21.11. http
— HTTP 模块¶
源代码: Lib/http/__init__.py
http
是一个包,它收集了多个用于处理超文本传输协议的模块:
http.client
是一个低层级的 HTTP 协议客户端;对于高层级的 URL 访问请使用urllib.request
http.server
包含基于socketserver
的基本 HTTP 服务类http.cookies
包含一些有用来实现通过 cookies 进行状态管理的工具http.cookiejar
提供了 cookies 的持久化
http
也是一个通过 http.HTTPStatus
枚举定义了一些 HTTP 状态码以及相关联消息的模块
-
class
http.
HTTPStatus
¶ 3.5 新版功能.
enum.IntEnum
的子类,它定义了组 HTTP 状态码,原理短语以及用英语书写的长描述文本。用法:
>>> from http import HTTPStatus >>> HTTPStatus.OK <HTTPStatus.OK: 200> >>> HTTPStatus.OK == 200 True >>> http.HTTPStatus.OK.value 200 >>> HTTPStatus.OK.phrase 'OK' >>> HTTPStatus.OK.description 'Request fulfilled, document follows' >>> list(HTTPStatus) [<HTTPStatus.CONTINUE: 100>, <HTTPStatus.SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS: 101>, ...]
21.11.1. HTTP 状态码¶
已支持并且已在 http.HTTPStatus
IANA 注册 的状态码有:
双字母代码 | 映射名 | 详情 |
---|---|---|
100 |
CONTINUE :继续 |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.2.1 |
101 |
SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.2.2 |
102 |
PROCESSING |
WebDAV RFC 2518, Section 10.1 |
200 |
OK |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.3.1 |
201 |
CREATED |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.3.2 |
202 |
ACCEPTED |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.3.3 |
203 |
NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.3.4 |
204 |
NO_CONTENT : 没有内容 |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.3.5 |
205 |
RESET_CONTENT |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.3.6 |
206 |
PARTIAL_CONTENT |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7233, Section 4.1 |
207 |
MULTI_STATUS |
WebDAV RFC 4918, Section 11.1 |
208 |
ALREADY_REPORTED |
WebDAV Binding Extensions RFC 5842, Section 7.1 (Experimental) |
226 |
IM_USED |
Delta Encoding in HTTP RFC 3229, Section 10.4.1 |
300 |
MULTIPLE_CHOICES :有多种资源可选择 |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.4.1 |
301 |
MOVED_PERMANENTLY :永久移动 |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.4.2 |
302 |
FOUND :临时移动 |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.4.3 |
303 |
SEE_OTHER :已经移动 |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.4.4 |
304 |
NOT_MODIFIED :没有修改 |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7232, Section 4.1 |
305 |
USE_PROXY :使用代理 |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.4.5 |
307 |
TEMPORARY_REDIRECT :临时重定向 |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.4.7 |
308 |
PERMANENT_REDIRECT :永久重定向 |
Permanent Redirect RFC 7238, Section 3 (Experimental) |
400 |
BAD_REQUEST :错误请求 |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.1 |
401 |
UNAUTHORIZED :未授权 |
HTTP/1.1 Authentication RFC 7235, Section 3.1 |
402 |
PAYMENT_REQUIRED :保留,将来使用 |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.2 |
403 |
FORBIDDEN :禁止 |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.3 |
404 |
NOT_FOUND :没有找到 |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.4 |
405 |
METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED :该请求方法不允许 |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.5 |
406 |
NOT_ACCEPTABLE :不可接受 |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.6 |
407 |
PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED :要求使用代理验明正身 |
HTTP/1.1 Authentication RFC 7235, Section 3.2 |
408 |
REQUEST_TIMEOUT :请求超时 |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.7 |
409 |
CONFLICT :冲突 |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.8 |
410 |
GONE :已经不在了 |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.9 |
411 |
LENGTH_REQUIRED :长度要求 |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.10 |
412 |
PRECONDITION_FAILED :前提条件错误 |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7232, Section 4.2 |
413 |
REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE :请求体太大了 |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.11 |
414 |
REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG :请求URI太长了 |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.12 |
415 |
UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE :不支持的媒体格式 |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.13 |
416 |
REQUEST_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE |
HTTP/1.1 Range Requests RFC 7233, Section 4.4 |
417 |
EXPECTATION_FAILED :期望失败 |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.14 |
422 |
UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY :可加工实体 |
WebDAV RFC 4918, Section 11.2 |
423 |
LOCKED :锁着 |
WebDAV RFC 4918, Section 11.3 |
424 |
FAILED_DEPENDENCY :失败的依赖 |
WebDAV RFC 4918, Section 11.4 |
426 |
UPGRADE_REQUIRED :升级需要 |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.15 |
428 |
PRECONDITION_REQUIRED :先决条件要求 |
Additional HTTP Status Codes RFC 6585 |
429 |
TOO_MANY_REQUESTS :太多的请求 |
Additional HTTP Status Codes RFC 6585 |
431 |
REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE :请求头太大 |
Additional HTTP Status Codes RFC 6585 |
500 |
INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR :内部服务错误 |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.6.1 |
501 |
NOT_IMPLEMENTED :不可执行 |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.6.2 |
502 |
BAD_GATEWAY :无效网关 |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.6.3 |
503 |
SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE :服务不可用 |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.6.4 |
504 |
GATEWAY_TIMEOUT :网关超时 |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.6.5 |
505 |
HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED :HTTP版本不支持 |
HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.6.6 |
506 |
VARIANT_ALSO_NEGOTIATES :服务器存在内部配置错误 |
透明内容协商在: HTTP RFC 2295, Section 8.1 (实验性的) |
507 |
INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE :存储不足 |
WebDAV RFC 4918, Section 11.5 |
508 |
LOOP_DETECTED :循环检测 |
WebDAV Binding Extensions RFC 5842, Section 7.2 (Experimental) |
510 |
NOT_EXTENDED :不扩展 |
An HTTP Extension Framework RFC 2774, Section 7 (Experimental) |
511 |
NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED :要求网络身份验证 |
Additional HTTP Status Codes RFC 6585, Section 6 |
为了保持向后兼容性,枚举值也以常量形式出现在 http.client
模块中,。 枚举名等于常量名 (例如 http.HTTPStatus.OK
也可以是 http.client.OK
)。