文件和目录访问¶
本章中描述的模块处理磁盘文件和目录。 例如,有一些模块用于读取文件的属性,以可移植的方式操作路径以及创建临时文件。 本章的完整模块列表如下:
pathlib
--- 面向对象的文件系统路径os.path
--- 常用的路径操作abspath()
basename()
commonpath()
commonprefix()
dirname()
exists()
lexists()
expanduser()
expandvars()
getatime()
getmtime()
getctime()
getsize()
isabs()
isfile()
isdir()
isjunction()
islink()
ismount()
isdevdrive()
isreserved()
join()
normcase()
normpath()
realpath()
relpath()
samefile()
sameopenfile()
samestat()
split()
splitdrive()
splitroot()
splitext()
supports_unicode_filenames
stat
--- 解释stat()
的结果S_ISDIR()
S_ISCHR()
S_ISBLK()
S_ISREG()
S_ISFIFO()
S_ISLNK()
S_ISSOCK()
S_ISDOOR()
S_ISPORT()
S_ISWHT()
S_IMODE()
S_IFMT()
filemode()
ST_MODE
ST_INO
ST_DEV
ST_NLINK
ST_UID
ST_GID
ST_SIZE
ST_ATIME
ST_MTIME
ST_CTIME
S_IFSOCK
S_IFLNK
S_IFREG
S_IFBLK
S_IFDIR
S_IFCHR
S_IFIFO
S_IFDOOR
S_IFPORT
S_IFWHT
S_ISUID
S_ISGID
S_ISVTX
S_IRWXU
S_IRUSR
S_IWUSR
S_IXUSR
S_IRWXG
S_IRGRP
S_IWGRP
S_IXGRP
S_IRWXO
S_IROTH
S_IWOTH
S_IXOTH
S_ENFMT
S_IREAD
S_IWRITE
S_IEXEC
UF_SETTABLE
UF_NODUMP
UF_IMMUTABLE
UF_APPEND
UF_OPAQUE
UF_NOUNLINK
UF_COMPRESSED
UF_TRACKED
UF_DATAVAULT
UF_HIDDEN
SF_SETTABLE
SF_SUPPORTED
SF_SYNTHETIC
SF_ARCHIVED
SF_IMMUTABLE
SF_APPEND
SF_RESTRICTED
SF_NOUNLINK
SF_SNAPSHOT
SF_FIRMLINK
SF_DATALESS
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_INTEGRITY_STREAM
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SCRUB_DATA
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_OFFLINE
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_VIRTUAL
IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK
IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT
IO_REPARSE_TAG_APPEXECLINK
filecmp
--- 文件和目录比较tempfile
--- 生成临时文件和目录glob
--- Unix 风格的路径名模式扩展fnmatch
--- Unix 文件名模式匹配linecache
--- 随机访问文本行shutil
--- 高层级文件操作