"tkinter.ttk" --- Widgets temáticos do Tk
*****************************************

**Código-fonte:** Lib/tkinter/ttk.py

======================================================================

O módulo "tkinter.ttk" introduzido no Tk 8.5, fornece acesso ao
conjunto de widgets temáticos do Tk, Alguns dos benefícios incluídos
são a renderização de fontes com suavização de serrilhamento no x11 e
transparência de janelas (requer um gerenciador de composição de
janelas no x11).

A ideia básica para "tkinter.ttk" é separar, na medida do possível, o
código que implementa o comportamento de widget do código que
implementa sua aparência.

Ver também:

  Tk Widget Styling Support
     Um documento que apresenta o suporte de temas para Tk


Usando Ttk
==========

Para começar a usar Ttk, importe seu módulo:

   from tkinter import ttk

Para substituir os widgets básicos do Tk, a importação deve seguir a
importação do Tk:

   from tkinter import *
   from tkinter.ttk import *

Esse código faz com que vários widgets "tkinter.ttk" ("Button",
"Checkbutton", "Entry", "Frame", "Label", "LabelFrame", "Menubutton",
"PanedWindow", "Radiobutton", "Scale" e "Scrollbar") substituam
automaticamente os widgets Tk.

Isso traz o benefício direto de utilizar os widgets novos que possuem
melhor aparência e sensação de uso entre as plataformas, contudo, os
widgets substitutos não são completamente compatíveis. A maior
diferença é que as opções como "fg", "bg" e outras relacionadas à
estilização do widget não estão mais presentes nos widgets Ttk.  Em
vez disso, use  a classe "ttk.Style" para melhores efeitos de
estilização.

Ver também:

  Convertendo aplicações existentes para utilização dos widgets Tile
     Uma monografia (utilizando a terminologia Tcl) sobre diferenças
     tipicamente encontradas ao mover aplicações para utilização de
     novos widgets.


Widgets Ttk
===========

Ttk traz 18 widgets, das quais doze já existiam no tkinter: "Button",
"Checkbutton", "Entry", "Frame", "Label", "LabelFrame", "Menubutton",
"PanedWindow", "Radiobutton", "Scale", "Scrollbar", e "Spinbox". As
outras seis são novas: "Combobox", "Notebook", "Progressbar",
"Separator", "Sizegrip" e "Treeview". E todas elas são subclasses de
"Widget".

Utilizar os widgets Ttk melhora a experiência de uso e o visual da
aplicação. Conforme discutido anteriormente, existem diferenças em
como a estilização é codificada.

Código Tk:

   l1 = tkinter.Label(text="Test", fg="black", bg="white")
   l2 = tkinter.Label(text="Test", fg="black", bg="white")

Código Ttk:

   style = ttk.Style()
   style.configure("BW.TLabel", foreground="black", background="white")

   l1 = ttk.Label(text="Test", style="BW.TLabel")
   l2 = ttk.Label(text="Test", style="BW.TLabel")

Para mais informações sobre TtkStyling, veja a documentação da classe
"Style".


Widget
======

"ttk.Widget" define opções padrão e métodos suportados pelos widgets
temáticos Tk e não deve ser instanciada diretamente.


Opções padrão
-------------

Todos os Widgets "ttk" aceitam as seguintes opções:

+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Opção       | Descrição                                                      |
|=============|================================================================|
| class       | Specifies the window class. The class is used when querying    |
|             | the option database for the window's other options, to         |
|             | determine the default bindtags for the window, and to select   |
|             | the widget's default layout and style. This option is read-    |
|             | only, and may only be specified when the window is created.    |
+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| cursor      | Especifica o cursor do mouse a ser utilizado pelo widget. Caso |
|             | seja definido como uma string vazia (padrão), o cursor é       |
|             | herdado do widget pai.                                         |
+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| takefocus   | Determina se a janela aceitará foco durante a navegação com o  |
|             | teclado. Retorna 0, 1 ou uma string vazia. Caso retorne 0,     |
|             | significa que a janela deve ser completamente ignorada durante |
|             | a navegação com o teclado. Caso retorne 1, significa que a     |
|             | janela receberá as entradas do teclado enquanto estiver        |
|             | visível. E a string vazia significa que os scripts de          |
|             | navegação determinam quando a janela recebe foco ou não.       |
+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| style       | Pode ser utilizado para especificar um estilo customizado do   |
|             | widget.                                                        |
+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+


Opções de ferramenta rolável
----------------------------

As opções a seguir são suportadas pelos widgets que são controlados
por uma barra de rolagem.

+------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| Opção            | Descrição                                                 |
|==================|===========================================================|
| xscrollcommand   | Utilizado para comunicação com barras de rolagem          |
|                  | horizontais.  Quando a visualização na janela do widget   |
|                  | mudar, o widget irá gerar um comando Tcl baseado no       |
|                  | comando da barra de rolagem.  Geralmente essa opção       |
|                  | consiste no método "Scrollbar.set()" de alguma barra de   |
|                  | rolagem. Isso fará com que a barra de rolagem seja        |
|                  | atualizada sempre que a visualização da janela mude.      |
+------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| yscrollcommand   | Utilizado para comunicação com barras de rolagem          |
|                  | verticais. Para mais informações, veja acima.             |
+------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+


Opções de rótulo
----------------

As opções a seguir são suportadas por rótulos, botões e outros widgets
semelhantes.

