描述器对象
**********

“描述器”是描述对象的某些属性的对象。它们存在于类型对象的字典中。

PyObject *PyDescr_NewGetSet(PyTypeObject *type, struct PyGetSetDef *getset)
    *返回值：新的引用。** 属于 稳定 ABI.*

   根据 "PyGetSetDef" 结构体 *getset* 为扩展类型 *type* 创建一个新的
   get-set 描述器。

   get-set 描述器将暴露由 C getter 和 setter 函数实现的属性而不是直接
   存储在实例中。 这与为 "tp_getset" 中条目创建的描述器种类相同，它将
   作为一个 "types.GetSetDescriptorType" 对象出现在 Python 中。

   On success, return a *strong reference* to the descriptor. Return
   "NULL" with an exception set on failure.

PyObject *PyDescr_NewMember(PyTypeObject *type, struct PyMemberDef *member)
    *返回值：新的引用。** 属于 稳定 ABI.*

   Create a new member descriptor for extension type *type* from the
   "PyMemberDef" structure *member*.

   Member descriptors expose fields in the type's C struct as Python
   attributes. This is the same kind of descriptor created for entries
   in "tp_members", and it appears in Python as a
   "types.MemberDescriptorType" object.

   On success, return a *strong reference* to the descriptor. Return
   "NULL" with an exception set on failure.

PyTypeObject PyMemberDescr_Type
    * 属于 稳定 ABI.*

   基于 "PyMemberDef" 结构体创建的成员描述器对象的类型对象。这种描述器
   将 C 结构的字段暴露为类型的属性，对应 Python 中的
   "types.MemberDescriptorType" 对象。

PyTypeObject PyGetSetDescr_Type
    * 属于 稳定 ABI.*

   The type object for get/set descriptor objects created from
   "PyGetSetDef" structures. These descriptors implement attributes
   whose value is computed by C getter and setter functions, and are
   used for many built-in type attributes. They correspond to
   "types.GetSetDescriptorType" objects in Python.

PyObject *PyDescr_NewMethod(PyTypeObject *type, struct PyMethodDef *meth)
    *返回值：新的引用。** 属于 稳定 ABI.*

   Create a new method descriptor for extension type *type* from the
   "PyMethodDef" structure *meth*.

   Method descriptors expose C functions as methods on a type. This is
   the same kind of descriptor created for entries in "tp_methods",
   and it appears in Python as a "types.MethodDescriptorType" object.

   On success, return a *strong reference* to the descriptor. Return
   "NULL" with an exception set on failure.

PyTypeObject PyMethodDescr_Type
    * 属于 稳定 ABI.*

   The type object for method descriptor objects created from
   "PyMethodDef" structures. These descriptors expose C functions as
   methods on a type, and correspond to "types.MethodDescriptorType"
   objects in Python.

struct wrapperbase

   Describes a slot wrapper used by "PyDescr_NewWrapper()".

   Each "wrapperbase" record stores the Python-visible name and
   metadata for a special method implemented by a type slot, together
   with the wrapper function used to adapt that slot to Python's
   calling convention.

PyObject *PyDescr_NewWrapper(PyTypeObject *type, struct wrapperbase *base, void *wrapped)
    *返回值：新的引用。*

   Create a new wrapper descriptor for extension type *type* from the
   "wrapperbase" structure *base* and the wrapped slot function
   pointer *wrapped*.

   Wrapper descriptors expose special methods implemented by type
   slots. This is the same kind of descriptor that CPython creates for
   slot-based special methods such as "__repr__" or "__add__", and it
   appears in Python as a "types.WrapperDescriptorType" object.

   On success, return a *strong reference* to the descriptor. Return
   "NULL" with an exception set on failure.

PyTypeObject PyWrapperDescr_Type
    * 属于 稳定 ABI.*

   由 "PyDescr_NewWrapper()" 和 "PyWrapper_New()" 创建的包装器描述器对
   象的类型对象。 包装器描述器在内部被用于暴露通过包装器结构体实现的特
   殊方法，对应 Python 中的 "types.WrapperDescriptorType" 对象。

PyObject *PyDescr_NewClassMethod(PyTypeObject *type, PyMethodDef *method)
    *返回值：新的引用。** 属于 稳定 ABI.*

   Create a new class method descriptor for extension type *type* from
   the "PyMethodDef" structure *method*.

   Class method descriptors expose C methods that receive the class
   rather than an instance when accessed. This is the same kind of
   descriptor created for "METH_CLASS" entries in "tp_methods", and it
   appears in Python as a "types.ClassMethodDescriptorType" object.

   On success, return a *strong reference* to the descriptor. Return
   "NULL" with an exception set on failure.

int PyDescr_IsData(PyObject *descr)

   如果描述器对象 *descr* 描述的是一个数据属性则返回非零值，或者如果它
   描述的是一个方法则返回 "0"。 *descr* 必须是一个描述器对象；不会进行
   错误检查。

PyObject *PyWrapper_New(PyObject *d, PyObject *self)
    *返回值：新的引用。** 属于 稳定 ABI.*

   Create a new bound wrapper object from the wrapper descriptor *d*
   and the instance *self*.

   This is the bound form of a wrapper descriptor created by
   "PyDescr_NewWrapper()". CPython creates these objects when a slot
   wrapper is accessed through an instance, and they appear in Python
   as "types.MethodWrapperType" objects.

   On success, return a *strong reference* to the wrapper object.
   Return "NULL" with an exception set on failure.

PyDescr_COMMON

   This is a macro including the common fields for a descriptor
   object.

   This was included in Python's C API by mistake; do not use it in
   extensions. For creating custom descriptor objects, create a class
   implementing the descriptor protocol ("tp_descr_get" and
   "tp_descr_set").

   自 3.15 版起已处于 Soft deprecated 状态.


内置描述器
==========

PyTypeObject PyProperty_Type
    * 属于 稳定 ABI.*

   The type object for property objects. This is the same object as
   "property" in the Python layer.

PyTypeObject PySuper_Type
    * 属于 稳定 ABI.*

   super 对象的类型对象。它与 Python 层面的 "super" 是相同的对象。

PyTypeObject PyClassMethod_Type

   类方法对象的类型。它与 Python 层面的 "classmethod" 是相同的对象。

PyTypeObject PyClassMethodDescr_Type
    * 属于 稳定 ABI.*

   The type object for C-level class method descriptor objects. This
   is the type of the descriptors created for "classmethod()" defined
   in C extension types, and corresponds to
   "types.ClassMethodDescriptorType" objects in Python.

PyObject *PyClassMethod_New(PyObject *callable)

   新建一个包裹 *callable* 的 "classmethod" 对象。*callable* 必须是一
   个可调用对象，并且不可为 "NULL" 值。

   成功时，此函数将返回一个指向新类方法描述器的 *strong reference*。失
   败时，此函数将返回 "NULL" 并设置一个异常。

PyTypeObject PyStaticMethod_Type

   静态方法对象的类型。它与 Python 层面的 "staticmethod" 是相同的对象
   。

PyObject *PyStaticMethod_New(PyObject *callable)

   新建一个包裹 *callable* 的 "staticmethod" 对象。*callable* 必须是一
   个可调用对象，并且不可为 "NULL" 值。

   成功时，此函数将返回一个指向新静态方法描述器的 *strong reference*。
   失败时，此函数将返回 "NULL" 并设置一个异常。
