:mod:`fnmatch` --- Unix filename pattern matching ================================================= .. module:: fnmatch :synopsis: Unix shell style filename pattern matching. .. index:: single: filenames; wildcard expansion .. index:: module: re **Source code:** :source:`Lib/fnmatch.py` -------------- This module provides support for Unix shell-style wildcards, which are *not* the same as regular expressions (which are documented in the :mod:`re` module). The special characters used in shell-style wildcards are: +------------+------------------------------------+ | Pattern | Meaning | +============+====================================+ | ``*`` | matches everything | +------------+------------------------------------+ | ``?`` | matches any single character | +------------+------------------------------------+ | ``[seq]`` | matches any character in *seq* | +------------+------------------------------------+ | ``[!seq]`` | matches any character not in *seq* | +------------+------------------------------------+ For a literal match, wrap the meta-characters in brackets. For example, ``'[?]'`` matches the character ``'?'``. .. index:: module: glob Note that the filename separator (``'/'`` on Unix) is *not* special to this module. See module :mod:`glob` for pathname expansion (:mod:`glob` uses :func:`.filter` to match pathname segments). Similarly, filenames starting with a period are not special for this module, and are matched by the ``*`` and ``?`` patterns. .. function:: fnmatch(filename, pattern) Test whether the *filename* string matches the *pattern* string, returning :const:`True` or :const:`False`. Both parameters are case-normalized using :func:`os.path.normcase`. :func:`fnmatchcase` can be used to perform a case-sensitive comparison, regardless of whether that's standard for the operating system. This example will print all file names in the current directory with the extension ``.txt``:: import fnmatch import os for file in os.listdir('.'): if fnmatch.fnmatch(file, '*.txt'): print file .. function:: fnmatchcase(filename, pattern) Test whether *filename* matches *pattern*, returning :const:`True` or :const:`False`; the comparison is case-sensitive and does not apply :func:`os.path.normcase`. .. function:: filter(names, pattern) Return the subset of the list of *names* that match *pattern*. It is the same as ``[n for n in names if fnmatch(n, pattern)]``, but implemented more efficiently. .. versionadded:: 2.2 .. function:: translate(pattern) Return the shell-style *pattern* converted to a regular expression for using with :func:`re.match`. Example: >>> import fnmatch, re >>> >>> regex = fnmatch.translate('*.txt') >>> regex '.*\\.txt\\Z(?ms)' >>> reobj = re.compile(regex) >>> reobj.match('foobar.txt') <_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x...> .. seealso:: Module :mod:`glob` Unix shell-style path expansion.