+----------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| Opção          | Descrição                                                   |
|================|=============================================================|
| text           | Especifica uma string para exibição dentro do widget.       |
+----------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| textvariable   | Specifies a name whose value will be used in place of the   |
|                | text option resource.                                       |
+----------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| underline      | Caso definido, especifica o índice (base-0) de um caractere |
|                | para sublinhamento na string de texto. O caractere          |
|                | sublinhado é utilizado para ativação mnemônica.             |
+----------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| image          | Define uma imagem para exibição. Isso é uma lista de 1 ou   |
|                | mais elementos. O primeiro elemento é o nome da imagem      |
|                | padrão. O resto da lista é uma sequência de pares           |
|                | estado/valor conforme definido por "Style.map()", definindo |
|                | imagens diferentes para utilização quando o widget estiver  |
|                | em um determinado estado ou em uma combinação de estados.   |
|                | Todas as imagens da lista devem ter o mesmo tamanho.        |
+----------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| compound       | Define como exibir a imagem em relação ao texto, no caso em |
|                | que ambas as opções de texto e imagem estejam presentes.    |
|                | Valores válidos são:  * texto: exibir apenas texto  *       |
|                | imagem: exibir apenas a imagem  * top, bottom, left, right: |
|                | exibem a imagem acima, abaixo, à esquerda, ou à direita do  |
|                | texto, respectivamente.  * none: o padrão, exibe a imagem   |
|                | caso ela esteja presente, caso contrário , exibe o texto.   |
+----------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| width          | Caso maior que zero, especifica quanto espaço, em largura   |
|                | de caracteres, alocar para o rótulo do texto, se menor que  |
|                | zero, especifica a largura mínima. Se zero ou inespecífico, |
|                | é utilizada a largura normal do rótulo de texto.            |
+----------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+


Opções de compatibilidade
-------------------------

+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Opção    | Descrição                                                        |
|==========|==================================================================|
| state    | May be set to "normal" or "disabled" to control the "disabled"   |
|          | state bit. This is a write-only option: setting it changes the   |
|          | widget state, but the "Widget.state()" method does not affect    |
|          | this option.                                                     |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+


Estados de Widget
-----------------

O estado do widget é um bitmap de sinalizadores de estado
independentes.

+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Sinalizador  | Descrição                                                     |
|==============|===============================================================|
| active       | O cursor do mouse está sobre o widget e pressionar um botão   |
|              | do mouse causará alguma ação                                  |
+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| disabled     | Widget está desabilitado sob controle do programa.            |
+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| focus        | Widget tem foco do teclado                                    |
+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| pressed      | Widget está sendo pressionado                                 |
+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| selected     | "On", "true", ou "current" para coisas como botões de         |
|              | confirmação e botões de opção.                                |
+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| background   | Windows e Mac possuem uma noção de janela "ativa" ou em       |
|              | primeiro plano. O estado de "plano de fundo" é definido para  |
|              | widgets em uma janela no plano de fundo, e limpo para aqueles |
|              | na janela de primeiro plano                                   |
+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| readonly     | Widget não deve permitir modificação do usuário               |
+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| alternate    | Um formato de exibição específico do widget                   |
+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| invalid      | O valor do widget é inválido                                  |
+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+

Uma especificação de estado é uma sequência de nomes de estado,
opcionalmente prefixada por um ponto de exclamação indicando que o bit
está desligado.


ttk.Widget
----------

Além dos métodos descritos abaixo, a classe "ttk.Widget" oferece
suporte aos métodos "tkinter.Widget.cget()" e
"tkinter.Widget.configure()".

class tkinter.ttk.Widget

   identify(x, y)

      Retorna o nome do elemento na posição *x* *y*, ou a string vazia
      caso o ponto não esteja dentro de algum elemento.

      *x* e *y* são coordenadas de pixel relativas ao widget.

   instate(statespec, callback=None, *args, **kw)

      Test the widget's state. If a callback is not specified, returns
      "True" if the widget state matches *statespec* and "False"
      otherwise. If callback is specified then it is called with args
      if widget state matches *statespec*.

   state(statespec=None)

      Modify or inquire widget state. If *statespec* is specified,
      sets the widget state according to it and return a new
      *statespec* indicating which flags were changed. If *statespec*
      is not specified, returns the currently enabled state flags.

   *statespec* will usually be a list or a tuple.


Combobox
========

O widget "ttk.Combobox" combina um campo de texto com uma lista
suspensa de valores. Esse widget é uma subclasse de "Entry".

Besides the methods inherited from "Widget": "Widget.cget()",
"Widget.configure()", "Widget.identify()", "Widget.instate()" and
"Widget.state()", and the following inherited from "Entry":
"Entry.bbox()", "Entry.delete()", "Entry.icursor()", "Entry.index()",
"Entry.insert()", "Entry.selection()", "Entry.xview()", it has some
other methods, described at "ttk.Combobox".


Opções
------

Este widget aceita as seguintes opções específicas:

