擴充和嵌入 Python 直譯器¶
This document describes how to write modules in C or C++ to extend the Python interpreter with new modules. Those modules can do what Python code does -- define functions, object types and methods -- but also interact with native libraries or achieve better performance by avoiding the overhead of an interpreter. The document also describes how to embed the Python interpreter in another application, for use as an extension language. Finally, it shows how to compile and link extension modules so that they can be loaded dynamically (at run time) into the interpreter, if the underlying operating system supports this feature.
This document assumes basic knowledge about C and Python. For an informal introduction to Python, see Python 教學. Python 語言參考手冊 gives a more formal definition of the language. Python 標準函式庫 (Standard Library) documents the existing object types, functions and modules (both built-in and written in Python) that give the language its wide application range.
關於完整的 Python/C API 詳細介紹，請參閱另外一份 Python/C API 參考手冊。
To support extensions, Python's C API (Application Programmers Interface)
defines a set of functions, macros and variables that provide access to most
aspects of the Python run-time system. The Python API is incorporated in a C
source file by including the header "Python.h".
備註
The C extension interface is specific to CPython, and extension modules do
not work on other Python implementations. In many cases, it is possible to
avoid writing C extensions and preserve portability to other implementations.
For example, if your use case is calling C library functions or system calls,
you should consider using the ctypes module or the cffi library rather than writing
custom C code.
These modules let you write Python code to interface with C code and are more
portable between implementations of Python than writing and compiling a C
extension module.
推薦的第三方工具¶
This document only covers the basic tools for creating extensions provided as part of this version of CPython. Some third party tools offer both simpler and more sophisticated approaches to creating C and C++ extensions for Python.
While this document is aimed at extension authors, it should also be helpful to the authors of such tools. For example, the tutorial module can serve as a simple test case for a build tool or sample expected output of a code generator.
C API Tutorial¶
This tutorial describes how to write a simple module in C or C++, using the Python C API -- that is, using the basic tools provided as part of this version of CPython.
Guides for intermediate topics¶
本指南中的這一節將說明，在沒有第三方工具的協助下，如何建立 C 和 C ++ 擴充。它主要是寫給使用那些工具的創作者們，而不是讓你建立自己的 C 擴充的推薦方法。
在更大的應用程式中嵌入 CPython 運行環境 (runtime)¶
有時候，相較於建立一個擴充，使其在 Python 直譯器中可作為主應用程式運行，還不如將 CPython 運行環境嵌入至一個更大的應用程式中更可取。本節將涵蓋一些要成功完成此任務所涉及的細節。