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# 8.16. `new` — Creation of runtime internal objects

2.6 版后已移除: The `new` module has been removed in Python 3. Use the `types` module’s classes instead.

The `new` module allows an interface to the interpreter object creation functions. This is for use primarily in marshal-type functions, when a new object needs to be created “magically” and not by using the regular creation functions. This module provides a low-level interface to the interpreter, so care must be exercised when using this module. It is possible to supply non-sensical arguments which crash the interpreter when the object is used.

The `new` module defines the following functions:

`new.``instance`(class[, dict])

  This function creates an instance of class with dictionary dict without calling the `__init__()` constructor. If dict is omitted or `None`, a new, empty dictionary is created for the new instance. Note that there are no guarantees that the object will be in a consistent state.

`new.``instancemethod`(function, instance, class)

  This function will return a method object, bound to instance, or unbound if instance is `None`. function must be callable.

`new.``function`(code, globals[, name[, argdefs[, closure]]])

  Returns a (Python) function with the given code and globals. If name is given, it must be a string or `None`. If it is a string, the function will have the given name, otherwise the function name will be taken from `code.co_name`. If argdefs is given, it must be a tuple and will be used to determine the default values of parameters. If closure is given, it must be `None` or a tuple of cell objects containing objects to bind to the names in `code.co_freevars`.

`new.``code`(argcount, nlocals, stacksize, flags, codestring, constants, names, varnames, filename, name, firstlineno, lnotab)

  This function is an interface to the `PyCode_New()` C function.

`new.``module`(name[, doc])

  This function returns a new module object with name name. name must be a string. The optional doc argument can have any type.

`new.``classobj`(name, baseclasses, dict)

  This function returns a new class object, with name name, derived from baseclasses (which should be a tuple of classes) and with namespace dict.