+-------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| Opção             | Descrição                                                |
|===================|==========================================================|
| exportselection   | Valor booleano. Caso definido, a seleção do widget é     |
|                   | vinculada à seleção do Gerenciador de Janelas (que pode  |
|                   | ser retornada ao chamar Misc.selection_get, por          |
|                   | exemplo).                                                |
+-------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| justify           | Especifica como o texto é alinhado dentro do widget.     |
|                   | Pode ser "left", "center" ou "right".                    |
+-------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| height            | Especifica a altura, em linhas, da lista suspensa.       |
+-------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| postcommand       | Um script (possivelmente registrado com Misc.register)   |
|                   | que é chamado imediatamente antes da exibição dos        |
|                   | valores. Ele pode especificar quais valores exibir.      |
+-------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| state             | Um dos estados: "normal", "readonly" ou "disabled". No   |
|                   | estado "readonly", o valor não pode ser editado          |
|                   | diretamente, e o usuário só pode selecionar valores      |
|                   | contidos na lista suspensa. No estado "normal", o campo  |
|                   | de texto é diretamente editável. No estado "disabled",   |
|                   | nenhuma interação é possível.                            |
+-------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| textvariable      | Especifica um nome que terá seu valor vinculado ao valor |
|                   | do widget. Sempre que o valor associado a esse nome      |
|                   | mudar, o valor do widget será atualizado, e vice versa.  |
|                   | Veja "tkinter.StringVar".                                |
+-------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| values            | Especifica a lista de valores para exibição na lista     |
|                   | suspensa.                                                |
+-------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| width             | Specifies an integer value indicating the desired width  |
|                   | of the entry window, in average-size characters of the   |
|                   | widget's font.                                           |
+-------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+


Eventos virtuais
----------------

Os widgets combobox geram um evento virtual **<<ComboboxSelected>>**
quando o usuário seleciona um elemento da lista de valores.


ttk.Combobox
------------

class tkinter.ttk.Combobox

   current(newindex=None)

      If *newindex* is specified, sets the combobox value to the
      element position *newindex*. Otherwise, returns the index of the
      current value or -1 if the current value is not in the values
      list.

   get()

      Retorna o valor atual do combobox.

   set(value)

      Sets the value of the combobox to *value*.


Spinbox
=======

The "ttk.Spinbox" widget is a "ttk.Entry" enhanced with increment and
decrement arrows.  It can be used for numbers or lists of string
values. This widget is a subclass of "Entry".

Besides the methods inherited from "Widget": "Widget.cget()",
"Widget.configure()", "Widget.identify()", "Widget.instate()" and
"Widget.state()", and the following inherited from "Entry":
"Entry.bbox()", "Entry.delete()", "Entry.icursor()", "Entry.index()",
"Entry.insert()", "Entry.xview()", it has some other methods,
described at "ttk.Spinbox".


Opções
------

Este widget aceita as seguintes opções específicas:

+------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| Opção                  | Descrição                                              |
|========================|========================================================|
| from                   | Float value.  If set, this is the minimum value to     |
|                        | which the decrement button will decrement.  Must be    |
|                        | spelled as "from_" when used as an argument, since     |
|                        | "from" is a Python keyword.                            |
+------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| to                     | Float value.  If set, this is the maximum value to     |
|                        | which the increment button will increment.             |
+------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| increment              | Float value.  Specifies the amount which the           |
|                        | increment/decrement buttons change the value. Defaults |
|                        | to 1.0.                                                |
+------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| values                 | Sequence of string or float values.  If specified, the |
|                        | increment/decrement buttons will cycle through the     |
|                        | items in this sequence rather than incrementing or     |
|                        | decrementing numbers.                                  |
+------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| wrap                   | Boolean value.  If "True", increment and decrement     |
|                        | buttons will cycle from the "to" value to the "from"   |
|                        | value or the "from" value to the "to" value,           |
|                        | respectively.                                          |
+------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| format                 | String value.  This specifies the format of numbers    |
|                        | set by the increment/decrement buttons.  It must be in |
|                        | the form "%W.Pf", where W is the padded width of the   |
|                        | value, P is the precision, and '%' and 'f' are         |
|                        | literal.                                               |
+------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| command                | Python callable.  Will be called with no arguments     |
|                        | whenever either of the increment or decrement buttons  |
|                        | are pressed.                                           |
+------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+


Eventos virtuais
----------------

The spinbox widget generates an **<<Increment>>** virtual event when
the user presses <Up>, and a **<<Decrement>>** virtual event when the
user presses <Down>.


ttk.Spinbox
-----------

class tkinter.ttk.Spinbox

   get()

      Returns the current value of the spinbox.

   set(value)

      Sets the value of the spinbox to *value*.


Notebook
========

Ttk Notebook widget manages a collection of windows and displays a
single one at a time. Each child window is associated with a tab,
which the user may select to change the currently displayed window.


Opções
------

Este widget aceita as seguintes opções específicas:

+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Opção     | Descrição                                                        |
|===========|==================================================================|
| height    | If present and greater than zero, specifies the desired height   |
|           | of the pane area (not including internal padding or tabs).       |
|           | Otherwise, the maximum height of all panes is used.              |
+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| padding   | Specifies the amount of extra space to add around the outside of |
|           | the notebook. The padding is a list up to four length            |
|           | specifications left top right bottom. If fewer than four         |
|           | elements are specified, bottom defaults to top, right defaults   |
|           | to left, and top defaults to left.                               |
+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| width     | If present and greater than zero, specified the desired width of |
|           | the pane area (not including internal padding). Otherwise, the   |
|           | maximum width of all panes is used.                              |
+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+


Tab Options
-----------

There are also specific options for tabs:

+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Opção       | Descrição                                                      |
|=============|================================================================|
| state       | Either "normal", "disabled" or "hidden". If "disabled", then   |
|             | the tab is not selectable. If "hidden", then the tab is not    |
|             | shown.                                                         |
+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| sticky      | Specifies how the child window is positioned within the pane   |
|             | area. Value is a string containing zero or more of the         |
|             | characters "n", "s", "e" or "w". Each letter refers to a side  |
|             | (north, south, east or west) that the child window will stick  |
|             | to, as per the "grid()" geometry manager.                      |
+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| padding     | Specifies the amount of extra space to add between the         |
|             | notebook and this pane. Syntax is the same as for the option   |
|             | padding used by this widget.                                   |
+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| text        | Specifies a text to be displayed in the tab.                   |
+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| image       | Specifies an image to display in the tab. See the option image |
|             | described in "Widget".                                         |
+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| compound    | Specifies how to display the image relative to the text, in    |
|             | the case both options text and image are present. See Label    |
|             | Options for legal values.                                      |
+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| underline   | Specifies the index (0-based) of a character to underline in   |
|             | the text string. The underlined character is used for mnemonic |
|             | activation if "Notebook.enable_traversal()" is called.         |
+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+


