of the program (converted to wide characters). This is used by some other functions below to find the Python run-time libraries relative to the interpreter executable. The default value is `'python'`. The argument should point to a zero-terminated wide character string in static storage whose contents will not change for the duration of the program's execution. No code in the Python interpreter will change the contents of this storage.

  Use `Py_DecodeLocale()` to decode a bytes string to get a wchar_t* string.

  自從版本 3.11 後不推薦使用，已從版本 3.15 中移除。.

const char *Py_GetVersion()
  為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.

  Return the version of this Python interpreter. This is a string that looks something like

      "3.0a5+ (py3k:63103M, May 12 2008, 00:53:55) \n[GCC 4.2.3]"

  The first word (up to the first space character) is the current Python version; the first characters are the major and minor version separated by a period. The returned string points into static storage; the caller should not modify its value. The value is available to Python code as `sys.version`.

  另請參閱 `Py_Version` 常數。

const char *Py_GetPlatform()
  為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.

  Return the platform identifier for the current platform. On Unix, this is formed from the "official" name of the operating system, converted to lower case, followed by the major revision number; e.g., for Solaris 2.x, which is also known as SunOS 5.x, the value is `'sunos5'`. On macOS, it is `'darwin'`. On Windows, it is `'win'`. The returned string points into static storage; the caller should not modify its value. The value is available to Python code as `sys.platform`.

const char *Py_GetCopyright()
  為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.

  Return the official copyright string for the current Python version, for example

  `'Copyright 1991-1995 Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam'`

  The returned string points into static storage; the caller should not modify its value. The value is available to Python code as `sys.copyright`.

const char *Py_GetCompiler()
  為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.

  Return an indication of the compiler used to build the current Python version, in square brackets, for example:

      "[GCC 2.7.2.2]"

  The returned string points into static storage; the caller should not modify its value. The value is available to Python code as part of the variable `sys.version`.

const char *Py_GetBuildInfo()
  為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.

  Return information about the sequence number and build date and time of the current Python interpreter instance, for example

      "#67, Aug  1 1997, 22:34:28"

  The returned string points into static storage; the caller should not modify its value. The value is available to Python code as part of the variable `sys.version`.

void PySys_SetArgvEx(int argc, wchar_t **argv, int updatepath)
  為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.

  This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting `PyConfig.argv`, `PyConfig.parse_argv` and `PyConfig.safe_path` should be used instead, see Python Initialization Configuration.

  Set `sys.argv` based on argc and argv. These parameters are similar to those passed to the program's `main()` function with the difference that the first entry should refer to the script file to be executed rather than the executable hosting the Python interpreter. If there isn't a script that will be run, the first entry in argv can be an empty string. If this function fails to initialize `sys.argv`, a fatal condition is signalled using `Py_FatalError()`.

  If updatepath is zero, this is all the function does. If updatepath is non-zero, the function also modifies `sys.path` according to the following algorithm:

  - If the name of an existing script is passed in `argv[0]`, the absolute path of the directory where the script is located is prepended to `sys.path`.

  - Otherwise (that is, if argc is `0` or `argv[0]` doesn't point to an existing file name), an empty string is prepended to `sys.path`, which is the same as prepending the current working directory (`"."`).

  Use `Py_DecodeLocale()` to decode a bytes string to get a wchar_t* string.

  See also `PyConfig.orig_argv` and `PyConfig.argv` members of the Python Initialization Configuration.

  備註

  It is recommended that applications embedding the Python interpreter for purposes other than executing a single script pass `0` as updatepath, and update `sys.path` themselves if desired. See CVE 2008-5983.

  On versions before 3.1.3, you can achieve the same effect by manually popping the first `sys.path` element after having called `PySys_SetArgv()`, for example using:

      PyRun_SimpleString("import sys; sys.path.pop(0)\n");

  在 3.1.3 版被加入.

  自從版本 3.11 後不推薦使用，已從版本 3.15 中移除。.

void PySys_SetArgv(int argc, wchar_t **argv)
  為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.

  This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting `PyConfig.argv` and `PyConfig.parse_argv` should be used instead, see Python Initialization Configuration.

  This function works like `PySys_SetArgvEx()` with updatepath set to `1` unless the python interpreter was started with the `-I`.

  Use `Py_DecodeLocale()` to decode a bytes string to get a wchar_t* string.

  See also `PyConfig.orig_argv` and `PyConfig.argv` members of the Python Initialization Configuration.

  在 3.4 版的變更: The updatepath value depends on `-I`.

  自從版本 3.11 後不推薦使用，已從版本 3.15 中移除。.

void Py_SetPythonHome(const wchar_t *home)
  為 穩定 ABI 的一部分.

  This API is kept for backward compatibility: setting `PyConfig.home` should be used instead, see Python Initialization Configuration.

  Set the default "home" directory, that is, the location of the standard Python libraries. See `PYTHONHOME` for the meaning of the argument string.

  The argument should point to a zero-terminated character string in static storage whose contents will not change for the duration of the program's execution. No code in the Python interpreter will change the contents of this storage.

  Use `Py_DecodeLocale()` to decode a bytes string to get a wchar_t* string.

  自從版本 3.11 後不推薦使用，已從版本 3.15 中移除。.