Tkinter 对话框

tkinter.simpledialog --- 标准 Tkinter 输入对话框

源码: Lib/tkinter/simpledialog.py

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tkinter.simpledialog 模块包含一些便捷类和函数可用来创建简单的模态对话框以便从用户获取值。

tkinter.simpledialog.askfloat(title, prompt, *, initialvalue=None, minvalue=None, maxvalue=None, parent=None, use_ttk=True)

tkinter.simpledialog.askinteger(title, prompt, *, initialvalue=None, minvalue=None, maxvalue=None, parent=None, use_ttk=True)

tkinter.simpledialog.askstring(title, prompt, *, initialvalue=None, show=None, parent=None, use_ttk=True)

提示用户输入所要求类型的值并将其返回，或者如果对话框被取消则返回 None。

title is the dialog title and prompt the message shown above the entry. initialvalue is the value initially placed in the entry. parent is the window over which the dialog is shown. askinteger() and askfloat() also accept minvalue and maxvalue, which bound the accepted value. askstring() also accepts show, a character used to mask the entered text, for example '*' to hide a password. They use the themed tkinter.ttk widgets; pass use_ttk=False for the classic widgets.

class tkinter.simpledialog.Dialog(parent, title=None, *, use_ttk=False)

The base class for custom dialogs. Instantiating it shows the dialog modally and returns once the user closes it; the entered value is then available in the result attribute. When use_ttk is false (the default), the dialog is built from the classic tkinter widgets, modelled on the classic tk_dialog; when true, from the themed tkinter.ttk widgets, modelled on the Tk message box. The default is classic for compatibility, since the themed widgets set a themed background that classic widgets added in body() would not match.

在 3.16.0a0 (unreleased) 版本发生变更: Added the use_ttk parameter.

result

由 apply() 产生的值，或者如果对话框被取消则为 None。

body(master)

可以覆盖，用于构建对话框的界面，并返回初始焦点所在的部件。

buttonbox()

加入 OK 和 Cancel 按钮的默认行为。重写自定义按钮布局。

validate()

Validate the data entered by the user. Return true if it is valid, in which case the dialog proceeds to apply(); return false to keep the dialog open. The default implementation always returns true; override it to check the input.

apply()

Process the data entered by the user, for example by storing it in the result attribute. Called after validate() succeeds and just before the dialog is destroyed. The default implementation does nothing; override it to act on or store the result.

destroy()

Destroy the dialog window, clearing the reference to the widget that had the initial focus.

class tkinter.simpledialog.SimpleDialog(master, text='', buttons=[], default=None, cancel=None, title=None, class_=None, *, bitmap=None, detail='', use_ttk=True)

A simple modal dialog that displays the message text above a row of push buttons given by buttons, and returns the index of the button the user presses. Each entry of buttons is either a button label, or a mapping of button options such as {'text': 'OK', 'underline': 0}; an underline option makes Alt plus the underlined character invoke the button. default is the index of the default button, activated by the Return key when no button has the focus, cancel the index returned when the window is closed through the window manager, title the window title, and class_ the Tk class name of the window. bitmap is the name of a bitmap displayed beside the message (for example 'warning' or 'question'); the standard names 'error', 'info', 'question' and 'warning' are shown as themed icons when use_ttk is true. detail is a secondary message displayed below text. When use_ttk is true (the default), the dialog is built from the themed tkinter.ttk widgets, modelled on the Tk message box; when false, from the classic tkinter widgets, modelled on tk_dialog.

在 3.16.0a0 (unreleased) 版本发生变更: The dialog is now built from the themed tkinter.ttk widgets by default, instead of the classic tkinter widgets. Added the bitmap, detail and use_ttk parameters. Entries of buttons may be mappings of button options.

go()

Display the dialog, wait until the user presses a button or closes the window, and return the index of the chosen button.

tkinter.filedialog --- 文件选择对话框

源码: Lib/tkinter/filedialog.py

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tkinter.filedialog 模块提供了用于创建文件/目录选择窗口的类和工厂函数。

原生的载入/保存对话框

以下类和函数提供了文件对话窗口，这些窗口带有原生外观，具备可定制行为的配置项。这些关键字参数适用于下列类和函数：

parent —— 将对话框置于其上方的窗口

title —— 窗口的标题

initialdir —— 对话框的启动目录

initialfile —— 打开对话框时选中的文件

filetypes —— （标签，匹配模式）元组构成的列表，允许使用“*”通配符

defaultextension —— 默认的扩展名，用于加到文件名后面（保存对话框）。

multiple —— 为 True 则允许多选

静态工厂函数

The below functions when called create a modal, native look-and-feel dialog, wait for the user's selection, and return it. The exact return value depends on the function (see below); when the dialog is cancelled it is the empty value documented for that function -- an empty string, an empty tuple, an empty list or None.