Tab Identifiers
---------------

The tab_id present in several methods of "ttk.Notebook" may take any
of the following forms:

* An integer between zero and the number of tabs

* The name of a child window

* A positional specification of the form "@x,y", which identifies the
  tab

* The literal string "current", which identifies the currently
  selected tab

* The literal string "end", which returns the number of tabs (only
  valid for "Notebook.index()")


Virtual Events
--------------

This widget generates a **<<NotebookTabChanged>>** virtual event after
a new tab is selected.


ttk.Notebook
------------

class tkinter.ttk.Notebook

   add(child, **kw)

      Adds a new tab to the notebook.

      If window is currently managed by the notebook but hidden, it is
      restored to its previous position.

      See Tab Options for the list of available options.

   forget(tab_id)

      Removes the tab specified by *tab_id*, unmaps and unmanages the
      associated window.

   hide(tab_id)

      Hides the tab specified by *tab_id*.

      The tab will not be displayed, but the associated window remains
      managed by the notebook and its configuration remembered. Hidden
      tabs may be restored with the "add()" command.

   identify(x, y)

      Returns the name of the tab element at position *x*, *y*, or the
      empty string if none.

   index(tab_id)

      Returns the numeric index of the tab specified by *tab_id*, or
      the total number of tabs if *tab_id* is the string "end".

   insert(pos, child, **kw)

      Inserts a pane at the specified position.

      *pos* is either the string "end", an integer index, or the name
      of a managed child. If *child* is already managed by the
      notebook, moves it to the specified position.

      See Tab Options for the list of available options.

   select(tab_id=None)

      Selects the specified *tab_id*.

      The associated child window will be displayed, and the
      previously selected window (if different) is unmapped. If
      *tab_id* is omitted, returns the widget name of the currently
      selected pane.

   tab(tab_id, option=None, **kw)

      Query or modify the options of the specific *tab_id*.

      If *kw* is not given, returns a dictionary of the tab option
      values. If *option* is specified, returns the value of that
      *option*. Otherwise, sets the options to the corresponding
      values.

   tabs()

      Returns a list of windows managed by the notebook.

   enable_traversal()

      Enable keyboard traversal for a toplevel window containing this
      notebook.

      This will extend the bindings for the toplevel window containing
      the notebook as follows:

      * "Control"-"Tab": selects the tab following the currently
        selected one.

      * "Shift"-"Control"-"Tab": selects the tab preceding the
        currently selected one.

      * "Alt"-"K": where *K* is the mnemonic (underlined) character of
        any tab, will select that tab.

      Multiple notebooks in a single toplevel may be enabled for
      traversal, including nested notebooks. However, notebook
      traversal only works properly if all panes have the notebook
      they are in as master.


Progressbar
===========

The "ttk.Progressbar" widget shows the status of a long-running
operation. It can operate in two modes:  1) the determinate mode which
shows the amount completed relative to the total amount of work to be
done and 2) the indeterminate mode which provides an animated display
to let the user know that work is progressing.


Opções
------

Este widget aceita as seguintes opções específicas:

+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Opção      | Descrição                                                       |
|============|=================================================================|
| orient     | One of "horizontal" or "vertical". Specifies the orientation of |
|            | the progress bar.                                               |
+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| length     | Specifies the length of the long axis of the progress bar       |
|            | (width if horizontal, height if vertical).                      |
+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| mode       | One of "determinate" or "indeterminate".                        |
+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| maximum    | A number specifying the maximum value. Defaults to 100.         |
+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| value      | The current value of the progress bar. In "determinate" mode,   |
|            | this represents the amount of work completed. In                |
|            | "indeterminate" mode, it is interpreted as modulo *maximum*;    |
|            | that is, the progress bar completes one "cycle" when its value  |
|            | increases by *maximum*.                                         |
+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| variable   | A name which is linked to the option value. If specified, the   |
|            | value of the progress bar is automatically set to the value of  |
|            | this name whenever the latter is modified.                      |
+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| phase      | Read-only option. The widget periodically increments the value  |
|            | of this option whenever its value is greater than 0 and, in     |
|            | determinate mode, less than maximum. This option may be used by |
|            | the current theme to provide additional animation effects.      |
+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+


ttk.Progressbar
---------------

class tkinter.ttk.Progressbar

   start(interval=None)

      Begin autoincrement mode: schedules a recurring timer event that
      calls "Progressbar.step()" every *interval* milliseconds. If
      omitted, *interval* defaults to 50 milliseconds.

   step(amount=None)

      Increments the progress bar's value by *amount*.

      *amount* defaults to 1.0 if omitted.

   stop()

      Stop autoincrement mode: cancels any recurring timer event
      initiated by "Progressbar.start()" for this progress bar.


Separator
=========

The "ttk.Separator" widget displays a horizontal or vertical separator
bar.

It has no other methods besides the ones inherited from "ttk.Widget".


