# 整数型对象

所有整数都使用以任意大小的长整数对象表示。

在出错时，大多数 `PyLong_As*` API返回 `(返回值类型)-1` ，无法与一般的数字区分开来。请使用 `PyErr_Occurred()` 来区分。

`PyLongObject`

  表示 Python 整数对象的 `PyObject` 子类型。

PyTypeObject `PyLong_Type`

  这个 `PyTypeObject` 的实例表示 Python 的整数类型。与Python层中的 `int` 相同。

int `PyLong_Check`( PyObject *p)

  如果参数是 `PyLongObject` 或 `PyLongObject` 的子类型，返回 true 。

int `PyLong_CheckExact`( PyObject *p)

  如果参数是 `PyLongObject` 但不是 `PyLongObject` 的子类型，返回 true。

PyObject* `PyLong_FromLong`(long v)
  Return value: New reference.

  由 v 返回一个新的 `PyLongObject` 对象，失败时返回 `NULL` 。

  The current implementation keeps an array of integer objects for all integers between `-5` and `256`, when you create an int in that range you actually just get back a reference to the existing object. So it should be possible to change the value of `1`. I suspect the behaviour of Python in this case is undefined. :-)

PyObject* `PyLong_FromUnsignedLong`(unsigned long v)
  Return value: New reference.

  由 C `unsigned long` 类型返回一个新的 `PyLongObject` 对象，失败时返回 `NULL` 。

PyObject* `PyLong_FromSsize_t`(Py_ssize_t v)
  Return value: New reference.

  从 C `Py_ssize_t` 类型返回一个新的 `PyLongObject` 对象，如果失败则返回``NULL``。

PyObject* `PyLong_FromSize_t`(size_t v)
  Return value: New reference.

  从 C `size_t` 返回一个新的 `PyLongObject` 对象，如果失败则返回``NULL``。

PyObject* `PyLong_FromLongLong`(long long v)
  Return value: New reference.

  从 C `long long` 返回一个新的 `PyLongObject` 对象，失败时返回``NULL``。

PyObject* `PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong`(unsigned long long v)
  Return value: New reference.

  从 C `unsigned long long` 返回一个新的 `PyLongObject` 对象，失败时返回``NULL``。

PyObject* `PyLong_FromDouble`(double v)
  Return value: New reference.

  从 v 的整数部分返回一个新的 `PyLongObject` 对象，如果失败则返回``NULL``。

PyObject* `PyLong_FromString`(const char *str, char **pend, int base)
  Return value: New reference.

  根据 str 字符串值返回一个新的 `PyLongObject` ，base 指定基数。如果 pend 不是 `NULL` ， /*pend 将指向 str 中表示这个数字部分的后面的第一个字符。如果 base 是 `0` ， str 将使用 整型数字面值 定义来解释；在这种情况下，一个非零的十进制数中的前导零会引发一个 `ValueError` 。如果 base 不是 `0` ，它必须在 `2` 和` 36` 之间，包括2和36。基数说明符后以及数字之间的前导空格、单下划线将被忽略。如果没有数字，将引发 `ValueError`。

PyObject* `PyLong_FromUnicode`( Py_UNICODE *u, Py_ssize_t length, int base)
  Return value: New reference.

  Convert a sequence of Unicode digits to a Python integer value.

  Deprecated since version 3.3, will be removed in version 3.10: Part of the old-style `Py_UNICODE` API; please migrate to using `PyLong_FromUnicodeObject()`.

PyObject* `PyLong_FromUnicodeObject`( PyObject *u, int base)
  Return value: New reference.

  Convert a sequence of Unicode digits in the string u to a Python integer value.

  3.3 新版功能.

PyObject* `PyLong_FromVoidPtr`(void *p)
  Return value: New reference.

  Create a Python integer from the pointer p. The pointer value can be retrieved from the resulting value using `PyLong_AsVoidPtr()`.

long `PyLong_AsLong`( PyObject *obj)

  Return a C `long` representation of obj. If obj is not an instance of `PyLongObject`, first call its `__index__()` or `__int__()` method (if present) to convert it to a `PyLongObject`.

  Raise `OverflowError` if the value of obj is out of range for a `long`.

  Returns `-1` on error. Use `PyErr_Occurred()` to disambiguate.

  在 3.8 版更改: 如果可用将使用 `__index__()`。

  3.8 版后已移除: Using `__int__()` is deprecated.

long `PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow`( PyObject *obj, int *overflow)

  Return a C `long` representation of obj. If obj is not an instance of `PyLongObject`, first call its `__index__()` or `__int__()` method (if present) to convert it to a `PyLongObject`.

  If the value of obj is greater than `LONG_MAX` or less than `LONG_MIN`, set *overflow to `1` or `-1`, respectively, and return `-1`; otherwise, set *overflow to `0`. If any other exception occurs set *overflow to `0` and return `-1` as usual.

