18. Interprocess Communication and Networking

The modules described in this chapter provide mechanisms for different processes to communicate.

Alguns módulos funcionam apenas para dois processos que estão na mesma máquina como, por exemplo, signal e mmap. Outros módulos possuem suporte a protocolos de rede que dois ou mais processos podem usar para se comunicar entre máquinas.

A lista de módulos descritos neste capítulo é:

• 18.1. socket — Interface de rede de baixo nível
  • 18.1.1. Famílias de soquete
  • 18.1.2. Conteúdo do módulo
    • 18.1.2.1. Exceções
    • 18.1.2.2. Constantes
    • 18.1.2.3. Funções
      • 18.1.2.3.1. Criação de sockets
      • 18.1.2.3.2. Outras funções
  • 18.1.3. Socket Objects
  • 18.1.4. Notas sobre tempo limite de soquete
    • 18.1.4.1. Timeouts and the connect method
    • 18.1.4.2. Timeouts and the accept method
  • 18.1.5. Exemplo
• 18.2. ssl — TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects
  • 18.2.1. Functions, Constants, and Exceptions
    • 18.2.1.1. Socket creation
    • 18.2.1.2. Context creation
    • 18.2.1.3. Random generation
    • 18.2.1.4. Manipulação de certificados
    • 18.2.1.5. Constantes
  • 18.2.2. SSL Sockets
  • 18.2.3. SSL Contexts
  • 18.2.4. Certificados
    • 18.2.4.1. Certificate chains
    • 18.2.4.2. CA certificates
    • 18.2.4.3. Combined key and certificate
    • 18.2.4.4. Self-signed certificates
  • 18.2.5. Exemplos
    • 18.2.5.1. Testing for SSL support
    • 18.2.5.2. Client-side operation
    • 18.2.5.3. Server-side operation
  • 18.2.6. Notes on non-blocking sockets
  • 18.2.7. Memory BIO Support
  • 18.2.8. SSL session
  • 18.2.9. Security considerations
    • 18.2.9.1. Best defaults
    • 18.2.9.2. Manual settings
      • 18.2.9.2.1. Verifying certificates
      • 18.2.9.2.2. Protocol versions
      • 18.2.9.2.3. Cipher selection
    • 18.2.9.3. Multi-processing
  • 18.2.10. LibreSSL support
• 18.3. select — Waiting for I/O completion
  • 18.3.1. /dev/poll Polling Objects
  • 18.3.2. Edge and Level Trigger Polling (epoll) Objects
  • 18.3.3. Polling Objects
  • 18.3.4. Kqueue Objects
  • 18.3.5. Kevent Objects
• 18.4. selectors — High-level I/O multiplexing
  • 18.4.1. Introdução
  • 18.4.2. Classes
  • 18.4.3. Exemplos
• 18.5. asyncio — Asynchronous I/O, event loop, coroutines and tasks
  • 18.5.1. Base Event Loop
    • 18.5.1.1. Run an event loop
    • 18.5.1.2. Calls
    • 18.5.1.3. Delayed calls
    • 18.5.1.4. Futuros
    • 18.5.1.5. Tarefas
    • 18.5.1.6. Creating connections
    • 18.5.1.7. Creating listening connections
    • 18.5.1.8. Watch file descriptors
    • 18.5.1.9. Low-level socket operations
    • 18.5.1.10. Resolve host name
    • 18.5.1.11. Connect pipes
    • 18.5.1.12. UNIX signals
    • 18.5.1.13. Executor
    • 18.5.1.14. Tratando erros da API
    • 18.5.1.15. Debug mode
    • 18.5.1.16. Server
    • 18.5.1.17. Handle
    • 18.5.1.18. Event loop examples
      • 18.5.1.18.1. Hello World com call_soon()
      • 18.5.1.18.2. Exibe a data atual com call_later()
      • 18.5.1.18.3. Observa um descritor de arquivo por eventos de leitura
      • 18.5.1.18.4. Define tratadores de sinais para SIGINT e SIGTERM
  • 18.5.2. Event loops
    • 18.5.2.1. Event loop functions
    • 18.5.2.2. Available event loops
    • 18.5.2.3. Platform support
      • 18.5.2.3.1. Windows
      • 18.5.2.3.2. Mac OS X
    • 18.5.2.4. Event loop policies and the default policy
    • 18.5.2.5. Event loop policy interface
    • 18.5.2.6. Access to the global loop policy
    • 18.5.2.7. Customizing the event loop policy
  • 18.5.3. Tarefas e co-rotinas
