25.3. tkinter.tix — TK扩展包

源代码: Lib/tkinter/tix.py

3.6 版后已移除: 这个 TK 扩展已无人维护所以请不要在新代码中使用。 请改用 tkinter.ttk。

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The tkinter.tix (Tk Interface Extension) module provides an additional rich set of widgets. Although the standard Tk library has many useful widgets, they are far from complete. The tkinter.tix library provides most of the commonly needed widgets that are missing from standard Tk: HList, ComboBox, Control (a.k.a. SpinBox) and an assortment of scrollable widgets. tkinter.tix also includes many more widgets that are generally useful in a wide range of applications: NoteBook, FileEntry, PanedWindow, etc; there are more than 40 of them.

With all these new widgets, you can introduce new interaction techniques into applications, creating more useful and more intuitive user interfaces. You can design your application by choosing the most appropriate widgets to match the special needs of your application and users.

参见

Tix Homepage

The home page for Tix. This includes links to additional documentation and downloads.

Tix Man Pages

On-line version of the man pages and reference material.

Tix Programming Guide

On-line version of the programmer’s reference material.

Tix Development Applications

Tix applications for development of Tix and Tkinter programs. Tide applications work under Tk or Tkinter, and include TixInspect, an inspector to remotely modify and debug Tix/Tk/Tkinter applications.

25.3.1. Using Tix

class tkinter.tix.Tk(screenName=None, baseName=None, className='Tix')

Toplevel widget of Tix which represents mostly the main window of an application. It has an associated Tcl interpreter.

Classes in the tkinter.tix module subclasses the classes in the tkinter. The former imports the latter, so to use tkinter.tix with Tkinter, all you need to do is to import one module. In general, you can just import tkinter.tix, and replace the toplevel call to tkinter.Tk with tix.Tk:

from tkinter import tix
from tkinter.constants import *
root = tix.Tk()

To use tkinter.tix, you must have the Tix widgets installed, usually alongside your installation of the Tk widgets. To test your installation, try the following:

from tkinter import tix
root = tix.Tk()
root.tk.eval('package require Tix')

If this fails, you have a Tk installation problem which must be resolved before proceeding. Use the environment variable TIX_LIBRARY to point to the installed Tix library directory, and make sure you have the dynamic object library (tix8183.dll or libtix8183.so) in the same directory that contains your Tk dynamic object library (tk8183.dll or libtk8183.so). The directory with the dynamic object library should also have a file called pkgIndex.tcl (case sensitive), which contains the line:

package ifneeded Tix 8.1 [list load "[file join $dir tix8183.dll]" Tix]

25.3.2. Tix Widgets

Tix introduces over 40 widget classes to the tkinter repertoire.

25.3.2.1. Basic Widgets

class tkinter.tix.Balloon

A Balloon that pops up over a widget to provide help. When the user moves the cursor inside a widget to which a Balloon widget has been bound, a small pop-up window with a descriptive message will be shown on the screen.

class tkinter.tix.ButtonBox

The ButtonBox widget creates a box of buttons, such as is commonly used for Ok Cancel.

class tkinter.tix.ComboBox

The ComboBox widget is similar to the combo box control in MS Windows. The user can select a choice by either typing in the entry subwidget or selecting from the listbox subwidget.

class tkinter.tix.Control

The Control 控件又名 SpinBox 控件。 用户可通过点按两个方向键或直接输入内容来调整数值。 更新的数值将被检查是否在用户定义的上下限之内。

class tkinter.tix.LabelEntry

The LabelEntry widget packages an entry widget and a label into one mega widget. It can be used to simplify the creation of “entry-form” type of interface.

class tkinter.tix.LabelFrame

The LabelFrame widget packages a frame widget and a label into one mega widget. To create widgets inside a LabelFrame widget, one creates the new widgets relative to the frame subwidget and manage them inside the frame subwidget.

class tkinter.tix.Meter

The Meter widget can be used to show the progress of a background job which may take a long time to execute.

class tkinter.tix.OptionMenu

The OptionMenu creates a menu button of options.

class tkinter.tix.PopupMenu

The PopupMenu widget can be used as a replacement of the tk_popup command. The advantage of the Tix PopupMenu widget is it requires less application code to manipulate.

class tkinter.tix.Select

The Select widget is a container of button subwidgets. It can be used to provide radio-box or check-box style of selection options for the user.

class tkinter.tix.StdButtonBox

The StdButtonBox widget is a group of standard buttons for Motif-like dialog boxes.

