Python 语言参考
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本参考手册描述了 Python 的语法和“核心语义”。本参考是简洁的，但试图做到
准确和完整。 非必要的内建对象类型和内建函数、模块的语义描述在 Python
标准库 中。有关该语言的非正式介绍，请参阅 Python教程 。对 C 或 C++ 程
序员，还有两个额外的手册： Extending and Embedding the Python
Interpreter 概述了如何编写一个 Python 扩展模块，Python/C API 参考手册
详细介绍了 C/C++ 中可用的接口。

* 1. 概述

  * 1.1. 其他实现

  * 1.2. 标注

* 2. 词法分析

  * 2.1. 行结构

  * 2.2. 其他形符

  * 2.3. 标识符和关键字

  * 2.4. 字面值

  * 2.5. 运算符

  * 2.6. 分隔符

* 3. 数据类型

  * 3.1. 对象、值与类型

  * 3.2. 标准类型等级结构

  * 3.3. Special method names

  * 3.4. 协程

* 4. Execution model

  * 4.1. Structure of a program

  * 4.2. Naming and binding

  * 4.3. 异常

* 5. The import system

  * 5.1. "importlib"

  * 5.2. 包

  * 5.3. Searching

  * 5.4. Loading

  * 5.5. The Path Based Finder

  * 5.6. Replacing the standard import system

  * 5.7. Special considerations for __main__

  * 5.8. Open issues

  * 5.9. References

* 6. 表达式

  * 6.1. Arithmetic conversions

  * 6.2. Atoms

  * 6.3. Primaries

  * 6.4. Await expression

  * 6.5. The power operator

  * 6.6. Unary arithmetic and bitwise operations

  * 6.7. Binary arithmetic operations

  * 6.8. Shifting operations

  * 6.9. Binary bitwise operations

  * 6.10. Comparisons

  * 6.11. Boolean operations

  * 6.12. Conditional expressions

  * 6.13. Lambdas

  * 6.14. Expression lists

  * 6.15. Evaluation order

  * 6.16. Operator precedence

* 7. Simple statements

  * 7.1. Expression statements

  * 7.2. Assignment statements

  * 7.3. The "assert" statement

  * 7.4. The "pass" statement

  * 7.5. "del" 语句

  * 7.6. The "return" statement

  * 7.7. The "yield" statement

  * 7.8. The "raise" statement

  * 7.9. The "break" statement

  * 7.10. The "continue" statement

  * 7.11. The "import" statement

  * 7.12. The "global" statement

  * 7.13. The "nonlocal" statement

* 8. Compound statements

  * 8.1. The "if" statement

  * 8.2. The "while" statement

  * 8.3. The "for" statement

  * 8.4. The "try" statement

  * 8.5. The "with" statement

  * 8.6. Function definitions

  * 8.7. Class definitions

  * 8.8. 协程

* 9. Top-level components

  * 9.1. Complete Python programs

  * 9.2. File input

  * 9.3. Interactive input

  * 9.4. Expression input

* 10. 完整的语法规范
