18.5.7. Synchronization primitives

Locks:

Semaphores:

asyncio lock API was designed to be close to classes of the threading module (Lock, Event, Condition, Semaphore, BoundedSemaphore), but it has no timeout parameter. The asyncio.wait_for() function can be used to cancel a task after a timeout.

18.5.7.1. Locks

18.5.7.1.1. Lock

class asyncio.Lock(*, loop=None)

Primitive lock objects.

A primitive lock is a synchronization primitive that is not owned by a particular coroutine when locked. A primitive lock is in one of two states, ‘locked’ or ‘unlocked’.

It is created in the unlocked state. It has two basic methods, acquire() and release(). When the state is unlocked, acquire() changes the state to locked and returns immediately. When the state is locked, acquire() blocks until a call to release() in another coroutine changes it to unlocked, then the acquire() call resets it to locked and returns. The release() method should only be called in the locked state; it changes the state to unlocked and returns immediately. If an attempt is made to release an unlocked lock, a RuntimeError will be raised.

When more than one coroutine is blocked in acquire() waiting for the state to turn to unlocked, only one coroutine proceeds when a release() call resets the state to unlocked; first coroutine which is blocked in acquire() is being processed.

acquire() is a coroutine and should be called with yield from.

Locks also support the context management protocol. (yield from lock) should be used as the context manager expression.

This class is not thread safe.

Usage:

lock = Lock()
...
yield from lock
try:
    ...
finally:
    lock.release()

Context manager usage:

lock = Lock()
...
with (yield from lock):
    ...

Lock objects can be tested for locking state:

if not lock.locked():
    yield from lock
else:
    # lock is acquired
    ...
locked()

Return True if the lock is acquired.

coroutine acquire()

Acquire a lock.

This method blocks until the lock is unlocked, then sets it to locked and returns True.

This method is a coroutine.

release()

Release a lock.

When the lock is locked, reset it to unlocked, and return. If any other coroutines are blocked waiting for the lock to become unlocked, allow exactly one of them to proceed.

在未锁定的锁调用时，会引发 RuntimeError 异常。

There is no return value.

18.5.7.1.2. Event

class asyncio.Event(*, loop=None)

An Event implementation, asynchronous equivalent to threading.Event.

Class implementing event objects. An event manages a flag that can be set to true with the set() method and reset to false with the clear() method. The wait() method blocks until the flag is true. The flag is initially false.

This class is not thread safe.

clear()

Reset the internal flag to false. Subsequently, coroutines calling wait() will block until set() is called to set the internal flag to true again.

is_set()

Return True if and only if the internal flag is true.

set()

Set the internal flag to true. All coroutines waiting for it to become true are awakened. Coroutine that call wait() once the flag is true will not block at all.

coroutine wait()

Block until the internal flag is true.

If the internal flag is true on entry, return True immediately. Otherwise, block until another coroutine calls set() to set the flag to true, then return True.

This method is a coroutine.

18.5.7.1.3. Condition

class asyncio.Condition(lock=None, *, loop=None)

A Condition implementation, asynchronous equivalent to threading.Condition.

This class implements condition variable objects. A condition variable allows one or more coroutines to wait until they are notified by another coroutine.

If the lock argument is given and not None, it must be a Lock object, and it is used as the underlying lock. Otherwise, a new Lock object is created and used as the underlying lock.

This class is not thread safe.

coroutine acquire()

获取下层的锁。

This method blocks until the lock is unlocked, then sets it to locked and returns True.

This method is a coroutine.

notify(n=1)

By default, wake up one coroutine waiting on this condition, if any. If the calling coroutine has not acquired the lock when this method is called, a RuntimeError is raised.

This method wakes up at most n of the coroutines waiting for the condition variable; it is a no-op if no coroutines are waiting.

注解

An awakened coroutine does not actually return from its wait() call until it can reacquire the lock. Since notify() does not release the lock, its caller should.

locked()

如果下层的锁已被获取则返回 True。

notify_all()

Wake up all coroutines waiting on this condition. This method acts like notify(), but wakes up all waiting coroutines instead of one. If the calling coroutine has not acquired the lock when this method is called, a RuntimeError is raised.

release()

释放下层的锁。

When the lock is locked, reset it to unlocked, and return. If any other coroutines are blocked waiting for the lock to become unlocked, allow exactly one of them to proceed.

在未锁定的锁调用时，会引发 RuntimeError 异常。

There is no return value.

coroutine wait()

等待直至收到通知。

If the calling coroutine has not acquired the lock when this method is called, a RuntimeError is raised.

This method releases the underlying lock, and then blocks until it is awakened by a notify() or notify_all() call for the same condition variable in another coroutine. Once awakened, it re-acquires the lock and returns True.

This method is a coroutine.

coroutine wait_for(predicate)

Wait until a predicate becomes true.

The predicate should be a callable which result will be interpreted as a boolean value. The final predicate value is the return value.

This method is a coroutine.

18.5.7.2. Semaphores

18.5.7.2.1. Semaphore

class asyncio.Semaphore(value=1, *, loop=None)

A Semaphore implementation.

A semaphore manages an internal counter which is decremented by each acquire() call and incremented by each release() call. The counter can never go below zero; when acquire() finds that it is zero, it blocks, waiting until some other coroutine calls release().

Semaphores also support the context management protocol.

The optional argument gives the initial value for the internal counter; it defaults to 1. If the value given is less than 0, ValueError is raised.

This class is not thread safe.

coroutine acquire()

获取一个信号量。

If the internal counter is larger than zero on entry, decrement it by one and return True immediately. If it is zero on entry, block, waiting until some other coroutine has called release() to make it larger than 0, and then return True.

This method is a coroutine.

locked()

如果信号量对象无法被立即获取则返回 True。

release()

Release a semaphore, incrementing the internal counter by one. When it was zero on entry and another coroutine is waiting for it to become larger than zero again, wake up that coroutine.

18.5.7.2.2. BoundedSemaphore

class asyncio.BoundedSemaphore(value=1, *, loop=None)

A bounded semaphore implementation. Inherit from Semaphore.

This raises ValueError in release() if it would increase the value above the initial value.