25.3.2.2. File Selectors

class tkinter.tix.DirList

The DirList widget displays a list view of a directory, its previous directories and its sub-directories. The user can choose one of the directories displayed in the list or change to another directory.

class tkinter.tix.DirTree

The DirTree widget displays a tree view of a directory, its previous directories and its sub-directories. The user can choose one of the directories displayed in the list or change to another directory.

class tkinter.tix.DirSelectDialog

The DirSelectDialog widget presents the directories in the file system in a dialog window. The user can use this dialog window to navigate through the file system to select the desired directory.

class tkinter.tix.DirSelectBox

The DirSelectBox is similar to the standard Motif(TM) directory-selection box. It is generally used for the user to choose a directory. DirSelectBox stores the directories mostly recently selected into a ComboBox widget so that they can be quickly selected again.

class tkinter.tix.ExFileSelectBox

The ExFileSelectBox widget is usually embedded in a tixExFileSelectDialog widget. It provides a convenient method for the user to select files. The style of the ExFileSelectBox widget is very similar to the standard file dialog on MS Windows 3.1.

class tkinter.tix.FileSelectBox

The FileSelectBox is similar to the standard Motif(TM) file-selection box. It is generally used for the user to choose a file. FileSelectBox stores the files mostly recently selected into a ComboBox widget so that they can be quickly selected again.

class tkinter.tix.FileEntry

The FileEntry widget can be used to input a filename. The user can type in the filename manually. Alternatively, the user can press the button widget that sits next to the entry, which will bring up a file selection dialog.

25.3.2.3. Hierarchical ListBox

class tkinter.tix.HList

The HList widget can be used to display any data that have a hierarchical structure, for example, file system directory trees. The list entries are indented and connected by branch lines according to their places in the hierarchy.

class tkinter.tix.CheckList

The CheckList widget displays a list of items to be selected by the user. CheckList acts similarly to the Tk checkbutton or radiobutton widgets, except it is capable of handling many more items than checkbuttons or radiobuttons.

class tkinter.tix.Tree

The Tree widget can be used to display hierarchical data in a tree form. The user can adjust the view of the tree by opening or closing parts of the tree.

25.3.2.4. Tabular ListBox

class tkinter.tix.TList

The TList widget can be used to display data in a tabular format. The list entries of a TList widget are similar to the entries in the Tk listbox widget. The main differences are (1) the TList widget can display the list entries in a two dimensional format and (2) you can use graphical images as well as multiple colors and fonts for the list entries.

25.3.2.5. Manager Widgets

class tkinter.tix.PanedWindow

The PanedWindow widget allows the user to interactively manipulate the sizes of several panes. The panes can be arranged either vertically or horizontally. The user changes the sizes of the panes by dragging the resize handle between two panes.

class tkinter.tix.ListNoteBook

The ListNoteBook widget is very similar to the TixNoteBook widget: it can be used to display many windows in a limited space using a notebook metaphor. The notebook is divided into a stack of pages (windows). At one time only one of these pages can be shown. The user can navigate through these pages by choosing the name of the desired page in the hlist subwidget.

class tkinter.tix.NoteBook

The NoteBook widget can be used to display many windows in a limited space using a notebook metaphor. The notebook is divided into a stack of pages. At one time only one of these pages can be shown. The user can navigate through these pages by choosing the visual “tabs” at the top of the NoteBook widget.

25.3.2.6. Image Types

The tkinter.tix module adds:

• pixmap capabilities to all tkinter.tix and tkinter widgets to create color images from XPM files.

