"glob" --- Unix 风格路径名模式扩展
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**源代码:** Lib/glob.py

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"glob" 模块可根据 Unix 终端所用规则找出所有匹配特定模式的路径名，但会
按不确定的顺序返回结果。 波浪号扩展不会生效，但 "*", "?" 以及表示为
"[]" 的字符范围将被正确地匹配。 这是通过配合使用 "os.scandir()" 和
"fnmatch.fnmatch()" 函数来实现的，而不是通过实际发起调用子终端。 请注
意不同于 "fnmatch.fnmatch()"，"glob" 会将以点号 (".") 开头的文件名作为
特殊情况来处理。 （对于波浪号和终端变量扩展，请使用
"os.path.expanduser()" 和 "os.path.expandvars()"。）

对于字面值匹配，请将原字符用方括号括起来。 例如，"'[?]'" 将匹配字符
"'?'"。

参见: "pathlib" 模块提供高级路径对象。

glob.glob(pathname, *, recursive=False)

   Return a possibly-empty list of path names that match *pathname*,
   which must be a string containing a path specification. *pathname*
   can be either absolute (like "/usr/src/Python-1.5/Makefile") or
   relative (like "../../Tools/*/*.gif"), and can contain shell-style
   wildcards. Broken symlinks are included in the results (as in the
   shell). Whether or not the results are sorted depends on the file
   system.

   If *recursive* is true, the pattern ""**"" will match any files and
   zero or more directories, subdirectories and symbolic links to
   directories. If the pattern is followed by an "os.sep" or
   "os.altsep" then files will not match.

   Raises an auditing event "glob.glob" with arguments "pathname",
   "recursive".

   注解: 在一个较大的目录树中使用 ""**"" 模式可能会消耗非常多的时间
     。

   在 3.5 版更改: Support for recursive globs using ""**"".

glob.iglob(pathname, *, recursive=False)

   Return an *iterator* which yields the same values as "glob()"
   without actually storing them all simultaneously.

   Raises an auditing event "glob.glob" with arguments "pathname",
   "recursive".

glob.escape(pathname)

   Escape all special characters ("'?'", "'*'" and "'['"). This is
   useful if you want to match an arbitrary literal string that may
   have special characters in it.  Special characters in drive/UNC
   sharepoints are not escaped, e.g. on Windows "escape('//?/c:/Quo
   vadis?.txt')" returns "'//?/c:/Quo vadis[?].txt'".

   3.4 新版功能.

For example, consider a directory containing the following files:
"1.gif", "2.txt", "card.gif" and a subdirectory "sub" which contains
only the file "3.txt".  "glob()" will produce the following results.
Notice how any leading components of the path are preserved.

   >>> import glob
   >>> glob.glob('./[0-9].*')
   ['./1.gif', './2.txt']
   >>> glob.glob('*.gif')
   ['1.gif', 'card.gif']
   >>> glob.glob('?.gif')
   ['1.gif']
   >>> glob.glob('**/*.txt', recursive=True)
   ['2.txt', 'sub/3.txt']
   >>> glob.glob('./**/', recursive=True)
   ['./', './sub/']

If the directory contains files starting with "." they won't be
matched by default. For example, consider a directory containing
"card.gif" and ".card.gif":

   >>> import glob
   >>> glob.glob('*.gif')
   ['card.gif']
   >>> glob.glob('.c*')
   ['.card.gif']

参见:

  Module "fnmatch"
     Shell-style filename (not path) expansion
