# Code Objects

Code objects are a low-level detail of the CPython implementation. Each one represents a chunk of executable code that hasn’t yet been bound into a function.

type PyCodeObject

  The C structure of the objects used to describe code objects. The fields of this type are subject to change at any time.

PyTypeObject PyCode_Type

  This is an instance of `PyTypeObject` representing the Python code object.

int PyCode_Check(PyObject *co)

  Return true if co is a code object. This function always succeeds.

int PyCode_GetNumFree(PyCodeObject *co)

  Return the number of free variables in co.

PyCodeObject *PyCode_New(int argcount, int kwonlyargcount, int nlocals, int stacksize, int flags, PyObject *code, PyObject *consts, PyObject *names, PyObject *varnames, PyObject *freevars, PyObject *cellvars, PyObject *filename, PyObject *name, PyObject *qualname, int firstlineno, PyObject *linetable, PyObject *exceptiontable)
  Return value: New reference.

  Return a new code object. If you need a dummy code object to create a frame, use `PyCode_NewEmpty()` instead. Calling `PyCode_New()` directly will bind you to a precise Python version since the definition of the bytecode changes often. The many arguments of this function are inter-dependent in complex ways, meaning that subtle changes to values are likely to result in incorrect execution or VM crashes. Use this function only with extreme care.

  3.11 sürümünde değişti: Added `qualname` and `exceptiontable` parameters.

PyCodeObject *PyCode_NewWithPosOnlyArgs(int argcount, int posonlyargcount, int kwonlyargcount, int nlocals, int stacksize, int flags, PyObject *code, PyObject *consts, PyObject *names, PyObject *varnames, PyObject *freevars, PyObject *cellvars, PyObject *filename, PyObject *name, PyObject *qualname, int firstlineno, PyObject *linetable, PyObject *exceptiontable)
  Return value: New reference.

  Similar to `PyCode_New()`, but with an extra “posonlyargcount” for positional-only arguments. The same caveats that apply to `PyCode_New` also apply to this function.

  3.8 sürümünde geldi.

  3.11 sürümünde değişti: Added `qualname` and `exceptiontable` parameters.

PyCodeObject *PyCode_NewEmpty(const char *filename, const char *funcname, int firstlineno)
  Return value: New reference.

  Return a new empty code object with the specified filename, function name, and first line number. The resulting code object will raise an `Exception` if executed.

int PyCode_Addr2Line(PyCodeObject *co, int byte_offset)

  Return the line number of the instruction that occurs on or before `byte_offset` and ends after it. If you just need the line number of a frame, use `PyFrame_GetLineNumber()` instead.

  For efficiently iterating over the line numbers in a code object, use the API described in PEP 626.

int PyCode_Addr2Location(PyObject *co, int byte_offset, int *start_line, int *start_column, int *end_line, int *end_column)

  Sets the passed `int` pointers to the source code line and column numbers for the instruction at `byte_offset`. Sets the value to `0` when information is not available for any particular element.

  Returns `1` if the function succeeds and 0 otherwise.

  3.11 sürümünde geldi.

PyObject *PyCode_GetCode(PyCodeObject *co)

  Equivalent to the Python code `getattr(co, 'co_code')`. Returns a strong reference to a `PyBytesObject` representing the bytecode in a code object. On error, `NULL` is returned and an exception is raised.

  This `PyBytesObject` may be created on-demand by the interpreter and does not necessarily represent the bytecode actually executed by CPython. The primary use case for this function is debuggers and profilers.

  3.11 sürümünde geldi.

PyObject *PyCode_GetVarnames(PyCodeObject *co)

  Equivalent to the Python code `getattr(co, 'co_varnames')`. Returns a new reference to a `PyTupleObject` containing the names of the local variables. On error, `NULL` is returned and an exception is raised.

  3.11 sürümünde geldi.

PyObject *PyCode_GetCellvars(PyCodeObject *co)

  Equivalent to the Python code `getattr(co, 'co_cellvars')`. Returns a new reference to a `PyTupleObject` containing the names of the local variables that are referenced by nested functions. On error, `NULL` is returned and an exception is raised.

  3.11 sürümünde geldi.

PyObject *PyCode_GetFreevars(PyCodeObject *co)

  Equivalent to the Python code `getattr(co, 'co_freevars')`. Returns a new reference to a `PyTupleObject` containing the names of the free variables. On error, `NULL` is returned and an exception is raised.

  3.11 sürümünde geldi.