Opções
------

This widget accepts the following specific option:

+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Opção    | Descrição                                                        |
|==========|==================================================================|
| orient   | One of "horizontal" or "vertical". Specifies the orientation of  |
|          | the separator.                                                   |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+


Sizegrip
========

The "ttk.Sizegrip" widget (also known as a grow box) allows the user
to resize the containing toplevel window by pressing and dragging the
grip.

This widget has neither specific options nor specific methods, besides
the ones inherited from "ttk.Widget".


Platform-specific notes
-----------------------

* On macOS, toplevel windows automatically include a built-in size
  grip by default. Adding a "Sizegrip" is harmless, since the built-in
  grip will just mask the widget.


Bugs
----

* If the containing toplevel's position was specified relative to the
  right or bottom of the screen (e.g. ....), the "Sizegrip" widget
  will not resize the window.

* This widget supports only "southeast" resizing.


Treeview
========

The "ttk.Treeview" widget displays a hierarchical collection of items.
Each item has a textual label, an optional image, and an optional list
of data values. The data values are displayed in successive columns
after the tree label.

The order in which data values are displayed may be controlled by
setting the widget option "displaycolumns". The tree widget can also
display column headings. Columns may be accessed by number or symbolic
names listed in the widget option columns. See Column Identifiers.

Each item is identified by a unique name. The widget will generate
item IDs if they are not supplied by the caller. There is a
distinguished root item, named "{}". The root item itself is not
displayed; its children appear at the top level of the hierarchy.

Each item also has a list of tags, which can be used to associate
event bindings with individual items and control the appearance of the
item.

The Treeview widget supports horizontal and vertical scrolling,
according to the options described in Scrollable Widget Options and
the methods "Treeview.xview()" and "Treeview.yview()".


Opções
------

Este widget aceita as seguintes opções específicas:

+------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| Opção            | Descrição                                                |
|==================|==========================================================|
| columns          | A list of column identifiers, specifying the number of   |
|                  | columns and their names.                                 |
+------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| displaycolumns   | A list of column identifiers (either symbolic or integer |
|                  | indices) specifying which data columns are displayed and |
|                  | the order in which they appear, or the string "#all".    |
+------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| height           | Specifies the number of rows which should be visible.    |
|                  | Note: the requested width is determined from the sum of  |
|                  | the column widths.                                       |
+------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| padding          | Specifies the internal padding for the widget. The       |
|                  | padding is a list of up to four length specifications.   |
+------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| selectmode       | Controls how the built-in class bindings manage the      |
|                  | selection. One of "extended", "browse" or "none". If set |
|                  | to "extended" (the default), multiple items may be       |
|                  | selected. If "browse", only a single item will be        |
|                  | selected at a time. If "none", the selection will not be |
|                  | changed.  Note that the application code and tag         |
|                  | bindings can set the selection however they wish,        |
|                  | regardless of the value  of this option.                 |
+------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| show             | A list containing zero or more of the following values,  |
|                  | specifying which elements of the tree to display.  *     |
|                  | tree: display tree labels in column #0.  * headings:     |
|                  | display the heading row.  The default is "tree           |
|                  | headings", i.e., show all elements.  **Note**: Column #0 |
|                  | always refers to the tree column, even if show="tree" is |
|                  | not specified.                                           |
+------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+


Item Options
------------

The following item options may be specified for items in the insert
and item widget commands.

+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Opção    | Descrição                                                       |
|==========|=================================================================|
| text     | The textual label to display for the item.                      |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| image    | A Tk Image, displayed to the left of the label.                 |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| values   | The list of values associated with the item.  Each item should  |
|          | have the same number of values as the widget option columns. If |
|          | there are fewer values than columns, the remaining values are   |
|          | assumed empty. If there are more values than columns, the extra |
|          | values are ignored.                                             |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| open     | "True"/"False" value indicating whether the item's children     |
|          | should be displayed or hidden.                                  |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| tags     | A list of tags associated with this item.                       |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+


Tag Options
-----------

The following options may be specified on tags:

+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| Opção        | Descrição                                                   |
|==============|=============================================================|
| foreground   | Specifies the text foreground color.                        |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| background   | Specifies the cell or item background color.                |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| font         | Specifies the font to use when drawing text.                |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| image        | Specifies the item image, in case the item's image option   |
|              | is empty.                                                   |
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+


Column Identifiers
------------------

Column identifiers take any of the following forms:

* A symbolic name from the list of columns option.

* An integer n, specifying the nth data column.

* A string of the form #n, where n is an integer, specifying the nth
  display column.

Notas:

* Item's option values may be displayed in a different order than the
  order in which they are stored.

* Column #0 always refers to the tree column, even if show="tree" is
  not specified.

A data column number is an index into an item's option values list; a
display column number is the column number in the tree where the
values are displayed. Tree labels are displayed in column #0. If
option displaycolumns is not set, then data column n is displayed in
column #n+1. Again, **column #0 always refers to the tree column**.


Virtual Events
--------------

The Treeview widget generates the following virtual events.

+----------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| Evento               | Descrição                                          |
|======================|====================================================|
| <<TreeviewSelect>>   | Generated whenever the selection changes.          |
+----------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| <<TreeviewOpen>>     | Generated just before settings the focus item to   |
|                      | open=True.                                         |
+----------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| <<TreeviewClose>>    | Generated just after setting the focus item to     |
|                      | open=False.                                        |
+----------------------+----------------------------------------------------+

The "Treeview.focus()" and "Treeview.selection()" methods can be used
to determine the affected item or items.


ttk.Treeview
------------

class tkinter.ttk.Treeview

   bbox(item, column=None)

      Returns the bounding box (relative to the treeview widget's
      window) of the specified *item* in the form (x, y, width,
      height).

