Internet Protocols and Support
******************************

The modules described in this chapter implement internet protocols and
support for related technology.  They are all implemented in Python.
Most of these modules require the presence of the system-dependent
module "socket", which is currently supported on most popular
platforms.  Here is an overview:

* "webbrowser" --- Convenient web-browser controller

  * Browser Controller Objects

* "wsgiref" --- WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation

  * "wsgiref.util" -- WSGI environment utilities

  * "wsgiref.headers" -- WSGI response header tools

  * "wsgiref.simple_server" -- a simple WSGI HTTP server

  * "wsgiref.validate" --- WSGI conformance checker

  * "wsgiref.handlers" -- server/gateway base classes

  * "wsgiref.types" -- WSGI types for static type checking

  * 範例

* "urllib" --- URL 處理模組

* "urllib.request" --- 用來開啟 URLs 的可擴充函式庫

  * Request Objects

  * OpenerDirector 物件

  * BaseHandler 物件

  * HTTPRedirectHandler 物件

  * HTTPCookieProcessor 物件

  * ProxyHandler 物件

  * HTTPPasswordMgr 物件

  * HTTPPasswordMgrWithPriorAuth 物件

  * AbstractBasicAuthHandler 物件

  * HTTPBasicAuthHandler 物件

  * ProxyBasicAuthHandler 物件

  * AbstractDigestAuthHandler 物件

  * HTTPDigestAuthHandler 物件

  * ProxyDigestAuthHandler 物件

  * HTTPHandler 物件

  * HTTPSHandler 物件

  * FileHandler 物件

  * DataHandler 物件

  * FTPHandler 物件

  * CacheFTPHandler 物件

  * UnknownHandler 物件

  * HTTPErrorProcessor 物件

  * Examples

  * Legacy interface

  * "urllib.request" Restrictions

* "urllib.response" --- Response classes used by urllib

* "urllib.parse" --- Parse URLs into components

  * URL Parsing

  * URL parsing security

  * Parsing ASCII Encoded Bytes

  * Structured Parse Results

  * URL Quoting

* "urllib.error" --- urllib.request 引發的例外類別

* "urllib.robotparser" --- robots.txt 的剖析器

* "http" --- HTTP 模組

  * HTTP 狀態碼

  * HTTP 方法

* "http.client" --- HTTP protocol client

  * HTTPConnection 物件

  * HTTPResponse 物件

  * 範例

  * HTTPMessage 物件

* "ftplib" --- FTP 協定用戶端

  * Reference

    * FTP objects

    * FTP_TLS objects

    * Module variables

* "poplib" --- POP3 protocol client

  * POP3 物件

  * POP3 範例

* "imaplib" --- IMAP4 protocol client

  * IMAP4 物件

  * IMAP4 範例

* "smtplib" --- SMTP protocol client

  * SMTP 物件

  * SMTP 範例

* "uuid" --- UUID objects according to **RFC 4122**

  * 範例

* "socketserver" --- A framework for network servers

  * Server Creation Notes

  * Server Objects

  * Request Handler Objects

  * 範例

    * "socketserver.TCPServer" 範例

    * "socketserver.UDPServer" 範例

    * Asynchronous Mixins

* "http.server" --- HTTP servers

  * Security Considerations

* "http.cookies" --- HTTP state management

  * Cookie 物件

  * Morsel 物件

  * 範例

* "http.cookiejar" --- Cookie handling for HTTP clients

  * CookieJar 與 FileCookieJar 物件

  * FileCookieJar subclasses and co-operation with web browsers

  * CookiePolicy 物件

  * DefaultCookiePolicy 物件

  * Cookie 物件

  * 範例

* "xmlrpc" --- XMLRPC server and client modules

* "xmlrpc.client" --- XML-RPC client access

  * ServerProxy 物件

  * 日期時間物件

  * Binary Objects

  * Fault Objects

  * ProtocolError 物件

  * MultiCall 物件

  * Convenience Functions

  * Example of Client Usage

  * Example of Client and Server Usage

* "xmlrpc.server" --- Basic XML-RPC servers

  * SimpleXMLRPCServer 物件

    * SimpleXMLRPCServer 範例

  * CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler

  * Documenting XMLRPC server

  * DocXMLRPCServer 物件

  * DocCGIXMLRPCRequestHandler

* "ipaddress" --- IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library

  * Convenience factory functions

  * IP Addresses

    * Address objects

    * Conversion to Strings and Integers

    * Operators

      * Comparison operators

      * Arithmetic operators

  * IP Network definitions

    * Prefix, net mask and host mask

    * Network objects

    * Operators

      * Logical operators

      * Iteration

      * Networks as containers of addresses

  * Interface objects

    * Operators

      * Logical operators

  * Other Module Level Functions

  * Custom Exceptions
