檔案與目錄存取¶
本章中描述的 module(模組)用於處理硬碟檔案和目錄。例如,有一些 module 用於讀取檔案的屬性、以可攜 (portable) 方式操作路徑以及建立暫存檔。本章中的完整 module 清單是:
pathlib
--- 物件導向檔案系統路徑os.path
--- 常見的路徑名操作abspath()
basename()
commonpath()
commonprefix()
dirname()
exists()
lexists()
expanduser()
expandvars()
getatime()
getmtime()
getctime()
getsize()
isabs()
isfile()
isdir()
isjunction()
islink()
ismount()
isdevdrive()
join()
normcase()
normpath()
realpath()
relpath()
samefile()
sameopenfile()
samestat()
split()
splitdrive()
splitroot()
splitext()
supports_unicode_filenames
fileinput
--- 逐列疊代多個輸入串流stat
--- 直譯stat()
的結果S_ISDIR()
S_ISCHR()
S_ISBLK()
S_ISREG()
S_ISFIFO()
S_ISLNK()
S_ISSOCK()
S_ISDOOR()
S_ISPORT()
S_ISWHT()
S_IMODE()
S_IFMT()
filemode()
ST_MODE
ST_INO
ST_DEV
ST_NLINK
ST_UID
ST_GID
ST_SIZE
ST_ATIME
ST_MTIME
ST_CTIME
S_IFSOCK
S_IFLNK
S_IFREG
S_IFBLK
S_IFDIR
S_IFCHR
S_IFIFO
S_IFDOOR
S_IFPORT
S_IFWHT
S_ISUID
S_ISGID
S_ISVTX
S_IRWXU
S_IRUSR
S_IWUSR
S_IXUSR
S_IRWXG
S_IRGRP
S_IWGRP
S_IXGRP
S_IRWXO
S_IROTH
S_IWOTH
S_IXOTH
S_ENFMT
S_IREAD
S_IWRITE
S_IEXEC
UF_NODUMP
UF_IMMUTABLE
UF_APPEND
UF_OPAQUE
UF_NOUNLINK
UF_COMPRESSED
UF_HIDDEN
SF_ARCHIVED
SF_IMMUTABLE
SF_APPEND
SF_NOUNLINK
SF_SNAPSHOT
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_INTEGRITY_STREAM
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SCRUB_DATA
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_OFFLINE
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_VIRTUAL
IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK
IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT
IO_REPARSE_TAG_APPEXECLINK
filecmp
--- 檔案與目錄比較tempfile
--- 生成臨時檔案和目錄glob
--- Unix 風格的路徑名稱模式擴展fnmatch
--- Unix 檔案名稱模式比對linecache
--- 隨機存取文字列shutil
— 高階檔案操作