10.8. fnmatch — Unix filename pattern matching

Source code: Lib/fnmatch.py

---

This module provides support for Unix shell-style wildcards, which are not the same as regular expressions (which are documented in the re module). The special characters used in shell-style wildcards are:

Pattern	Meaning
*	matches everything
?	matches any single character
[seq]	matches any character in seq
[!seq]	matches any character not in seq

For a literal match, wrap the meta-characters in brackets. For example, '[?]' matches the character '?'.

注意文件名分隔符 (Unix 上为 '/') 不是 此模块所特有的。 请参见 glob 模块了解文件名扩展 (glob 使用 filter() 来匹配文件名的各个部分)。 类似地，以一个句点打头的文件名也不是此模块所特有的，可以通过 * 和 ? 模式来匹配。

fnmatch.fnmatch(filename, pattern)

Test whether the filename string matches the pattern string, returning True or False. Both parameters are case-normalized using os.path.normcase(). fnmatchcase() can be used to perform a case-sensitive comparison, regardless of whether that’s standard for the operating system.

This example will print all file names in the current directory with the extension .txt:

import fnmatch
import os

for file in os.listdir('.'):
    if fnmatch.fnmatch(file, '*.txt'):
        print file

fnmatch.fnmatchcase(filename, pattern)

Test whether filename matches pattern, returning True or False; the comparison is case-sensitive and does not apply os.path.normcase().

fnmatch.filter(names, pattern)

Return the subset of the list of names that match pattern. It is the same as [n for n in names if fnmatch(n, pattern)], but implemented more efficiently.

2.2 版新加入.

fnmatch.translate(pattern)

Return the shell-style pattern converted to a regular expression for using with re.match().

Example:

>>> import fnmatch, re
>>>
>>> regex = fnmatch.translate('*.txt')
>>> regex
'.*\\.txt\\Z(?ms)'
>>> reobj = re.compile(regex)
>>> reobj.match('foobar.txt')
<_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x...>

也參考

Module glob

Unix shell-style path expansion.