  Returns `-1` on error. Use `PyErr_Occurred()` to disambiguate.

  在 3.8 版更改: 如果可用将使用 `__index__()`。

  3.8 版后已移除: Using `__int__()` is deprecated.

long long `PyLong_AsLongLong`( PyObject *obj)

  Return a C `long long` representation of obj. If obj is not an instance of `PyLongObject`, first call its `__index__()` or `__int__()` method (if present) to convert it to a `PyLongObject`.

  Raise `OverflowError` if the value of obj is out of range for a `long long`.

  Returns `-1` on error. Use `PyErr_Occurred()` to disambiguate.

  在 3.8 版更改: 如果可用将使用 `__index__()`。

  3.8 版后已移除: Using `__int__()` is deprecated.

long long `PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow`( PyObject *obj, int *overflow)

  Return a C `long long` representation of obj. If obj is not an instance of `PyLongObject`, first call its `__index__()` or `__int__()` method (if present) to convert it to a `PyLongObject`.

  If the value of obj is greater than `PY_LLONG_MAX` or less than `PY_LLONG_MIN`, set *overflow to `1` or `-1`, respectively, and return `-1`; otherwise, set *overflow to `0`. If any other exception occurs set *overflow to `0` and return `-1` as usual.

  Returns `-1` on error. Use `PyErr_Occurred()` to disambiguate.

  3.2 新版功能.

  在 3.8 版更改: 如果可用将使用 `__index__()`。

  3.8 版后已移除: Using `__int__()` is deprecated.

Py_ssize_t `PyLong_AsSsize_t`( PyObject *pylong)

  Return a C `Py_ssize_t` representation of pylong. pylong must be an instance of `PyLongObject`.

  Raise `OverflowError` if the value of pylong is out of range for a `Py_ssize_t`.

  Returns `-1` on error. Use `PyErr_Occurred()` to disambiguate.

unsigned long `PyLong_AsUnsignedLong`( PyObject *pylong)

  Return a C `unsigned long` representation of pylong. pylong must be an instance of `PyLongObject`.

  Raise `OverflowError` if the value of pylong is out of range for a `unsigned long`.

  Returns `(unsigned long)-1` on error. Use `PyErr_Occurred()` to disambiguate.

size_t `PyLong_AsSize_t`( PyObject *pylong)

  Return a C `size_t` representation of pylong. pylong must be an instance of `PyLongObject`.

  Raise `OverflowError` if the value of pylong is out of range for a `size_t`.

  Returns `(size_t)-1` on error. Use `PyErr_Occurred()` to disambiguate.

unsigned long long `PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong`( PyObject *pylong)

  Return a C `unsigned long long` representation of pylong. pylong must be an instance of `PyLongObject`.

  Raise `OverflowError` if the value of pylong is out of range for an `unsigned long long`.

  Returns `(unsigned long long)-1` on error. Use `PyErr_Occurred()` to disambiguate.

  在 3.1 版更改: A negative pylong now raises `OverflowError`, not `TypeError`.

unsigned long `PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask`( PyObject *obj)

  Return a C `unsigned long` representation of obj. If obj is not an instance of `PyLongObject`, first call its `__index__()` or `__int__()` method (if present) to convert it to a `PyLongObject`.

  If the value of obj is out of range for an `unsigned long`, return the reduction of that value modulo `ULONG_MAX + 1`.

  Returns `(unsigned long)-1` on error. Use `PyErr_Occurred()` to disambiguate.

  在 3.8 版更改: 如果可用将使用 `__index__()`。

  3.8 版后已移除: Using `__int__()` is deprecated.

unsigned long long `PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLongMask`( PyObject *obj)

  Return a C `unsigned long long` representation of obj. If obj is not an instance of `PyLongObject`, first call its `__index__()` or `__int__()` method (if present) to convert it to a `PyLongObject`.

  If the value of obj is out of range for an `unsigned long long`, return the reduction of that value modulo `PY_ULLONG_MAX + 1`.

  Returns `(unsigned long long)-1` on error. Use `PyErr_Occurred()` to disambiguate.

  在 3.8 版更改: 如果可用将使用 `__index__()`。

  3.8 版后已移除: Using `__int__()` is deprecated.

double `PyLong_AsDouble`( PyObject *pylong)

  Return a C `double` representation of pylong. pylong must be an instance of `PyLongObject`.

  Raise `OverflowError` if the value of pylong is out of range for a `double`.

  Returns `-1.0` on error. Use `PyErr_Occurred()` to disambiguate.

void* `PyLong_AsVoidPtr`( PyObject *pylong)

  Convert a Python integer pylong to a C `void` pointer. If pylong cannot be converted, an `OverflowError` will be raised. This is only assured to produce a usable `void` pointer for values created with `PyLong_FromVoidPtr()`.

  Returns `NULL` on error. Use `PyErr_Occurred()` to disambiguate.