Functional Programming Modules

The modules described in this chapter provide functions and classes that support a functional programming style, and general operations on callables.

The following modules are documented in this chapter:

• itertools — Functions creating iterators for efficient looping
  • Itertool Functions
    • accumulate()
    • batched()
    • chain()
    • from_iterable()
    • combinations()
    • combinations_with_replacement()
    • compress()
    • count()
    • cycle()
    • dropwhile()
    • filterfalse()
    • groupby()
    • islice()
    • pairwise()
    • permutations()
    • product()
    • repeat()
    • starmap()
    • takewhile()
    • tee()
    • zip_longest()
  • Itertools Recipes
• functools — Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects
  • cache()
  • cached_property()
  • cmp_to_key()
  • lru_cache()
  • total_ordering()
  • Placeholder
  • partial()
  • partialmethod
  • reduce()
  • singledispatch()
  • singledispatchmethod
  • update_wrapper()
  • wraps()
  • partial Objects
    • func
    • args
    • keywords
• operator — Standard operators as functions
  • lt()
  • le()
  • eq()
  • ne()
  • ge()
  • gt()
  • __lt__()
  • __le__()
  • __eq__()
  • __ne__()
  • __ge__()
  • __gt__()
  • not_()
  • __not__()
  • truth()
  • is_()
  • is_not()
  • is_none()
  • is_not_none()
  • abs()
  • __abs__()
  • add()
  • __add__()
  • and_()
  • __and__()
  • floordiv()
  • __floordiv__()
  • index()
  • __index__()
  • inv()
  • invert()
  • __inv__()
  • __invert__()
  • lshift()
  • __lshift__()
  • mod()
  • __mod__()
  • mul()
  • __mul__()
  • matmul()
  • __matmul__()
  • neg()
  • __neg__()
  • or_()
  • __or__()
  • pos()
  • __pos__()
  • pow()
  • __pow__()
  • rshift()
  • __rshift__()
  • sub()
  • __sub__()
  • truediv()
  • __truediv__()
  • xor()
  • __xor__()
  • concat()
  • __concat__()
  • contains()
  • __contains__()
  • countOf()
  • delitem()
  • __delitem__()
  • getitem()
  • __getitem__()
  • indexOf()
  • setitem()
  • __setitem__()
  • length_hint()
  • call()
  • __call__()
  • attrgetter()
  • itemgetter()
  • methodcaller()
  • Mapping Operators to Functions
  • In-place Operators
    • iadd()
    • __iadd__()
    • iand()
    • __iand__()
    • iconcat()
    • __iconcat__()
    • ifloordiv()
    • __ifloordiv__()
    • ilshift()
    • __ilshift__()
    • imod()
    • __imod__()
    • imul()
    • __imul__()
    • imatmul()
    • __imatmul__()
    • ior()
    • __ior__()
    • ipow()
    • __ipow__()
    • irshift()
    • __irshift__()
    • isub()
    • __isub__()
    • itruediv()
    • __itruediv__()
    • ixor()
    • __ixor__()