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# 20.18. `BaseHTTPServer` — Basic HTTP server

備註

The `BaseHTTPServer` module has been merged into `http.server` in Python 3. The 2to3 tool will automatically adapt imports when converting your sources to Python 3.

Source code: Lib/BaseHTTPServer.py

This module defines two classes for implementing HTTP servers (Web servers). Usually, this module isn’t used directly, but is used as a basis for building functioning Web servers. See the `SimpleHTTPServer` and `CGIHTTPServer` modules.

The first class, `HTTPServer`, is a `SocketServer.TCPServer` subclass, and therefore implements the `SocketServer.BaseServer` interface. It creates and listens at the HTTP socket, dispatching the requests to a handler. Code to create and run the server looks like this:

    def run(server_class=BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer,
            handler_class=BaseHTTPServer.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
        server_address = ('', 8000)
        httpd = server_class(server_address, handler_class)
        httpd.serve_forever()

class `BaseHTTPServer.``HTTPServer`(server_address, RequestHandlerClass)

  This class builds on the `TCPServer` class by storing the server address as instance variables named `server_name` and `server_port`. The server is accessible by the handler, typically through the handler’s `server` instance variable.

class `BaseHTTPServer.``BaseHTTPRequestHandler`(request, client_address, server)

  This class is used to handle the HTTP requests that arrive at the server. By itself, it cannot respond to any actual HTTP requests; it must be subclassed to handle each request method (e.g. GET or POST). `BaseHTTPRequestHandler` provides a number of class and instance variables, and methods for use by subclasses.

  The handler will parse the request and the headers, then call a method specific to the request type. The method name is constructed from the request. For example, for the request method `SPAM`, the `do_SPAM()` method will be called with no arguments. All of the relevant information is stored in instance variables of the handler. Subclasses should not need to override or extend the `__init__()` method.

  `BaseHTTPRequestHandler` has the following instance variables:

  `client_address`

    Contains a tuple of the form `(host, port)` referring to the client’s address.

  `server`

    Contains the server instance.

  `command`

    Contains the command (request type). For example, `'GET'`.

  `path`

    Contains the request path.

  `request_version`

    Contains the version string from the request. For example, `'HTTP/1.0'`.

  `headers`

    Holds an instance of the class specified by the `MessageClass` class variable. This instance parses and manages the headers in the HTTP request.

  `rfile`

    Contains an input stream, positioned at the start of the optional input data.

  `wfile`

    Contains the output stream for writing a response back to the client. Proper adherence to the HTTP protocol must be used when writing to this stream.

  `BaseHTTPRequestHandler` has the following class variables:

  `server_version`

    Specifies the server software version. You may want to override this. The format is multiple whitespace-separated strings, where each string is of the form name[/version]. For example, `'BaseHTTP/0.2'`.

  `sys_version`

    Contains the Python system version, in a form usable by the `version_string` method and the `server_version` class variable. For example, `'Python/1.4'`.

  `error_message_format`

    Specifies a format string for building an error response to the client. It uses parenthesized, keyed format specifiers, so the format operand must be a dictionary. The code key should be an integer, specifying the numeric HTTP error code value. message should be a string containing a (detailed) error message of what occurred, and explain should be an explanation of the error code number. Default message and explain values can found in the responses class variable.

  `error_content_type`

    Specifies the Content-Type HTTP header of error responses sent to the client. The default value is `'text/html'`.

    2.6 版新加入: Previously, the content type was always `'text/html'`.

  `protocol_version`

    This specifies the HTTP protocol version used in responses. If set to `'HTTP/1.1'`, the server will permit HTTP persistent connections; however, your server must then include an accurate `Content-Length` header (using `send_header()`) in all of its responses to clients. For backwards compatibility, the setting defaults to `'HTTP/1.0'`.

  `MessageClass`

    Specifies a `rfc822.Message`-like class to parse HTTP headers. Typically, this is not overridden, and it defaults to `mimetools.Message`.

  `responses`

    This variable contains a mapping of error code integers to two-element tuples containing a short and long message. For example, `{code: (shortmessage, longmessage)}`. The shortmessage is usually used as the message key in an error response, and longmessage as the explain key (see the `error_message_format` class variable).

  A `BaseHTTPRequestHandler` instance has the following methods:

  `handle`()

    Calls `handle_one_request()` once (or, if persistent connections are enabled, multiple times) to handle incoming HTTP requests. You should never need to override it; instead, implement appropriate `do_*()` methods.

  `handle_one_request`()

    This method will parse and dispatch the request to the appropriate `do_*()` method. You should never need to override it.

  `send_error`(code[, message])

    Sends and logs a complete error reply to the client. The numeric code specifies the HTTP error code, with message as optional, more specific text. A complete set of headers is sent, followed by text composed using the `error_message_format` class variable. The body will be empty if the method is HEAD or the response code is one of the following: `1xx`, `204 No Content`, `205 Reset Content`, `304 Not Modified`.

  `send_response`(code[, message])

    Sends a response header and logs the accepted request. The HTTP response line is sent, followed by Server and Date headers. The values for these two headers are picked up from the `version_string()` and `date_time_string()` methods, respectively.

  `send_header`(keyword, value)

    Writes a specific HTTP header to the output stream. keyword should specify the header keyword, with value specifying its value.

  `end_headers`()

    Sends a blank line, indicating the end of the HTTP headers in the response.

  `log_request`([code[, size]])

    Logs an accepted (successful) request. code should specify the numeric HTTP code associated with the response. If a size of the response is available, then it should be passed as the size parameter.

  `log_error`(...)

    Logs an error when a request cannot be fulfilled. By default, it passes the message to `log_message()`, so it takes the same arguments (format and additional values).

  `log_message`(format, ...)

    Logs an arbitrary message to `sys.stderr`. This is typically overridden to create custom error logging mechanisms. The format argument is a standard printf-style format string, where the additional arguments to `log_message()` are applied as inputs to the formatting. The client ip address and current date and time are prefixed to every message logged.

  `version_string`()

    Returns the server software’s version string. This is a combination of the `server_version` and `sys_version` class variables.

  `date_time_string`([timestamp])

    Returns the date and time given by timestamp (which must be in the format returned by `time.time()`), formatted for a message header. If timestamp is omitted, it uses the current date and time.

    The result looks like `'Sun, 06 Nov 1994 08:49:37 GMT'`.

    2.5 版新加入: The timestamp parameter.

  `log_date_time_string`()

    Returns the current date and time, formatted for logging.

  `address_string`()

    Returns the client address, formatted for logging. A name lookup is performed on the client’s IP address.

## 20.18.1. More examples

To create a server that doesn’t run forever, but until some condition is fulfilled:

    def run_while_true(server_class=BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer,
                       handler_class=BaseHTTPServer.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
        """
        This assumes that keep_running() is a function of no arguments which
        is tested initially and after each request.  If its return value
        is true, the server continues.
        """
        server_address = ('', 8000)
        httpd = server_class(server_address, handler_class)
        while keep_running():
            httpd.handle_request()

也參考

Module `CGIHTTPServer`

  Extended request handler that supports CGI scripts.

Module `SimpleHTTPServer`

  Basic request handler that limits response to files actually under the document root.