msvcrt — Useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime¶
These functions provide access to some useful capabilities on Windows platforms.
Some higher-level modules use these functions to build the Windows
implementations of their services. For example, the getpass module uses
this in the implementation of the getpass() function.
Додаткову документацію щодо цих функцій можна знайти в документації API платформи.
Модуль реалізує як звичайний, так і широкий варіанти char API консолі вводу-виводу. Звичайний API працює лише з символами ASCII і обмежено використовується для інтернаціоналізованих програм. Широкий char API слід використовувати, де це можливо.
Змінено в версії 3.3: Операції в цьому модулі тепер викликають OSError там, де було викликано IOError.
Операції з файлами¶
- msvcrt.locking(fd, mode, nbytes)¶
Lock part of a file based on file descriptor fd from the C runtime. Raises
OSErroron failure. The locked region of the file extends from the current file position for nbytes bytes, and may continue beyond the end of the file. mode must be one of theLK_*constants listed below. Multiple regions in a file may be locked at the same time, but may not overlap. Adjacent regions are not merged; they must be unlocked individually.Викликає подію аудиту
msvcrt.lockingз аргументамиfd,mode,nbytes.
- msvcrt.LK_LOCK¶
- msvcrt.LK_RLCK¶
Locks the specified bytes. If the bytes cannot be locked, the program immediately tries again after 1 second. If, after 10 attempts, the bytes cannot be locked,
OSErroris raised.
- msvcrt.LK_NBLCK¶
- msvcrt.LK_NBRLCK¶
Блокує вказані байти. Якщо байти неможливо заблокувати, виникає
OSError.
- msvcrt.LK_UNLCK¶
Розблоковує вказані байти, які мають бути попередньо заблоковані.
- msvcrt.setmode(fd, flags)¶
Встановіть режим перекладу кінця рядка для дескриптора файлу fd. Щоб встановити його в текстовий режим, flags має бути
os.O_TEXT; для двійкового файлу це має бутиos.O_BINARY.
- msvcrt.open_osfhandle(handle, flags)¶
Create a C runtime file descriptor from the file handle handle. The flags parameter should be a bitwise OR of
os.O_APPEND,os.O_RDONLY,os.O_TEXTandos.O_NOINHERIT. The returned file descriptor may be used as a parameter toos.fdopen()to create a file object.The file descriptor is inheritable by default. Pass
os.O_NOINHERITflag to make it non inheritable.Викликає подію аудиту
msvcrt.open_osfhandleз аргументамиhandle,flags.
- msvcrt.get_osfhandle(fd)¶
Return the file handle for the file descriptor fd. Raises
OSErrorif fd is not recognized.Викликає подію аудиту
msvcrt.get_osfhandleз аргументомfd.
Консоль введення/виведення¶
- msvcrt.kbhit()¶
Returns a nonzero value if a keypress is waiting to be read. Otherwise, return 0.
- msvcrt.getch()¶
Read a keypress and return the resulting character as a byte string. Nothing is echoed to the console. This call will block if a keypress is not already available, but will not wait for Enter to be pressed. If the pressed key was a special function key, this will return
'\000'or'\xe0'; the next call will return the keycode. The Control-C keypress cannot be read with this function.
- msvcrt.getche()¶
Similar to
getch(), but the keypress will be echoed if it represents a printable character.
- msvcrt.putch(char)¶
Вивести рядок байтів char на консоль без буферизації.
Інші функції¶
- msvcrt.heapmin()¶
Force the
malloc()heap to clean itself up and return unused blocks to the operating system. On failure, this raisesOSError.
- msvcrt.set_error_mode(mode)¶
Changes the location where the C runtime writes an error message for an error that might end the program. mode must be one of the
OUT_*constants listed below orREPORT_ERRMODE. Returns the old setting or -1 if an error occurs. Only available in debug build of Python.
- msvcrt.OUT_TO_DEFAULT¶
Error sink is determined by the app’s type. Only available in debug build of Python.
- msvcrt.OUT_TO_STDERR¶
Error sink is a standard error. Only available in debug build of Python.
- msvcrt.OUT_TO_MSGBOX¶
Error sink is a message box. Only available in debug build of Python.
- msvcrt.REPORT_ERRMODE¶
Report the current error mode value. Only available in debug build of Python.
- msvcrt.CrtSetReportMode(type, mode)¶
Specifies the destination or destinations for a specific report type generated by
_CrtDbgReport()in the MS VC++ runtime. type must be one of theCRT_*constants listed below. mode must be one of theCRTDBG_*constants listed below. Only available in debug build of Python.
- msvcrt.CrtSetReportFile(type, file)¶
After you use
CrtSetReportMode()to specifyCRTDBG_MODE_FILE, you can specify the file handle to receive the message text. type must be one of theCRT_*constants listed below. file should be the file handle your want specified. Only available in debug build of Python.
- msvcrt.CRT_WARN¶
Warnings, messages, and information that doesn’t need immediate attention.
- msvcrt.CRT_ERROR¶
Errors, unrecoverable problems, and issues that require immediate attention.
- msvcrt.CRT_ASSERT¶
Assertion failures.
- msvcrt.CRTDBG_MODE_DEBUG¶
Writes the message to the debugger’s output window.
- msvcrt.CRTDBG_MODE_FILE¶
Writes the message to a user-supplied file handle.
CrtSetReportFile()should be called to define the specific file or stream to use as the destination.
- msvcrt.CRTDBG_MODE_WNDW¶
Creates a message box to display the message along with the
Abort,Retry, andIgnorebuttons.
- msvcrt.CRTDBG_REPORT_MODE¶
Returns current mode for the specified type.
- msvcrt.CRT_ASSEMBLY_VERSION¶
The CRT Assembly version, from the
crtassem.hheader file.
- msvcrt.VC_ASSEMBLY_PUBLICKEYTOKEN¶
The VC Assembly public key token, from the
crtassem.hheader file.
- msvcrt.LIBRARIES_ASSEMBLY_NAME_PREFIX¶
The Libraries Assembly name prefix, from the
crtassem.hheader file.