24. Tk图形用户界面(GUI)
***********************

Tk/Tcl has long been an integral part of Python.  It provides a robust
and platform independent windowing toolkit, that is available to
Python programmers using the "Tkinter" module, and its extensions, the
"Tix" and the "ttk" modules.

The "Tkinter" module is a thin object-oriented layer on top of Tcl/Tk.
To use "Tkinter", you don’t need to write Tcl code, but you will need
to consult the Tk documentation, and occasionally the Tcl
documentation. "Tkinter" is a set of wrappers that implement the Tk
widgets as Python classes.  In addition, the internal module
"_tkinter" provides a threadsafe mechanism which allows Python and Tcl
to interact.

"Tkinter"’s chief virtues are that it is fast, and that it usually
comes bundled with Python. Although its standard documentation is
weak, good material is available, which includes: references,
tutorials, a book and others. "Tkinter" is also famous for having an
outdated look and feel, which has been vastly improved in Tk 8.5.
Nevertheless, there are many other GUI libraries that you could be
interested in. For more information about alternatives, see the 其他图
形用户界面（GUI）包 section.

* 24.1. "Tkinter" — Python interface to Tcl/Tk

  * 24.1.1. Tkinter 模块

  * 24.1.2. Tkinter Life Preserver

    * 24.1.2.1. How To Use This Section

    * 24.1.2.2. A Simple Hello World Program

  * 24.1.3. A (Very) Quick Look at Tcl/Tk

  * 24.1.4. Mapping Basic Tk into Tkinter

  * 24.1.5. How Tk and Tkinter are Related

  * 24.1.6. Handy Reference

    * 24.1.6.1. Setting Options

    * 24.1.6.2. The Packer

    * 24.1.6.3. Packer Options

    * 24.1.6.4. Coupling Widget Variables

    * 24.1.6.5. The Window Manager

    * 24.1.6.6. Tk Option Data Types

    * 24.1.6.7. Bindings and Events

    * 24.1.6.8. The index Parameter

    * 24.1.6.9. Images

  * 24.1.7. File Handlers

* 24.2. "ttk" — Tk themed widgets

  * 24.2.1. Using Ttk

  * 24.2.2. Ttk Widgets

  * 24.2.3. Widget

    * 24.2.3.1. Standard Options

    * 24.2.3.2. Scrollable Widget Options

    * 24.2.3.3. Label Options

    * 24.2.3.4. Compatibility Options

    * 24.2.3.5. Widget States

    * 24.2.3.6. ttk.Widget

  * 24.2.4. Combobox

    * 24.2.4.1. Options

    * 24.2.4.2. Virtual events

    * 24.2.4.3. ttk.Combobox

  * 24.2.5. Notebook

    * 24.2.5.1. Options

    * 24.2.5.2. Tab Options

    * 24.2.5.3. Tab Identifiers

    * 24.2.5.4. Virtual Events

    * 24.2.5.5. ttk.Notebook

  * 24.2.6. Progressbar

    * 24.2.6.1. Options

    * 24.2.6.2. ttk.Progressbar

  * 24.2.7. Separator

    * 24.2.7.1. Options

  * 24.2.8. Sizegrip

    * 24.2.8.1. Platform-specific notes

    * 24.2.8.2. Bugs

  * 24.2.9. Treeview

    * 24.2.9.1. Options

    * 24.2.9.2. Item Options

    * 24.2.9.3. Tag Options

    * 24.2.9.4. Column Identifiers

    * 24.2.9.5. Virtual Events

    * 24.2.9.6. ttk.Treeview

  * 24.2.10. Ttk Styling

    * 24.2.10.1. Layouts

* 24.3. "Tix" — Extension widgets for Tk

  * 24.3.1. Using Tix

  * 24.3.2. Tix Widgets

    * 24.3.2.1. Basic Widgets

    * 24.3.2.2. File Selectors

    * 24.3.2.3. Hierarchical ListBox

    * 24.3.2.4. Tabular ListBox

    * 24.3.2.5. Manager Widgets

    * 24.3.2.6. Image Types

    * 24.3.2.7. Miscellaneous Widgets

    * 24.3.2.8. Form Geometry Manager

  * 24.3.3. Tix Commands

* 24.4. "ScrolledText" — Scrolled Text Widget

* 24.5. "turtle" — Turtle graphics for Tk

  * 24.5.1. 概述

  * 24.5.2. Overview over available Turtle and Screen methods

    * 24.5.2.1. Turtle 方法

    * 24.5.2.2. TurtleScreen/Screen 方法

  * 24.5.3. RawTurtle/Turtle 方法和对应函数

    * 24.5.3.1. 海龟动作

    * 24.5.3.2. 获取海龟的状态

    * 24.5.3.3. 度量单位设置

    * 24.5.3.4. 画笔控制

      * 24.5.3.4.1. 绘图状态

      * 24.5.3.4.2. 颜色控制

      * 24.5.3.4.3. 填充

      * 24.5.3.4.4. 更多绘图控制

    * 24.5.3.5. 海龟状态

      * 24.5.3.5.1. 可见性

      * 24.5.3.5.2. 外观

    * 24.5.3.6. 使用事件

    * 24.5.3.7. 特殊海龟方法

    * 24.5.3.8. Excursus about the use of compound shapes

  * 24.5.4. TurtleScreen/Screen 方法及对应函数

    * 24.5.4.1. 窗口控制

    * 24.5.4.2. 动画控制

    * 24.5.4.3. 使用屏幕事件

    * 24.5.4.4. 设置与特殊方法

    * 24.5.4.5. Screen 专有方法, 而非继承自 TurtleScreen

  * 24.5.5. The public classes of the module "turtle"

  * 24.5.6. 帮助与配置

    * 24.5.6.1. 如何使用帮助

    * 24.5.6.2. 文档字符串翻译为不同的语言

    * 24.5.6.3. 如何配置 Screen 和 Turtle

  * 24.5.7. Demo scripts

* 24.6. IDLE

  * 24.6.1. 目录

    * 24.6.1.1. 文件目录 （命令行和编辑器）

    * 24.6.1.2. 编辑目录（命令行和编辑器）

    * 24.6.1.3. Format menu (Editor window only)

    * 24.6.1.4. Run menu (Editor window only)

    * 24.6.1.5. Shell menu (Shell window only)

    * 24.6.1.6. Debug menu (Shell window only)

    * 24.6.1.7. Options menu (Shell and Editor)

    * 24.6.1.8. Window menu (Shell and Editor)

    * 24.6.1.9. Help menu (Shell and Editor)

    * 24.6.1.10. Context Menus

  * 24.6.2. Editing and navigation

    * 24.6.2.1. Automatic indentation

    * 24.6.2.2. Completions

    * 24.6.2.3. Calltips

    * 24.6.2.4. Python Shell window

    * 24.6.2.5. Text colors

  * 24.6.3. Startup and code execution

    * 24.6.3.1. Command line usage

    * 24.6.3.2. IDLE-console differences

    * 24.6.3.3. Running without a subprocess

  * 24.6.4. Help and preferences

    * 24.6.4.1. Additional help sources

    * 24.6.4.2. Setting preferences

    * 24.6.4.3. Extensions

* 24.7. 其他图形用户界面（GUI）包
