30.1. code — Classes Bases do Intérprete

Código Fonte: Lib/code.py

O módulo code fornece facilidades para implementarmos loops de leitura-eval-escrita no código Python. São incluídas duas classes e funções de conveniência que podem ser usadas para criar aplicativos que fornecem um prompt de interpretação interativa.

class code.InteractiveInterpreter(locals=None)

Esta classe trata de analisar e interpretar o estado (espaço de nome do usuário); o mesmo não lida com buffer de entrada ou solicitação ou nomeação de arquivo de entrada (o nome do arquivo é sempre passado explicitamente). O argumento opcional local especifica o dicionário no qual o código será executado; ele é padrão para um dicionário recém-criado com a chave '__name__' set to '__console__' and key '__doc__' definido com None.

class code.InteractiveConsole(locals=None, filename="<console>")

Closely emulate the behavior of the interactive Python interpreter. This class builds on InteractiveInterpreter and adds prompting using the familiar sys.ps1 and sys.ps2, and input buffering.

code.interact(banner=None, readfunc=None, local=None, exitmsg=None)

Convenience function to run a read-eval-print loop. This creates a new instance of InteractiveConsole and sets readfunc to be used as the InteractiveConsole.raw_input() method, if provided. If local is provided, it is passed to the InteractiveConsole constructor for use as the default namespace for the interpreter loop. The interact() method of the instance is then run with banner and exitmsg passed as the banner and exit message to use, if provided. The console object is discarded after use.

Alterado na versão 3.6: Parâmetro adicionado exitmsg.

code.compile_command(source, filename="<input>", symbol="single")

This function is useful for programs that want to emulate Python’s interpreter main loop (a.k.a. the read-eval-print loop). The tricky part is to determine when the user has entered an incomplete command that can be completed by entering more text (as opposed to a complete command or a syntax error). This function almost always makes the same decision as the real interpreter main loop.

source is the source string; filename is the optional filename from which source was read, defaulting to '<input>'; and symbol is the optional grammar start symbol, which should be either 'single' (the default) or 'eval'.

Returns a code object (the same as compile(source, filename, symbol)) if the command is complete and valid; None if the command is incomplete; raises SyntaxError if the command is complete and contains a syntax error, or raises OverflowError or ValueError if the command contains an invalid literal.

30.1.1. Objetos de Intérprete Interativo

InteractiveInterpreter.runsource(source, filename="<input>", symbol="single")

Compile and run some source in the interpreter. Arguments are the same as for compile_command(); the default for filename is '<input>', and for symbol is 'single'. One several things can happen:

The return value can be used to decide whether to use sys.ps1 or sys.ps2 to prompt the next line.

InteractiveInterpreter.runcode(code)

Execute a code object. When an exception occurs, showtraceback() is called to display a traceback. All exceptions are caught except SystemExit, which is allowed to propagate.

A note about KeyboardInterrupt: this exception may occur elsewhere in this code, and may not always be caught. The caller should be prepared to deal with it.

InteractiveInterpreter.showsyntaxerror(filename=None)

Display the syntax error that just occurred. This does not display a stack trace because there isn’t one for syntax errors. If filename is given, it is stuffed into the exception instead of the default filename provided by Python’s parser, because it always uses '<string>' when reading from a string. The output is written by the write() method.

InteractiveInterpreter.showtraceback()

Display the exception that just occurred. We remove the first stack item because it is within the interpreter object implementation. The output is written by the write() method.

Alterado na versão 3.5: The full chained traceback is displayed instead of just the primary traceback.

InteractiveInterpreter.write(data)

Write a string to the standard error stream (sys.stderr). Derived classes should override this to provide the appropriate output handling as needed.

30.1.2. Objetos de Console Interativos

The InteractiveConsole class is a subclass of InteractiveInterpreter, and so offers all the methods of the interpreter objects as well as the following additions.

InteractiveConsole.interact(banner=None, exitmsg=None)

Closely emulate the interactive Python console. The optional banner argument specify the banner to print before the first interaction; by default it prints a banner similar to the one printed by the standard Python interpreter, followed by the class name of the console object in parentheses (so as not to confuse this with the real interpreter – since it’s so close!).

The optional exitmsg argument specifies an exit message printed when exiting. Pass the empty string to suppress the exit message. If exitmsg is not given or None, a default message is printed.

Alterado na versão 3.4: To suppress printing any banner, pass an empty string.

Alterado na versão 3.6: Imprima uma mensagem de saída ao sair.

InteractiveConsole.push(line)

Push a line of source text to the interpreter. The line should not have a trailing newline; it may have internal newlines. The line is appended to a buffer and the interpreter’s runsource() method is called with the concatenated contents of the buffer as source. If this indicates that the command was executed or invalid, the buffer is reset; otherwise, the command is incomplete, and the buffer is left as it was after the line was appended. The return value is True if more input is required, False if the line was dealt with in some way (this is the same as runsource()).

InteractiveConsole.resetbuffer()

Remove any unhandled source text from the input buffer.

InteractiveConsole.raw_input(prompt="")

Write a prompt and read a line. The returned line does not include the trailing newline. When the user enters the EOF key sequence, EOFError is raised. The base implementation reads from sys.stdin; a subclass may replace this with a different implementation.