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# Long Integer Objects

`PyLongObject`

  This subtype of `PyObject` represents a Python long integer object.

PyTypeObject `PyLong_Type`

  This instance of `PyTypeObject` represents the Python long integer type. This is the same object as `long` and `types.LongType`.

int `PyLong_Check`(PyObject *p)

  Return true if its argument is a `PyLongObject` or a subtype of `PyLongObject`.

  2.2 版更變: Allowed subtypes to be accepted.

int `PyLong_CheckExact`(PyObject *p)

  Return true if its argument is a `PyLongObject`, but not a subtype of `PyLongObject`.

  2.2 版新加入.

PyObject* `PyLong_FromLong`(long v)
  Return value: New reference.

  Return a new `PyLongObject` object from v, or NULL on failure.

PyObject* `PyLong_FromUnsignedLong`(unsigned long v)
  Return value: New reference.

  Return a new `PyLongObject` object from a C `unsigned long`, or NULL on failure.

PyObject* `PyLong_FromSsize_t`(Py_ssize_t v)
  Return value: New reference.

  Return a new `PyLongObject` object from a C `Py_ssize_t`, or NULL on failure.

  2.6 版新加入.

PyObject* `PyLong_FromSize_t`(size_t v)
  Return value: New reference.

  Return a new `PyLongObject` object from a C `size_t`, or NULL on failure.

  2.6 版新加入.

PyObject* `PyLong_FromLongLong`(PY_LONG_LONG v)
  Return value: New reference.

  Return a new `PyLongObject` object from a C `long long`, or NULL on failure.

PyObject* `PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong`(unsigned PY_LONG_LONG v)
  Return value: New reference.

  Return a new `PyLongObject` object from a C `unsigned long long`, or NULL on failure.

PyObject* `PyLong_FromDouble`(double v)
  Return value: New reference.

  Return a new `PyLongObject` object from the integer part of v, or NULL on failure.

PyObject* `PyLong_FromString`(char *str, char **pend, int base)
  Return value: New reference.

  Return a new `PyLongObject` based on the string value in str, which is interpreted according to the radix in base. If pend is non-NULL, *pend will point to the first character in str which follows the representation of the number. If base is `0`, the radix will be determined based on the leading characters of str: if str starts with `'0x'` or `'0X'`, radix 16 will be used; if str starts with `'0'`, radix 8 will be used; otherwise radix 10 will be used. If base is not `0`, it must be between `2` and `36`, inclusive. Leading spaces are ignored. If there are no digits, `ValueError` will be raised.

PyObject* `PyLong_FromUnicode`(Py_UNICODE *u, Py_ssize_t length, int base)
  Return value: New reference.

  Convert a sequence of Unicode digits to a Python long integer value. The first parameter, u, points to the first character of the Unicode string, length gives the number of characters, and base is the radix for the conversion. The radix must be in the range [2, 36]; if it is out of range, `ValueError` will be raised.

  1.6 版新加入.

  2.5 版更變: This function used an `int` for length. This might require changes in your code for properly supporting 64-bit systems.

PyObject* `PyLong_FromVoidPtr`(void *p)
  Return value: New reference.

  Create a Python integer or long integer from the pointer p. The pointer value can be retrieved from the resulting value using `PyLong_AsVoidPtr()`.

  1.5.2 版新加入.

  2.5 版更變: If the integer is larger than LONG_MAX, a positive long integer is returned.

long `PyLong_AsLong`(PyObject *pylong)

  Return a C `long` representation of the contents of pylong. If pylong is greater than `LONG_MAX`, an `OverflowError` is raised and `-1` will be returned.

long `PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow`(PyObject *pylong, int *overflow)

  Return a C `long` representation of the contents of pylong. If pylong is greater than `LONG_MAX` or less than `LONG_MIN`, set *overflow to `1` or `-1`, respectively, and return `-1`; otherwise, set *overflow to `0`. If any other exception occurs (for example a TypeError or MemoryError), then `-1` will be returned and *overflow will be `0`.

  2.7 版新加入.

PY_LONG_LONG `PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow`(PyObject *pylong, int *overflow)

  Return a C `long long` representation of the contents of pylong. If pylong is greater than `PY_LLONG_MAX` or less than `PY_LLONG_MIN`, set *overflow to `1` or `-1`, respectively, and return `-1`; otherwise, set *overflow to `0`. If any other exception occurs (for example a TypeError or MemoryError), then `-1` will be returned and *overflow will be `0`.

  2.7 版新加入.

Py_ssize_t `PyLong_AsSsize_t`(PyObject *pylong)

  Return a C `Py_ssize_t` representation of the contents of pylong. If pylong is greater than `PY_SSIZE_T_MAX`, an `OverflowError` is raised and `-1` will be returned.

  2.6 版新加入.

unsigned long `PyLong_AsUnsignedLong`(PyObject *pylong)

  Return a C `unsigned long` representation of the contents of pylong. If pylong is greater than `ULONG_MAX`, an `OverflowError` is raised.

PY_LONG_LONG `PyLong_AsLongLong`(PyObject *pylong)

  Return a C `long long` from a Python long integer. If pylong cannot be represented as a `long long`, an `OverflowError` is raised and `-1` is returned.

  2.2 版新加入.

unsigned PY_LONG_LONG `PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong`(PyObject *pylong)

  Return a C `unsigned long long` from a Python long integer. If pylong cannot be represented as an `unsigned long long`, an `OverflowError` is raised and `(unsigned long long)-1` is returned.

  2.2 版新加入.

  2.7 版更變: A negative pylong now raises `OverflowError`, not `TypeError`.

unsigned long `PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask`(PyObject *io)

  Return a C `unsigned long` from a Python long integer, without checking for overflow.

  Returns `(unsigned long)-1` on error. Use `PyErr_Occurred()` to disambiguate.

  2.3 版新加入.

unsigned PY_LONG_LONG `PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLongMask`(PyObject *io)

  Return a C `unsigned long long` from a Python long integer, without checking for overflow.

  Returns `(unsigned PY_LONG_LONG)-1` on error. Use `PyErr_Occurred()` to disambiguate.

  2.3 版新加入.

double `PyLong_AsDouble`(PyObject *pylong)

  Return a C `double` representation of the contents of pylong. If pylong cannot be approximately represented as a `double`, an `OverflowError` exception is raised and `-1.0` will be returned.

void* `PyLong_AsVoidPtr`(PyObject *pylong)

  Convert a Python integer or long integer pylong to a C `void` pointer. If pylong cannot be converted, an `OverflowError` will be raised. This is only assured to produce a usable `void` pointer for values created with `PyLong_FromVoidPtr()`.

  1.5.2 版新加入.

  2.5 版更變: For values outside 0..LONG_MAX, both signed and unsigned integers are accepted.