tkinter.filedialog.askopenfile(mode='r', **options)

tkinter.filedialog.askopenfiles(mode='r', **options)

Create an Open dialog. askopenfile() returns the opened file object, or None if the dialog is cancelled. askopenfiles() returns a list of the opened file objects, or an empty list if cancelled. The files are opened in mode mode (read-only 'r' by default).

tkinter.filedialog.asksaveasfile(mode='w', **options)

Create a SaveAs dialog and return the opened file object, or None if the dialog is cancelled. The file is opened in mode mode ('w' by default).

tkinter.filedialog.askopenfilename(**options)

tkinter.filedialog.askopenfilenames(**options)

Create an Open dialog. askopenfilename() returns the selected filename as a string, or an empty string if the dialog is cancelled. askopenfilenames() returns a tuple of the selected filenames, or an empty tuple if cancelled.

tkinter.filedialog.asksaveasfilename(**options)

Create a SaveAs dialog and return the selected filename as a string, or an empty string if the dialog is cancelled.

tkinter.filedialog.askdirectory(**options)

Prompt the user to select a directory, and return its path as a string, or an empty string if the dialog is cancelled. Additional keyword option: mustexist - if true, the user may only select an existing directory (false by default).

class tkinter.filedialog.Open(master=None, **options)

class tkinter.filedialog.SaveAs(master=None, **options)

上述两个类提供了用于保存和加载文件的原生对话窗口。

便捷类

以下类用于从头开始创建文件/目录窗口。不会模仿当前系统的原生外观。

class tkinter.filedialog.Directory(master=None, **options)

创建对话框，提示用户选择一个目录。

备注

为了实现自定义的事件处理和行为，应继承 FileDialog 类。

class tkinter.filedialog.FileDialog(master, title=None)

创建一个简单的文件选择对话框。

cancel_command(event=None)

触发对话窗口的终止。

dirs_double_event(event)

目录双击事件的处理程序。

dirs_select_event(event)

目录单击事件的处理程序。

files_double_event(event)

文件双击事件的处理程序。

files_select_event(event)

文件单击事件的处理程序。

filter_command(event=None)

按目录筛选文件。

get_filter()

获取当前使用的文件筛选器。

get_selection()

获取当前选中项。

go(dir_or_file=os.curdir, pattern='*', default='', key=None)

显示对话框并启动事件循环。

ok_event(event)

退出对话框并返回当前选中项。

ok_command()

Called when the user confirms the current selection. The base implementation accepts the selection and closes the dialog; LoadFileDialog and SaveFileDialog override it to check the selection first.

quit(how=None)

退出对话框并返回文件名。

set_filter(dir, pat)

设置文件筛选器。

set_selection(file)

将当前选中文件更新为 file。

class tkinter.filedialog.LoadFileDialog(master, title=None)

FileDialog 的一个子类，创建用于选取已有文件的对话窗口。

ok_command()

检测有否给出文件，以及选中的文件是否存在。

class tkinter.filedialog.SaveFileDialog(master, title=None)

FileDialog 的一个子类，创建用于选择目标文件的对话窗口。

ok_command()

检测选中项是否指向一个非目录的有效文件。如果选中了已存在的文件，则需要用户进行确认。

tkinter.commondialog --- Dialog window templates

源码: Lib/tkinter/commondialog.py

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The tkinter.commondialog module provides the Dialog class that is the base class for dialogs defined in other supporting modules.

class tkinter.commondialog.Dialog(master=None, **options)

show(**options)

显示对话窗口。

tkinter.dialog --- Classic Tk dialog boxes

Source code: Lib/tkinter/dialog.py

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The tkinter.dialog module provides a simple modal dialog box built on the classic (non-themed) Tk widgets.

tkinter.dialog.DIALOG_ICON

The name of the default bitmap ('questhead') displayed by a Dialog.

class tkinter.dialog.Dialog(master=None, cnf={}, **kw)

Display a modal dialog box built from the classic (non-themed) Tk widgets and wait for the user to press one of its buttons. The options, given through cnf or as keyword arguments, include title (the window title), text (the message), bitmap (an icon, DIALOG_ICON by default), default (the index of the default button) and strings (the sequence of button labels). After construction, the num attribute holds the index of the button the user pressed.

destroy()

Destroy the dialog window.

参见

模块 tkinter.messagebox, 读写文件