      If *column* is specified, returns the bounding box of that cell.
      If the *item* is not visible (i.e., if it is a descendant of a
      closed item or is scrolled offscreen), returns an empty string.

   get_children(item=None)

      Returns the list of children belonging to *item*.

      If *item* is not specified, returns root children.

   set_children(item, *newchildren)

      Replaces *item*'s child with *newchildren*.

      Children present in *item* that are not present in *newchildren*
      are detached from the tree. No items in *newchildren* may be an
      ancestor of *item*. Note that not specifying *newchildren*
      results in detaching *item*'s children.

   column(column, option=None, **kw)

      Query or modify the options for the specified *column*.

      If *kw* is not given, returns a dict of the column option
      values. If *option* is specified then the value for that
      *option* is returned. Otherwise, sets the options to the
      corresponding values.

      The valid options/values are:

      *id*
         Returns the column name. This is a read-only option.

      *anchor*: One of the standard Tk anchor values.
         Specifies how the text in this column should be aligned with
         respect to the cell.

      *minwidth*: width
         The minimum width of the column in pixels. The treeview
         widget will not make the column any smaller than specified by
         this option when the widget is resized or the user drags a
         column.

      *stretch*: "True"/"False"
         Specifies whether the column's width should be adjusted when
         the widget is resized.

      *width*: width
         The width of the column in pixels.

      To configure the tree column, call this with column = "#0"

   delete(*items)

      Delete all specified *items* and all their descendants.

      The root item may not be deleted.

   detach(*items)

      Unlinks all of the specified *items* from the tree.

      The items and all of their descendants are still present, and
      may be reinserted at another point in the tree, but will not be
      displayed.

      The root item may not be detached.

   exists(item)

      Returns "True" if the specified *item* is present in the tree.

   focus(item=None)

      If *item* is specified, sets the focus item to *item*.
      Otherwise, returns the current focus item, or '' if there is
      none.

   heading(column, option=None, **kw)

      Query or modify the heading options for the specified *column*.

      If *kw* is not given, returns a dict of the heading option
      values. If *option* is specified then the value for that
      *option* is returned. Otherwise, sets the options to the
      corresponding values.

      The valid options/values are:

      *text*: text
         The text to display in the column heading.

      *image*: imageName
         Specifies an image to display to the right of the column
         heading.

      *anchor*: anchor
         Specifies how the heading text should be aligned. One of the
         standard Tk anchor values.

      *command*: callback
         A callback to be invoked when the heading label is pressed.

      To configure the tree column heading, call this with column =
      "#0".

   identify(component, x, y)

      Returns a description of the specified *component* under the
      point given by *x* and *y*, or the empty string if no such
      *component* is present at that position.

   identify_row(y)

      Returns the item ID of the item at position *y*.

   identify_column(x)

      Returns the data column identifier of the cell at position *x*.

      The tree column has ID #0.

   identify_region(x, y)

      Returns one of:

      +-------------+----------------------------------------+
      | region      | meaning                                |
      |=============|========================================|
      | heading     | Tree heading area.                     |
      +-------------+----------------------------------------+
      | separator   | Space between two columns headings.    |
      +-------------+----------------------------------------+
      | tree        | The tree area.                         |
      +-------------+----------------------------------------+
      | cell        | A data cell.                           |
      +-------------+----------------------------------------+

      Availability: Tk 8.6.

   identify_element(x, y)

      Returns the element at position *x*, *y*.

      Availability: Tk 8.6.

   index(item)

      Returns the integer index of *item* within its parent's list of
      children.

   insert(parent, index, iid=None, **kw)

      Creates a new item and returns the item identifier of the newly
      created item.

      *parent* is the item ID of the parent item, or the empty string
      to create a new top-level item. *index* is an integer, or the
      value "end", specifying where in the list of parent's children
      to insert the new item. If *index* is less than or equal to
      zero, the new node is inserted at the beginning; if *index* is
      greater than or equal to the current number of children, it is
      inserted at the end. If *iid* is specified, it is used as the
      item identifier; *iid* must not already exist in the tree.
      Otherwise, a new unique identifier is generated.

      See Item Options for the list of available options.

   item(item, option=None, **kw)

      Query or modify the options for the specified *item*.

      If no options are given, a dict with options/values for the item
      is returned. If *option* is specified then the value for that
      option is returned. Otherwise, sets the options to the
      corresponding values as given by *kw*.

   move(item, parent, index)

      Moves *item* to position *index* in *parent*'s list of children.

      It is illegal to move an item under one of its descendants. If
      *index* is less than or equal to zero, *item* is moved to the
      beginning; if greater than or equal to the number of children,
      it is moved to the end. If *item* was detached it is reattached.

   next(item)

      Returns the identifier of *item*'s next sibling, or '' if *item*
      is the last child of its parent.

   parent(item)

      Returns the ID of the parent of *item*, or '' if *item* is at
      the top level of the hierarchy.

   prev(item)

      Returns the identifier of *item*'s previous sibling, or '' if
      *item* is the first child of its parent.

   reattach(item, parent, index)

      An alias for "Treeview.move()".

   see(item)

      Ensure that *item* is visible.

      Sets all of *item*'s ancestors open option to "True", and
      scrolls the widget if necessary so that *item* is within the
      visible portion of the tree.

   selection()

      Returns a tuple of selected items.

      Alterado na versão 3.8: "selection()" no longer takes arguments.
      For changing the selection state use the following selection
      methods.

   selection_set(*items)

      *items* becomes the new selection.

