胶囊
****

有关使用这些对象的更多信息请参阅 给扩展模块提供C API。

3.1 新版功能.

PyCapsule

   这个 "PyObject" 的子类型代表着一个任意值，当需要通过 Python 代码将
   任意值（以 "void*" 指针的形式）从 C 扩展模块传递给其他 C 代码时非常
   有用。它通常用于将指向一个模块中定义的 C 语言函数指针传递给其他模块
   ，以便可以从那里调用它们。这允许通过正常的模块导入机制访问动态加载
   的模块中的 C API。

PyCapsule_Destructor

   这种类型的一个析构器返回一个胶囊，定义如下：

      typedef void (*PyCapsule_Destructor)(PyObject *);

   参阅 "PyCapsule_New()" 来获取 PyCapsule_Destructor 返回值的语义。

int PyCapsule_CheckExact(PyObject *p)

   如果参数是一个 "PyCapsule" 则返回 True

PyObject* PyCapsule_New(void *pointer, const char *name, PyCapsule_Destructor destructor)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   创建一个 "PyCapsule" 来封装 *pointer* ， *pointer* 参数可能不是
   *NULL* 。

   如果失败，则设置异常并返回 *NULL*。

   字符串字符串 *name* 可以是 *NULL* 或指向 一个有效的 C 字符串。如果
   值为非 *NULL* ，这个字符串必须比胶囊长。（即使它可以释放里面的
   *destructor* 。）

   如果 *destructor* 参数不是 *NULL* ，那么当它被销毁时，它就被胶囊当
   作参数调用。

   If this capsule will be stored as an attribute of a module, the
   *name* should be specified as "modulename.attributename".  This
   will enable other modules to import the capsule using
   "PyCapsule_Import()".

void* PyCapsule_GetPointer(PyObject *capsule, const char *name)

   Retrieve the *pointer* stored in the capsule.  On failure, set an
   exception and return *NULL*.

   The *name* parameter must compare exactly to the name stored in the
   capsule. If the name stored in the capsule is *NULL*, the *name*
   passed in must also be *NULL*.  Python uses the C function
   "strcmp()" to compare capsule names.

PyCapsule_Destructor PyCapsule_GetDestructor(PyObject *capsule)

   Return the current destructor stored in the capsule.  On failure,
   set an exception and return *NULL*.

   It is legal for a capsule to have a *NULL* destructor.  This makes
   a *NULL* return code somewhat ambiguous; use "PyCapsule_IsValid()"
   or "PyErr_Occurred()" to disambiguate.

void* PyCapsule_GetContext(PyObject *capsule)

   Return the current context stored in the capsule.  On failure, set
   an exception and return *NULL*.

   It is legal for a capsule to have a *NULL* context.  This makes a
   *NULL* return code somewhat ambiguous; use "PyCapsule_IsValid()" or
   "PyErr_Occurred()" to disambiguate.

const char* PyCapsule_GetName(PyObject *capsule)

   Return the current name stored in the capsule.  On failure, set an
   exception and return *NULL*.

   It is legal for a capsule to have a *NULL* name.  This makes a
   *NULL* return code somewhat ambiguous; use "PyCapsule_IsValid()" or
   "PyErr_Occurred()" to disambiguate.

void* PyCapsule_Import(const char *name, int no_block)

   Import a pointer to a C object from a capsule attribute in a
   module.  The *name* parameter should specify the full name to the
   attribute, as in "module.attribute".  The *name* stored in the
   capsule must match this string exactly.  If *no_block* is true,
   import the module without blocking (using
   "PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock()").  If *no_block* is false, import
   the module conventionally (using "PyImport_ImportModule()").

   Return the capsule's internal *pointer* on success.  On failure,
   set an exception and return *NULL*.

int PyCapsule_IsValid(PyObject *capsule, const char *name)

   Determines whether or not *capsule* is a valid capsule.  A valid
   capsule is non-*NULL*, passes "PyCapsule_CheckExact()", has a
   non-*NULL* pointer stored in it, and its internal name matches the
   *name* parameter.  (See "PyCapsule_GetPointer()" for information on
   how capsule names are compared.)

   In other words, if "PyCapsule_IsValid()" returns a true value,
   calls to any of the accessors (any function starting with
   "PyCapsule_Get()") are guaranteed to succeed.

   Return a nonzero value if the object is valid and matches the name
   passed in. Return "0" otherwise.  This function will not fail.

int PyCapsule_SetContext(PyObject *capsule, void *context)

   Set the context pointer inside *capsule* to *context*.

   Return "0" on success.  Return nonzero and set an exception on
   failure.

int PyCapsule_SetDestructor(PyObject *capsule, PyCapsule_Destructor destructor)

   Set the destructor inside *capsule* to *destructor*.

   Return "0" on success.  Return nonzero and set an exception on
   failure.

int PyCapsule_SetName(PyObject *capsule, const char *name)

   Set the name inside *capsule* to *name*.  If non-*NULL*, the name
   must outlive the capsule.  If the previous *name* stored in the
   capsule was not *NULL*, no attempt is made to free it.

   Return "0" on success.  Return nonzero and set an exception on
   failure.

int PyCapsule_SetPointer(PyObject *capsule, void *pointer)

   Set the void pointer inside *capsule* to *pointer*.  The pointer
   may not be *NULL*.

   Return "0" on success.  Return nonzero and set an exception on
   failure.