• Compound image types can be used to create images that consists of multiple horizontal lines; each line is composed of a series of items (texts, bitmaps, images or spaces) arranged from left to right. For example, a compound image can be used to display a bitmap and a text string simultaneously in a Tk Button widget.

25.3.2.7. Miscellaneous Widgets

class tkinter.tix.InputOnly

The InputOnly widgets are to accept inputs from the user, which can be done with the bind command (Unix only).

25.3.2.8. Form Geometry Manager

In addition, tkinter.tix augments tkinter by providing:

class tkinter.tix.Form

The Form geometry manager based on attachment rules for all Tk widgets.

25.3.3. Tix Commands

class tkinter.tix.tixCommand

The tix commands provide access to miscellaneous elements of Tix’s internal state and the Tix application context. Most of the information manipulated by these methods pertains to the application as a whole, or to a screen or display, rather than to a particular window.

To view the current settings, the common usage is:

from tkinter import tix
root = tix.Tk()
print(root.tix_configure())

tixCommand.tix_configure(cnf=None, **kw)

Query or modify the configuration options of the Tix application context. If no option is specified, returns a dictionary all of the available options. If option is specified with no value, then the method returns a list describing the one named option (this list will be identical to the corresponding sublist of the value returned if no option is specified). If one or more option-value pairs are specified, then the method modifies the given option(s) to have the given value(s); in this case the method returns an empty string. Option may be any of the configuration options.

tixCommand.tix_cget(option)

Returns the current value of the configuration option given by option. Option may be any of the configuration options.

tixCommand.tix_getbitmap(name)

Locates a bitmap file of the name name.xpm or name in one of the bitmap directories (see the tix_addbitmapdir() method). By using tix_getbitmap(), you can avoid hard coding the pathnames of the bitmap files in your application. When successful, it returns the complete pathname of the bitmap file, prefixed with the character @. The returned value can be used to configure the bitmap option of the Tk and Tix widgets.

tixCommand.tix_addbitmapdir(directory)

Tix maintains a list of directories under which the tix_getimage() and tix_getbitmap() methods will search for image files. The standard bitmap directory is $TIX_LIBRARY/bitmaps. The tix_addbitmapdir() method adds directory into this list. By using this method, the image files of an applications can also be located using the tix_getimage() or tix_getbitmap() method.

tixCommand.tix_filedialog([dlgclass])

Returns the file selection dialog that may be shared among different calls from this application. This method will create a file selection dialog widget when it is called the first time. This dialog will be returned by all subsequent calls to tix_filedialog(). An optional dlgclass parameter can be passed as a string to specified what type of file selection dialog widget is desired. Possible options are tix, FileSelectDialog or tixExFileSelectDialog.

tixCommand.tix_getimage(self, name)

Locates an image file of the name name.xpm, name.xbm or name.ppm in one of the bitmap directories (see the tix_addbitmapdir() method above). If more than one file with the same name (but different extensions) exist, then the image type is chosen according to the depth of the X display: xbm images are chosen on monochrome displays and color images are chosen on color displays. By using tix_getimage(), you can avoid hard coding the pathnames of the image files in your application. When successful, this method returns the name of the newly created image, which can be used to configure the image option of the Tk and Tix widgets.

tixCommand.tix_option_get(name)

Gets the options maintained by the Tix scheme mechanism.

tixCommand.tix_resetoptions(newScheme, newFontSet[, newScmPrio])

Resets the scheme and fontset of the Tix application to newScheme and newFontSet, respectively. This affects only those widgets created after this call. Therefore, it is best to call the resetoptions method before the creation of any widgets in a Tix application.

The optional parameter newScmPrio can be given to reset the priority level of the Tk options set by the Tix schemes.

Because of the way Tk handles the X option database, after Tix has been has imported and inited, it is not possible to reset the color schemes and font sets using the tix_config() method. Instead, the tix_resetoptions() method must be used.