      Alterado na versão 3.6: *items* can be passed as separate
      arguments, not just as a single tuple.

   selection_add(*items)

      Add *items* to the selection.

      Alterado na versão 3.6: *items* can be passed as separate
      arguments, not just as a single tuple.

   selection_remove(*items)

      Remove *items* from the selection.

      Alterado na versão 3.6: *items* can be passed as separate
      arguments, not just as a single tuple.

   selection_toggle(*items)

      Toggle the selection state of each item in *items*.

      Alterado na versão 3.6: *items* can be passed as separate
      arguments, not just as a single tuple.

   set(item, column=None, value=None)

      With one argument, returns a dictionary of column/value pairs
      for the specified *item*. With two arguments, returns the
      current value of the specified *column*. With three arguments,
      sets the value of given *column* in given *item* to the
      specified *value*.

   tag_bind(tagname, sequence=None, callback=None)

      Bind a callback for the given event *sequence* to the tag
      *tagname*. When an event is delivered to an item, the callbacks
      for each of the item's tags option are called.

   tag_configure(tagname, option=None, **kw)

      Query or modify the options for the specified *tagname*.

      If *kw* is not given, returns a dict of the option settings for
      *tagname*. If *option* is specified, returns the value for that
      *option* for the specified *tagname*. Otherwise, sets the
      options to the corresponding values for the given *tagname*.

   tag_has(tagname, item=None)

      If *item* is specified, returns 1 or 0 depending on whether the
      specified *item* has the given *tagname*. Otherwise, returns a
      list of all items that have the specified tag.

      Availability: Tk 8.6

   xview(*args)

      Query or modify horizontal position of the treeview.

   yview(*args)

      Query or modify vertical position of the treeview.


Ttk Styling
===========

Each widget in "ttk" is assigned a style, which specifies the set of
elements making up the widget and how they are arranged, along with
dynamic and default settings for element options. By default the style
name is the same as the widget's class name, but it may be overridden
by the widget's style option. If you don't know the class name of a
widget, use the method "Misc.winfo_class()"
(somewidget.winfo_class()).

Ver também:

  Tcl'2004 conference presentation
     This document explains how the theme engine works

class tkinter.ttk.Style

   This class is used to manipulate the style database.

   configure(style, query_opt=None, **kw)

      Query or set the default value of the specified option(s) in
      *style*.

      Each key in *kw* is an option and each value is a string
      identifying the value for that option.

      For example, to change every default button to be a flat button
      with some padding and a different background color:

         from tkinter import ttk
         import tkinter

         root = tkinter.Tk()

         ttk.Style().configure("TButton", padding=6, relief="flat",
            background="#ccc")

         btn = ttk.Button(text="Sample")
         btn.pack()

         root.mainloop()

   map(style, query_opt=None, **kw)

      Query or sets dynamic values of the specified option(s) in
      *style*.

      Each key in *kw* is an option and each value should be a list or
      a tuple (usually) containing statespecs grouped in tuples,
      lists, or some other preference. A statespec is a compound of
      one or more states and then a value.

      An example may make it more understandable:

         import tkinter
         from tkinter import ttk

         root = tkinter.Tk()

         style = ttk.Style()
         style.map("C.TButton",
             foreground=[('pressed', 'red'), ('active', 'blue')],
             background=[('pressed', '!disabled', 'black'), ('active', 'white')]
             )

         colored_btn = ttk.Button(text="Test", style="C.TButton").pack()

         root.mainloop()

      Note that the order of the (states, value) sequences for an
      option does matter, if the order is changed to "[('active',
      'blue'), ('pressed', 'red')]" in the foreground option, for
      example, the result would be a blue foreground when the widget
      were in active or pressed states.

   lookup(style, option, state=None, default=None)

      Returns the value specified for *option* in *style*.

      If *state* is specified, it is expected to be a sequence of one
      or more states. If the *default* argument is set, it is used as
      a fallback value in case no specification for option is found.

      To check what font a Button uses by default:

         from tkinter import ttk

         print(ttk.Style().lookup("TButton", "font"))

   layout(style, layoutspec=None)

      Define the widget layout for given *style*. If *layoutspec* is
      omitted, return the layout specification for given style.

      *layoutspec*, if specified, is expected to be a list or some
      other sequence type (excluding strings), where each item should
      be a tuple and the first item is the layout name and the second
      item should have the format described in Layouts.

      To understand the format, see the following example (it is not
      intended to do anything useful):

         from tkinter import ttk
         import tkinter

         root = tkinter.Tk()

         style = ttk.Style()
         style.layout("TMenubutton", [
            ("Menubutton.background", None),
            ("Menubutton.button", {"children":
                [("Menubutton.focus", {"children":
                    [("Menubutton.padding", {"children":
                        [("Menubutton.label", {"side": "left", "expand": 1})]
                    })]
                })]
            }),
         ])

         mbtn = ttk.Menubutton(text='Text')
         mbtn.pack()
         root.mainloop()

   element_create(elementname, etype, *args, **kw)

      Create a new element in the current theme, of the given *etype*
      which is expected to be either "image", "from" or "vsapi". The
      latter is only available in Tk 8.6 on Windows.

      If "image" is used, *args* should contain the default image name
      followed by statespec/value pairs (this is the imagespec), and
      *kw* may have the following options:

      border=padding
         padding is a list of up to four integers, specifying the
         left, top, right, and bottom borders, respectively.

      height=height
         Specifies a minimum height for the element. If less than
         zero, the base image's height is used as a default.

      padding=padding
         Specifies the element's interior padding. Defaults to
         border's value if not specified.

      sticky=spec
         Specifies how the image is placed within the final parcel.
         spec contains zero or more characters "n", "s", "w", or "e".

      width=width
         Specifies a minimum width for the element. If less than zero,
         the base image's width is used as a default.

