開發工具¶
The modules described in this chapter help you write software. For example, the
pydoc
module takes a module and generates documentation based on the
module's contents. The doctest
and unittest
modules contains
frameworks for writing unit tests that automatically exercise code and verify
that the expected output is produced. 2to3 can translate Python 2.x
source code into valid Python 3.x code.
The list of modules described in this chapter is:
typing
--- Support for type hints- Relevant PEPs
- Type aliases
- NewType
- Annotating callable objects
- Generics
- Annotating tuples
- The type of class objects
- User-defined generic types
Any
型別- Nominal vs structural subtyping
- 模組內容
- Deprecation Timeline of Major Features
pydoc
--- Documentation generator and online help system- Python Development Mode
doctest
--- Test interactive Python examplesunittest
--- 單元測試框架unittest.mock
--- mock object libraryunittest.mock
--- getting started- Using Mock
- Mock Patching Methods
- Mock for Method Calls on an Object
- Mocking Classes
- Naming your mocks
- Tracking all Calls
- Setting Return Values and Attributes
- Raising exceptions with mocks
- Side effect functions and iterables
- Mocking asynchronous iterators
- Mocking asynchronous context manager
- Creating a Mock from an Existing Object
- Using side_effect to return per file content
- Patch Decorators
- Further Examples
- Mocking chained calls
- Partial mocking
- Mocking a Generator Method
- Applying the same patch to every test method
- Mocking Unbound Methods
- Checking multiple calls with mock
- Coping with mutable arguments
- Nesting Patches
- Mocking a dictionary with MagicMock
- Mock subclasses and their attributes
- Mocking imports with patch.dict
- Tracking order of calls and less verbose call assertions
- More complex argument matching
- Using Mock
- 2to3 --- 自動將 Python 2的程式碼轉成 Python 3
test
--- Regression tests package for Pythontest.support
--- Utilities for the Python test suitetest.support.socket_helper
--- Utilities for socket teststest.support.script_helper
--- Utilities for the Python execution teststest.support.bytecode_helper
--- Support tools for testing correct bytecode generationtest.support.threading_helper
--- Utilities for threading teststest.support.os_helper
--- Utilities for os teststest.support.import_helper
--- Utilities for import teststest.support.warnings_helper
--- Utilities for warnings tests