字典物件

type PyDictObject

PyObject 子型態代表一個 Python 字典物件。

PyTypeObject PyDict_Type

Part of the Stable ABI.

PyTypeObject 實例代表一個 Python 字典型態。此與 Python 層中的 dict 為同一個物件。

int PyDict_Check(PyObject *p)

若 p 是一個字典物件或字典的子型態實例則會回傳 true。此函式每次都會執行成功。

int PyDict_CheckExact(PyObject *p)

若 p 是一個字典物件但並不是一個字典子型態的實例，則回傳 true。此函式每次都會執行成功。

PyObject *PyDict_New()

回傳值：新的參照。 Part of the Stable ABI.

Return a new empty dictionary, or NULL on failure.

PyObject *PyDictProxy_New(PyObject *mapping)

回傳值：新的參照。 Part of the Stable ABI.

Return a types.MappingProxyType object for a mapping which enforces read-only behavior. This is normally used to create a view to prevent modification of the dictionary for non-dynamic class types.

void PyDict_Clear(PyObject *p)

Part of the Stable ABI.

Empty an existing dictionary of all key-value pairs.

int PyDict_Contains(PyObject *p, PyObject *key)

Part of the Stable ABI.

Determine if dictionary p contains key. If an item in p is matches key, return 1, otherwise return 0. On error, return -1. This is equivalent to the Python expression key in p.

PyObject *PyDict_Copy(PyObject *p)

回傳值：新的參照。 Part of the Stable ABI.

Return a new dictionary that contains the same key-value pairs as p.

int PyDict_SetItem(PyObject *p, PyObject *key, PyObject *val)

Part of the Stable ABI.

Insert val into the dictionary p with a key of key. key must be hashable; if it isn't, TypeError will be raised. Return 0 on success or -1 on failure. This function does not steal a reference to val.

int PyDict_SetItemString(PyObject *p, const char *key, PyObject *val)

Part of the Stable ABI.

This is the same as PyDict_SetItem(), but key is specified as a const char* UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than a PyObject*.

int PyDict_DelItem(PyObject *p, PyObject *key)

Part of the Stable ABI.

Remove the entry in dictionary p with key key. key must be hashable; if it isn't, TypeError is raised. If key is not in the dictionary, KeyError is raised. Return 0 on success or -1 on failure.

int PyDict_DelItemString(PyObject *p, const char *key)

Part of the Stable ABI.

This is the same as PyDict_DelItem(), but key is specified as a const char* UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than a PyObject*.

PyObject *PyDict_GetItem(PyObject *p, PyObject *key)

回傳值：借用參照。 Part of the Stable ABI.

Return the object from dictionary p which has a key key. Return NULL if the key key is not present, but without setting an exception.

備註

Exceptions that occur while this calls __hash__() and __eq__() methods are silently ignored. Prefer the PyDict_GetItemWithError() function instead.

在 3.10 版的變更: Calling this API without GIL held had been allowed for historical reason. It is no longer allowed.

PyObject *PyDict_GetItemWithError(PyObject *p, PyObject *key)

回傳值：借用參照。 Part of the Stable ABI.

Variant of PyDict_GetItem() that does not suppress exceptions. Return NULL with an exception set if an exception occurred. Return NULL without an exception set if the key wasn't present.

PyObject *PyDict_GetItemString(PyObject *p, const char *key)

回傳值：借用參照。 Part of the Stable ABI.

This is the same as PyDict_GetItem(), but key is specified as a const char* UTF-8 encoded bytes string, rather than a PyObject*.

備註

Exceptions that occur while this calls __hash__() and __eq__() methods or while creating the temporary str object are silently ignored. Prefer using the PyDict_GetItemWithError() function with your own PyUnicode_FromString() key instead.

PyObject *PyDict_SetDefault(PyObject *p, PyObject *key, PyObject *defaultobj)

回傳值：借用參照。

This is the same as the Python-level dict.setdefault(). If present, it returns the value corresponding to key from the dictionary p. If the key is not in the dict, it is inserted with value defaultobj and defaultobj is returned. This function evaluates the hash function of key only once, instead of evaluating it independently for the lookup and the insertion.

在 3.4 版新加入.

PyObject *PyDict_Items(PyObject *p)

回傳值：新的參照。 Part of the Stable ABI.

Return a PyListObject containing all the items from the dictionary.

PyObject *PyDict_Keys(PyObject *p)

回傳值：新的參照。 Part of the Stable ABI.

Return a PyListObject containing all the keys from the dictionary.

PyObject *PyDict_Values(PyObject *p)

回傳值：新的參照。 Part of the Stable ABI.

Return a PyListObject containing all the values from the dictionary p.

Py_ssize_t PyDict_Size(PyObject *p)

Part of the Stable ABI.

Return the number of items in the dictionary. This is equivalent to len(p) on a dictionary.

int PyDict_Next(PyObject *p, Py_ssize_t *ppos, PyObject **pkey, PyObject **pvalue)

Part of the Stable ABI.

Iterate over all key-value pairs in the dictionary p. The Py_ssize_t referred to by ppos must be initialized to 0 prior to the first call to this function to start the iteration; the function returns true for each pair in the dictionary, and false once all pairs have been reported. The parameters pkey and pvalue should either point to PyObject* variables that will be filled in with each key and value, respectively, or may be NULL. Any references returned through them are borrowed. ppos should not be altered during iteration. Its value represents offsets within the internal dictionary structure, and since the structure is sparse, the offsets are not consecutive.

舉例來說：

PyObject *key, *value;
Py_ssize_t pos = 0;

while (PyDict_Next(self->dict, &pos, &key, &value)) {
    /* do something interesting with the values... */
    ...
}

The dictionary p should not be mutated during iteration. It is safe to modify the values of the keys as you iterate over the dictionary, but only so long as the set of keys does not change. For example:

PyObject *key, *value;
Py_ssize_t pos = 0;

while (PyDict_Next(self->dict, &pos, &key, &value)) {
    long i = PyLong_AsLong(value);
    if (i == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
        return -1;
    }
    PyObject *o = PyLong_FromLong(i + 1);
    if (o == NULL)
        return -1;
    if (PyDict_SetItem(self->dict, key, o) < 0) {
        Py_DECREF(o);
        return -1;
    }
    Py_DECREF(o);
}

int PyDict_Merge(PyObject *a, PyObject *b, int override)

Part of the Stable ABI.

Iterate over mapping object b adding key-value pairs to dictionary a. b may be a dictionary, or any object supporting PyMapping_Keys() and PyObject_GetItem(). If override is true, existing pairs in a will be replaced if a matching key is found in b, otherwise pairs will only be added if there is not a matching key in a. Return 0 on success or -1 if an exception was raised.

int PyDict_Update(PyObject *a, PyObject *b)

Part of the Stable ABI.

This is the same as PyDict_Merge(a, b, 1) in C, and is similar to a.update(b) in Python except that PyDict_Update() doesn't fall back to the iterating over a sequence of key value pairs if the second argument has no "keys" attribute. Return 0 on success or -1 if an exception was raised.

int PyDict_MergeFromSeq2(PyObject *a, PyObject *seq2, int override)

Part of the Stable ABI.

Update or merge into dictionary a, from the key-value pairs in seq2. seq2 must be an iterable object producing iterable objects of length 2, viewed as key-value pairs. In case of duplicate keys, the last wins if override is true, else the first wins. Return 0 on success or -1 if an exception was raised. Equivalent Python (except for the return value):

def PyDict_MergeFromSeq2(a, seq2, override):
    for key, value in seq2:
        if override or key not in a:
            a[key] = value