      Exemplo:

         img1 = tkinter.PhotoImage(master=root, file='button.png')
         img1 = tkinter.PhotoImage(master=root, file='button-pressed.png')
         img1 = tkinter.PhotoImage(master=root, file='button-active.png')
         style = ttk.Style(root)
         style.element_create('Button.button', 'image',
                              img1, ('pressed', img2), ('active', img3),
                              border=(2, 4), sticky='we')

      If "from" is used as the value of *etype*, "element_create()"
      will clone an existing element. *args* is expected to contain a
      themename, from which the element will be cloned, and optionally
      an element to clone from. If this element to clone from is not
      specified, an empty element will be used. *kw* is discarded.

      Exemplo:

         style = ttk.Style(root)
         style.element_create('plain.background', 'from', 'default')

      If "vsapi" is used as the value of *etype*, "element_create()"
      will create a new element in the current theme whose visual
      appearance is drawn using the Microsoft Visual Styles API which
      is responsible for the themed styles on Windows XP and Vista.
      *args* is expected to contain the Visual Styles class and part
      as given in the Microsoft documentation followed by an optional
      sequence of tuples of ttk states and the corresponding Visual
      Styles API state value. *kw* may have the following options:

      padding=padding
         Specify the element's interior padding. *padding* is a list
         of up to four integers specifying the left, top, right and
         bottom padding quantities respectively. If fewer than four
         elements are specified, bottom defaults to top, right
         defaults to left, and top defaults to left. In other words, a
         list of three numbers specify the left, vertical, and right
         padding; a list of two numbers specify the horizontal and the
         vertical padding; a single number specifies the same padding
         all the way around the widget. This option may not be mixed
         with any other options.

      margins=padding
         Specifies the elements exterior padding. *padding* is a list
         of up to four integers specifying the left, top, right and
         bottom padding quantities respectively. This option may not
         be mixed with any other options.

      width=width
         Specifies the width for the element. If this option is set
         then the Visual Styles API will not be queried for the
         recommended size or the part. If this option is set then
         *height* should also be set. The *width* and *height* options
         cannot be mixed with the *padding* or *margins* options.

      height=height
         Specifies the height of the element. See the comments for
         *width*.

      Exemplo:

         style = ttk.Style(root)
         style.element_create('pin', 'vsapi', 'EXPLORERBAR', 3, [
                              ('pressed', '!selected', 3),
                              ('active', '!selected', 2),
                              ('pressed', 'selected', 6),
                              ('active', 'selected', 5),
                              ('selected', 4),
                              ('', 1)])
         style.layout('Explorer.Pin',
                      [('Explorer.Pin.pin', {'sticky': 'news'})])
         pin = ttk.Checkbutton(style='Explorer.Pin')
         pin.pack(expand=True, fill='both')

      Alterado na versão 3.13: Added support of the "vsapi" element
      factory.

   element_names()

      Returns the list of elements defined in the current theme.

   element_options(elementname)

      Returns the list of *elementname*'s options.

   theme_create(themename, parent=None, settings=None)

      Create a new theme.

      It is an error if *themename* already exists. If *parent* is
      specified, the new theme will inherit styles, elements and
      layouts from the parent theme. If *settings* are present they
      are expected to have the same syntax used for
      "theme_settings()".

   theme_settings(themename, settings)

      Temporarily sets the current theme to *themename*, apply
      specified *settings* and then restore the previous theme.

      Each key in *settings* is a style and each value may contain the
      keys 'configure', 'map', 'layout' and 'element create' and they
      are expected to have the same format as specified by the methods
      "Style.configure()", "Style.map()", "Style.layout()" and
      "Style.element_create()" respectively.

      As an example, let's change the Combobox for the default theme a
      bit:

         from tkinter import ttk
         import tkinter

         root = tkinter.Tk()

         style = ttk.Style()
         style.theme_settings("default", {
            "TCombobox": {
                "configure": {"padding": 5},
                "map": {
                    "background": [("active", "green2"),
                                   ("!disabled", "green4")],
                    "fieldbackground": [("!disabled", "green3")],
                    "foreground": [("focus", "OliveDrab1"),
                                   ("!disabled", "OliveDrab2")]
                }
            }
         })

         combo = ttk.Combobox().pack()

         root.mainloop()

   theme_names()

      Returns a list of all known themes.

   theme_use(themename=None)

      If *themename* is not given, returns the theme in use.
      Otherwise, sets the current theme to *themename*, refreshes all
      widgets and emits a <<ThemeChanged>> event.


Layouts
-------

A layout can be just "None", if it takes no options, or a dict of
options specifying how to arrange the element. The layout mechanism
uses a simplified version of the pack geometry manager: given an
initial cavity, each element is allocated a parcel.

The valid options/values are:

*side*: whichside
   Specifies which side of the cavity to place the element; one of
   top, right, bottom or left. If omitted, the element occupies the
   entire cavity.

*sticky*: nswe
   Specifies where the element is placed inside its allocated parcel.

*unit*: 0 ou 1
   If set to 1, causes the element and all of its descendants to be
   treated as a single element for the purposes of "Widget.identify()"
   et al. It's used for things like scrollbar thumbs with grips.

*children*: [sublayout... ]
   Specifies a list of elements to place inside the element. Each
   element is a tuple (or other sequence type) where the first item is
   the layout name, and the other is a Layout.