    • 18.5.3.1. Coroutines
      • 18.5.3.1.1. Example: Hello World coroutine
      • 18.5.3.1.2. Example: Coroutine displaying the current date
      • 18.5.3.1.3. Example: Chain coroutines
    • 18.5.3.2. InvalidStateError
    • 18.5.3.3. TimeoutError
    • 18.5.3.4. Future
      • 18.5.3.4.1. Example: Future with run_until_complete()
      • 18.5.3.4.2. Example: Future with run_forever()
    • 18.5.3.5. Task
      • 18.5.3.5.1. Example: Parallel execution of tasks
    • 18.5.3.6. Task functions
  • 18.5.4. Transports and protocols (callback based API)
    • 18.5.4.1. Transportes
      • 18.5.4.1.1. BaseTransport
      • 18.5.4.1.2. ReadTransport
      • 18.5.4.1.3. WriteTransport
      • 18.5.4.1.4. DatagramTransport
      • 18.5.4.1.5. BaseSubprocessTransport
    • 18.5.4.2. Protocolos
      • 18.5.4.2.1. Protocol classes
      • 18.5.4.2.2. Connection callbacks
      • 18.5.4.2.3. Streaming protocols
      • 18.5.4.2.4. Datagram protocols
      • 18.5.4.2.5. Flow control callbacks
      • 18.5.4.2.6. Coroutines and protocols
    • 18.5.4.3. Protocol examples
      • 18.5.4.3.1. TCP echo client protocol
      • 18.5.4.3.2. TCP echo server protocol
      • 18.5.4.3.3. UDP echo client protocol
      • 18.5.4.3.4. UDP echo server protocol
      • 18.5.4.3.5. Register an open socket to wait for data using a protocol
  • 18.5.5. Streams (coroutine based API)
    • 18.5.5.1. Stream functions
    • 18.5.5.2. StreamReader
    • 18.5.5.3. StreamWriter
    • 18.5.5.4. StreamReaderProtocol
    • 18.5.5.5. IncompleteReadError
    • 18.5.5.6. LimitOverrunError
    • 18.5.5.7. Stream examples
      • 18.5.5.7.1. Cliente para eco TCP usando streams
      • 18.5.5.7.2. Servidor eco TCP usando streams
      • 18.5.5.7.3. Obtém headers HTTP
      • 18.5.5.7.4. Registra um soquete aberto para aguardar por dados usando streams
  • 18.5.6. Subprocessos
    • 18.5.6.1. Windows event loop
    • 18.5.6.2. Create a subprocess: high-level API using Process
    • 18.5.6.3. Create a subprocess: low-level API using subprocess.Popen
    • 18.5.6.4. Constantes
    • 18.5.6.5. Process
    • 18.5.6.6. Subprocess and threads
    • 18.5.6.7. Subprocess examples
      • 18.5.6.7.1. Subprocess using transport and protocol
      • 18.5.6.7.2. Subprocess using streams
  • 18.5.7. Synchronization primitives
    • 18.5.7.1. Locks
      • 18.5.7.1.1. Lock
      • 18.5.7.1.2. Evento
      • 18.5.7.1.3. Condição
    • 18.5.7.2. Semaphores
      • 18.5.7.2.1. Semaphore
      • 18.5.7.2.2. BoundedSemaphore
  • 18.5.8. Filas
    • 18.5.8.1. Queue
    • 18.5.8.2. PriorityQueue
    • 18.5.8.3. LifoQueue
      • 18.5.8.3.1. Exceções
  • 18.5.9. Desenvolva com asyncio
    • 18.5.9.1. Debug mode of asyncio
    • 18.5.9.2. Cancellation
    • 18.5.9.3. Concurrency and multithreading
    • 18.5.9.4. Handle blocking functions correctly
    • 18.5.9.5. Gerando logs
    • 18.5.9.6. Detect coroutine objects never scheduled
    • 18.5.9.7. Detect exceptions never consumed
    • 18.5.9.8. Chain coroutines correctly
    • 18.5.9.9. Pending task destroyed
    • 18.5.9.10. Close transports and event loops
• 18.6. asyncore — Asynchronous socket handler
  • 18.6.1. asyncore Example basic HTTP client
  • 18.6.2. asyncore Example basic echo server
• 18.7. asynchat — Asynchronous socket command/response handler
  • 18.7.1. Exemplo com asynchat
• 18.8. signal — Set handlers for asynchronous events
  • 18.8.1. Regras gerais
    • 18.8.1.1. Execution of Python signal handlers
    • 18.8.1.2. Signals and threads
  • 18.8.2. Conteúdo do módulo
  • 18.8.3. Exemplo
• 18.9. mmap — Suporte a arquivos com memória mapeada